METABOLISM AND PHARMACOKINETICS OF QINGHAOSU AND ITS DERIVATIVES

This study was conducted with the aim ofobtaining information useful in the rationalclinical use of Qinghaosu and its derivatives.The results showed that these drugs werereadily absorbed,excreted and transformed fol-lowing oral administration,while intramuscularinjection gave prolonged blood levels.Thesepharmacokinetic results may very well explainthe therapeutic effect of the drug.     

COAGGREGATION AND COAGGREGATION INHIBITION BETWEEN PERIO-PATHOGENIC AND CARIOGENIC BACTERIA

Objective To screen the coaggregating pairs between perio-pathogenic and cariogenic bacteria and to investigate the susceptibility of these coaggregations to inhibitors. Methods 4 strains of perio-pathogenic bacteria, Fusobacterium nuleatum （Fn） ATCC 10953, Actinobacilllus actinomycetem comitans （Aa） Y4, Porphyromonas gingivalis （Pg） ATCC 33277,Prevotella intermedia （Pi） ATCC 25261 and 4 strains of cariogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans （Sm） lngbritt, Streptococcus sanguis （Ss） 34, Actinomyces viscosus （ Av） 19246 and Lactobacillus acidophilus （La） ATCC 4356 were used to determine the coaggregating degrees of various combinations of the above bacteria by a visual assay and a turbidimetric assay. Then more than ＋ 2 （ or 20% ） coaggregation degrees＇ pairs were used to investigate the inhibitory effect of lactose and arginine and to identify the minimum of their coaggregation-inhibitory concentration. Results The coaggregation degrees of Fn-Av, Pg-Av, Fn-Sm, Fn-Ss, Fn-La and Pg-Ss pairs were higher than ＋ 2 （ 20% ）. 3.0 - 6.0mmol/L of arginine were considerably effective to the above pairs except Fn-Av pair and the disaggregation degrees were 49% - 92%. The maximum of their disaggregation degree to Fn-Av pair was just 18%. 120 - 300mmol/L of lactose were significantly effective to Pg-Ss pair, the disaggregation degrees were 57% - 91%. They partially inhibited Pg-Av pair and were almost ineffective to FnG^＋pairs. Conclusion The coaggregations between perio-pathogenic and cariogenic bacteria are highly specific. Most of them are relatively sensitive to arginine.     

NEWS AND NOTES

CORD BLOOD HEMATOPOIETIC CELL BANK Human umbilical cord blood as a sufficient source of cells for hematopoietic cell transplantation, usually discarded,now has been used to restore the hematopoiesis of patients.Shandong Medical University Hospital first developed the HLA-mismatched multi—cord blood transplantation and build up the first cord blood hematopoietic cell bank in the world. Studies have shown that the frequency of hematopoietic progenitors in cord blood equals to or even exceeds that of bone marrow and greatly surpasses that of adult blood. The cord blood can form CFU-F in culture besides CFU-GM and BFU-E. The frequency of CFU-GM in coculture of cord blood exceeds the sum of individual cultures. In has     

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

ANSWER:It is universally acknow-ledged that smoking is jeopardizing the hu-man health.There are various kinds of meth-ods for abstinence from smoking,but theacupuncture therapy is relatively simple,eco-nomic and convenient.The commonly-usedmethods are introduced as follows.     

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Houxi (SI 3) is an acupoint on the Small Intestine Channel of Hand-Taiyang, which is located, when a fist is clenched, on the ulnar side, proximal to the 5th metacarpophalangeal joint, at the end of the transverse crease and the junction of the red and white skin. The proper use of this point may bring about magical effect.     

QUESTION AND ANSWER

Psychonosema related to menstrual cycle includes premenstrual depression, anxiety and irritability, accompanied with impulsion or aggressive behavior, and at the same time, there may appear imbalance of vegetative nervous system. Whereas the periodic psychosis is closely related to     

NEWS AND NOTES

IMPORTANT ACHIEVEMENTS INCARDIODYNAMIC STUDY In the study of cardiodynamic theory and its application, a series of important achievements have been obtained in our country by Prof. Liao Jing-liang. At the technical appraisal meeting held recently, all experts considered that the study has reached the international advanced level. Prof. Liao Jing-liang started this study from 1982 and got the support from the State Naturual Sciences Foundation. In the study, he first creatively integrated the volumes in the two different coordinates of viscoelastic solid and fluid, made a new cardiodynamic model, then derived a cardiodynamic analytical equation and calculated the solution of the cardiac mathematical model with special mathematical methods, giving a new approach to using a mathematical model for the quantitative study of cardiocerebral motion.     

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

HOW TO TREAT CHRONICPROSTATITIS WITH THE EXTERNALTHERAPEUTIC METHODSZhou Anfang 周安方Expert Clinic of Hubei College of TraditionalChinese Medicine,Hubei Province 430061Chronic prostatitis is a common diseasein males which is basically treated with oraladministration in clinic.This not only gives a     

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

HOW TO TREAT LATENT JAUNDICE IN CASE OF HEPATOCIRRHOSIS? In patients with hepatocirrhosis, the concentration of serum total bilirubin often elevates, representing liver cell damage. Normally, the concentration of serum total bilirubin is in the range of 2～18 μmol/L (0.1～1.0 mg/dl). If it elevates to 19.25～34.2 μ mol/L (1.1～2.0mg/dl), with no jaundice     

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

WHY THE HEAT-CLEARING AND DIURESIS-PROMOTING DRUGS CANNOT BE SIMPLY USED IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC URINARY TRACT INFECTION? Li Xueming 李学铭 Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of TraditionalChinese Medicine, Zhejiang Province 310006 Urinary tract infection falls into the TCM category of stranguria, especially that of the heat type. At the initial stage of the disease, it often occurs as acute urinary tract     

乌体林斯膀胱灌注对大鼠血清白细胞介素-6的影响

目的:探讨乌体林斯膀胱灌注对大鼠血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和膀胱肿瘤生长的影响。方法:制作N-甲基亚硝基脲诱导大鼠原位膀胱癌模型,于第8周行单次或连续(每周1次,共4次)膀胱灌注乌体林斯后,进行病理观察、测量膀胱总重量和检测血清IL-6的水平。结果:单次膀胱灌注乌体林斯的膀胱癌大鼠血清IL-6的水平高于对照组(P<0.05),连续4次膀胱灌注乌体林斯的膀胱癌大鼠血清IL-6的水平高于对照组(P<0.01),膀胱总重量小于对照组(P<0.01),表明膀胱肿瘤的生长被抑制。结论:经尿道膀胱灌注乌体林斯不但可引起局部免疫反应,还能调节外周血的免疫状态,可能起到抑制膀胱肿瘤的生长,达到抗肿瘤作用。     

鱼腥草注射液治疗复发性单纯疱疹性角膜炎的疗效观察

目的:观察鱼腥草注射液对复发性单纯疱疹性角膜炎的疗效。方法:治疗组30例用鱼腥草注射液静脉滴注配合球结膜下注射及局部点眼;对照组28例用无环鸟苷注射液静脉滴注配合局部点眼。随访1～2年,平均为15个月。结果:治疗有效者治疗组28例,对照组20例,两组间差异有显著意义(P<0.05)。平均治愈天数治疗组(18.12±2.51天)少于对照组(21.54±2.38天)(P<0.01)。治疗组随访25例,复发2例;对照组随访15例,复发5例(P<0.05)。结论:鱼腥草注射液静脉注射配合局部用药,对复发性单纯疱疹性角膜炎有缩短疗程、预防和减少复发的作用。     

顺铂局部化疗治疗食管贲门癌的临床观察

目的：探讨顺铂（DDP）局部化疗治疗食管贲门癌的近远期疗效。方法：应用顺铂（DDP）局部注射于晚期食管癌肿瘤周边,内镜下观察对肿瘤的直接影响及对置入食管支架后肿瘤组织的影响。结果：6／8例顺铂局部化疗抑制肿瘤生长有效,68例置入支架后局部化疗12周19／49（A组）2／19（B组）肿瘤生长入支架内致再狭窄。加用顺铂（B组）例数明显少于不含顺铂组（A组）（P＜0．05）。结论：顺铂局部化疗治疗晚期食管癌抑制肿瘤生长有效。内镜下顺铂局部化疗对置架后肿瘤组织生长有抑制作用,可改善患者的生活质量,延长生存期。     

紫杉醇膀胱灌注抑制大鼠膀胱癌生长的机制

目的探讨紫杉醇连续膀胱灌注对大鼠膀胱肿瘤生长的作用和机制。方法将40只雌性Wistar大鼠,随机分为对照组(n=20)和紫杉醇组(n=20),制作N-甲基亚硝基脲诱导大鼠原位膀胱癌模型,于第8周分别行生理盐水和紫杉醇制剂连续膀胱灌注,每周1次,共6次。于第14周进行病理观察、测量膀胱总重量,微血管密度(MVD)和凋亡指数(AI)。结果第14周时,对照组(n=16)和紫杉醇组(n=12)大鼠膀胱均可见明显肿物,光镜下可见癌组织侵入肌层。紫杉醇组大鼠膀胱的重量和肿瘤的MVD小于对照组(P<0.01);紫杉醇组大鼠膀胱肿瘤的AI大于对照组(P<0.01)。结论紫杉醇连续膀胱灌注可抑制大鼠膀胱肿瘤生长,可能与抑制肿瘤血管生长和诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡有关。     

浅表性膀胱癌的临床治疗

目的探讨浅表性膀胱癌的治疗方法.方法浅表性膀胱癌(Ta-1,G1-2)49例,平均年龄60岁,施行经尿道膀胱电切(TURBT)34例,部分膀胱切除15例.术后表阿霉素(EPI)加卡介苗(BCG)膀胱内灌注40例,丝裂霉素C膀胱灌注9例,定期膀胱镜检查,尿细胞学检查和随访.结果 49例患者经1～3次治疗,随访12～72个月,平均36个月.14例出现1次或1次以上的复发,最后9例进展为T2以上的分期肿瘤.6例施行膀胱全切,2例发生远处转移,3例死于膀胱肿瘤.结论浅表性膀胱癌患者早期行TURBT或膀胱部分切除,术后膀胱内药物灌注预防肿瘤复发,并严密随访,对肿瘤进展迅速者应尽快施行根治性膀胱全切术.     

复方丹参滴注并早期清胰汤灌肠与施他宁治疗重症急性胰腺炎的疗效及成本效益比较

目的比较复方丹参静脉滴注和清胰汤早期保留灌肠联合应用与施他宁治疗重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）的疗效及成本效益,探讨非手术治疗SAP有效且价廉的方法。方法将64例SAP患者随机分为治疗组（复方丹参静脉滴注和清胰汤早期保留灌肠）与对照组（施他宁）,对SAP患者的临床症状改善时间、血清淀粉酶和血常规复常时间、住院天数和住院直接费用、最终病死率以及治疗后患者腹腔内高压（IAH）缓解时间进行比较。结果治疗组腹痛初步缓解时间、首次排大便时间、恢复进食时间较对照组明显缩短,住院费用、住院天数大幅度减少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。腹部压痛体征消除时间、血清淀粉酶和血常规复常时间两组比较差异无统计学意义。SAP患者经治疗后IAH缓解时间,治疗组较对照组明显提前（P〈0．05）。两组最终病死率比较差异无统计学意义。结论复方丹参滴注和清胰汤早期保留灌肠联合应用,可明显改善SAP病情,减少住院天数,住院费用比施他宁更低。能比施他宁更快地缓解IAH,病死率则差异无统计学意义。     

表阿霉素单次或多次膀胱灌注预防初发性膀胱癌与复发性膀胱癌术后复发的疗效比较

目的：探讨单次或多次表阿霉素膀胱灌注对预防初发性膀胱癌与复发性膀胱癌术后复发的疗效。方法：将47例初发性膀胱癌术后患者分为A(23例)和B(24例)二组,同时将52例复发性膀胱癌术后患者分为C(26例)和D(26例)二组。A、C组在术后6h内表阿霉素80mg／次单次灌注;B、D组在术后1周内表阿霉素50mg／次膀胱灌注,每周1次,共4次,后每月1次。共1年。比较各组术后2年肿瘤复发率及毒副反应发生情况。结果：2年复发率：C组复发率高于A、B、D组,A、C组药物毒副反应发生率低于B、D组。结论：表阿霉素单次膀胱灌注预防初发性浅表性膀胱癌术后复发的作用可靠,毒副反应发生率低;对复发性膀胱癌术后复发的预防,多次膀胱灌注比单次膀胱灌注疗效可靠。     

腺性膀胱炎的治疗效果

目的探讨腺性膀胱炎的治疗方法.方法对41例腺性膀胱炎患者进行抗感染、碎石、经尿道电灼、电切加气化、膀胱灌注及膀胱切除等治疗.结果 41例随访6～72个月,平均22个月;治愈29例,12例好转、其中3例在6～28个月内复发、1例于病理报告为膀胱移行细胞癌.结论在治疗原发性疾病的前提下,经尿道电灼、电切、气化及膀胱切除是治疗腺性膀胱炎的有效方法,膀胱灌注并非必需.腺性膀胱炎有恶变趋向,应密切随访.     

经肛局部切除术治疗低位直肠癌（附26例报告）

目的：总结经肛门局部切除术治疗低位直肠癌的经验。方法：回顾性分析1991～2000年收治的26例经肛门局部切除治疗的临床资料。结果：(1)26例均为直肠腺癌；(2)26例直肠癌T0 10例，T19例，T2期7例。(3)围手术期病死率为0。(4)术后特异性并发症仅有1例，占38．5％。(5)有4例局部复发。其中1例经局部切除治愈。另外3例经腹会阴联合切除术；(6)本组直肠癌病人经肛门局部切除术后，随访都超过2年，5年生存为83．4％。结论：经肛门局部切除治疗直肠癌适于T1～T2，N0M0、组织分化好，距肛缘6cm以内的肿瘤，但严格掌握适应证，完整的肿瘤切除，术中预防肿瘤种植是预防复发的关键。术后应进行密切随防，以尽早发现复发。     

高危膀胱癌膀胱部分切除术后法玛新膀胱灌注化疗的疗效观察

目的探讨膀胱部分切除术后辅以法玛新(速溶型注射用盐酸表柔比星)膀胱内灌注化疗治疗高危膀胱癌的疗效。方法选取11例术前经尿道镜膀胱镜检查并膀胱肿瘤组织活检病理证实为膀胱癌的高危膀胱癌患者,采用膀胱部分切除术,术后行法玛新膀胱内灌注化疗。方法为:法玛新20mg 注射用水30ml膀胱内灌注化疗,灌注液膀胱内保留1h,并嘱患者定时改变体位;灌注化疗方案:1次/周,连续6周。停药6周后行尿道镜膀胱镜检查,每12周为1个治疗周期,期限为3年。以后每月同样剂量膀胱内灌注化疗,继续3年,每隔6个月行尿道镜膀胱镜检查,记录每次膀胱灌注后的不良事件。结果11例高危膀胱癌患者的治疗随访时间为12～63个月,中位时间29个月。患者对法玛新膀胱内灌注治疗均能耐受,治疗期间不良反应轻微,且可逆,无一例因出现严重并发症而退出治疗。治疗随访期间有2例患者出现肿瘤复发,1例于术后36个月在原有心脏疾病基础上突发加重而死亡。结论膀胱部分切除术后法玛新膀胱内灌注化疗对高危膀胱癌具有较好的疗效。该药物局部浓度高,全身不良反应小,效果可靠,如果治疗指征选择恰当,注意密切随访,可降低因尿流改道对患者生活质量的不良影响。