肝必康胶囊对大鼠的长期毒性试验研究

目的研究肝必康胶囊对大鼠的长期毒性。方法肝必康胶囊以19.2、9.6、4.8 g/kg剂量连续灌服24周,停药2周,分别称量大鼠体重,计算脏器系数,测定血液学和血液生化学指标,并做病理组织学检查。结果肝必康胶囊大、中、小剂量组动物的外观行为、体重、脏器系数、血液学和生化学指标与空白对照组比较均无明显差异;病理检查未见与药物毒性相关的明显病变,停药后也未见药物延迟性毒性反应。结论肝必康胶囊长期用药对大鼠无明显毒性,推论临床拟用剂量应是安全的。     

鸡矢藤环烯醚萜苷对大鼠的长期毒性试验研究

目的 观察大鼠长期口服鸡矢藤环烯醚萜苷(IGPS)所产生的毒性反应及停药后恢复情况,为临床应用提供理论和实验依据.方法 IGPS分别按280、700、1 750 mg/kg剂量给大鼠连续灌胃给药12周,分别相当于推荐人临床拟用剂量的40、100、250倍.观察给药期间及停药后2周大鼠的一般状况、体重变化、血液学指标、血液生化学指标、脏器系数和组织病理学等方面的变化.结果 IGPS连续灌胃给药12周,除高剂量组红细胞数量有一过性短暂升高外,余各剂量组的大鼠体重、血液学指标、血液生化学指标、脏器系数及各组织器官的病理形态与对照组比较均未见明显异常改变;停药2周后,各项检查均正常.结论 IGPS长期大量口服,对大鼠无明显损害.     

复方参仲口服液的长期毒性试验

[目的]观察复方参仲口服液对大鼠长期毒性试验的影响。[方法]复方参仲口服液以43.0,21.5和8.6g生药/kg(为临床日剂量的50,25和10倍)给大鼠连续灌服13周,停药2周,分别测量大鼠体重,计算脏器系数,测定血液学和血液生化学指标,并作组织病理学检查。[结果]复方参仲口服液高、中、低剂量组大鼠的外观体征,行为活动,体重,脏器系数,血液学和血液生化学指标与空白对照组比较,均无显著性差异;病理检查未见与药物毒性相关的明显病变,停药后也未见药物延迟性毒性反应。[结论]复方参仲口服液长期用药对大鼠无明显毒性,表明临床拟用剂量是安全的。     

肠胃宁胶囊安全性评价研究

目的研究肠胃宁胶囊单次和重复给药的临床前安全性,为临床用药提供参考。方法 40只小鼠分为肠胃宁胶囊组和空白对照组,每组20只小鼠,肠胃宁胶囊给药剂量为32 g/kg,空白对照组给予同体积纯水,详细观察动物体征至药后14 d,剖检肉眼大体观察各脏器形态。120只大鼠分为肠胃宁胶囊9、3、1 g/kg剂量组和空白对照组,每组30只大鼠,连续灌胃给药13周,分别于给药13周和停药后4周时取部分大鼠进行血液学指标、血液生化学指标、病理组织学检查。结果肠胃宁胶囊以32 g/kg剂量单日灌胃给药,药后观察至第14天小鼠未见明显毒性反应。肠胃宁胶囊9、3、1 g/kg剂量连续灌胃给药13周,大鼠体重、血液学、血液生化学指标及组织病理学未见明显毒性反应。结论肠胃宁胶囊小鼠单次给药最大给药量为32 g/kg;大鼠重复给药13周最大无毒反应剂量大于9 g/kg。     

蛭龙活血通瘀胶囊对脑出血大鼠神经细胞保护作用的研究

目的:观察大鼠脑出血后神经细胞凋亡与蛋白酶激活受体-1 (PAR-1)表达的动态变化及蛭龙活血通瘀胶囊的干预作用,探讨蛭龙活血通瘀胶囊可能的脑保护作用.方法:将大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、蛭龙活血通瘀胶囊低、中、高剂量组.自体血注入法制备脑出血大鼠模型,TUNEL法测定凋亡细胞,免疫组化法测定PAR-1蛋白.结果:与模型组比较,蛭龙活血通瘀胶囊低、中、高剂量组的凋亡细胞与PAR-1表达均明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).与低剂量组比较,中、高剂量组各时间点的凋亡细胞与PAR-1表达均明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:蛭龙活血通瘀胶囊能明显抑制PAR-1活化,减少细胞凋亡,对脑出血大鼠具有明显的脑保护作用,且存在一定量效关系.     

宫血净胶囊毒理学研究

目的观察宫血净胶囊的急性毒性和长期毒性。方法（1）急性毒性试验：昆明种小鼠40只,用随机数字表法分成2组,每组20只,实验组用宫血净胶囊粉,采用最大给药法灌胃给药;对照组用等体积蒸馏水灌胃观察14d,记录小鼠的体重及毒性反应;（2）长期毒性试验：Wistar种大鼠80只,用随机数字表法分成4组,每组20只,3个实验组用宫血净胶囊生药81．6、49．0、24．5g／kg连续灌胃3个月;对照组用等体积蒸馏水灌胃停药14d后分另q称量大鼠体重、计算脏器系数、血液学指标、血液生化学指标并做病理组织学检查。结果宫血净胶囊的最大给药量为生药450g／kg,未见小鼠行为异常,体重增长正常。长期毒性试验：给药期间各组大鼠毛色、活动、二便、摄食、饮水与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;但大剂量组部分大鼠体重、血液学、血液生化学指标和脏器系数有异常变化,停药后,上述异常变化指标均恢复正常。给药期和恢复期重要脏器病理组织检查均未发现明显异常变化。结论宫血净胶囊的最大给药量为生药450g／ks;长期大剂量灌胃给予宫血净胶囊对大鼠有一定毒性,但停药后均恢复正常。该药按使用剂量和疗程给药是安全的。     

脑心舒软胶囊对大鼠的长期毒性实验研究

目的 观察脑心舒软胶囊连续给药后对大鼠的毒性反应.方法 SD大鼠分为脑心舒软胶囊高、中、低剂量组（分别为生药36、18、9g/kg）和空白对照组,每组20只.连续灌胃给药13周,观察大鼠一般状况、体重和摄食量变化.于末次给药后和停药两周后分别取部分大鼠,检测血液学指标、血液生化学指标、脏器系数及病理组织学改变.结果 与空白对照组比较,各给药组对大鼠的生长发育、血液学指标、血液生化学指标、脏器系数及病理组织学均无显著影响（P＞0.05）,恢复期未见药物引起的迟发性毒性反应.结论 脑心舒软胶囊相当于临床人用药剂量的15 ～60倍对大鼠长期给药,未见明显毒性不良反应.     

安神补脑液对大鼠的长期毒性研究

摘要：目的 观察安神补脑液长期灌胃给药对大鼠所产生的毒性反应及严重程度，提供毒副反应的靶器官及其损害的可逆程度，确定无毒反应剂量，以评价安神补脑液长期用药的安全性，为拟定临床试验剂量及观察指标提供参考。方法 Wistar大鼠随机分为安神补脑液低、中、高剂量组（2.5、5、10ml/kg）和溶剂对照组（灌服同容积蒸馏水 2ml/100g），每组60只，雌雄各半，每天给药1 次，每周给药6天，连续二十六周。观察大鼠的外观行为、体重、摄食量，并分别于给药第十三、二十六周末及四周恢复期结束进行血液学及血液生化学等各项指标检测及脏器系数、病理组织学检查。结果 长期连续灌胃给予安神补脑液，对动物一般状态、行为活动和外观体征无明显不良影响；各剂量组的摄食量、体重、血液学及血液生化学指标与对照组比较无明显差别；给药三个月、六个月对动物各脏器组织位置、重量和脏器系数无不良影响，但部分脏器重量有所增加，各组动物脏器系数在正常范围内；病理结果显示对照组和安神补脑液高剂量组动物未见明显与给药相关的异常病理改变和毒性改变，恢复期停药后未见延迟性毒性，因此，中、低剂量组动物各脏器组织无需进行组织病理形态学检查。结论 安神补脑液长期用药对大鼠未见明确的毒性反应，停药后亦无延迟性毒性反应，预期拟定的临床用药量为安全剂量。     

竭蛭胶囊白矾铝在大鼠骨骼中蓄积问题的实验研究

目的探讨竭蛭胶囊中白矾铝在骨组织的蓄积问题。方法在竭蛭胶囊大鼠6个月长期毒性试验中，除观察所规定的指标外，采用铬天青分光光度法测定了大鼠骨铝含量。结果给药3个月、6个月及停药2周各给药组大鼠股骨铝含量，与同期对照组比较均无显著性差异。大、中、小剂量组和空白组在给药3个月、6个月和停药2周监测股骨铝含量变化不大，三者间比较亦无显著性差异。竭蛭胶囊对动物的体重、摄食量、血液学、血液生化学、脏器系数及心电图等均无明显影响，对心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑、脊髓、胃、十二指肠、回肠、结肠、肠系膜淋巴结、甲状腺、胸腺、胰腺、肾上腺、子宫、卵巢、乳腺、胸骨髓、膀胱、脊神经等主要脏器或组织无明显的病理性损害。结论竭蛭胶囊连续给药6个月白矾铝在大鼠骨骼未见铝大量蓄积，亦未见明显的长期毒性反应。     

养心草安神颗粒对大鼠长期毒性研究

目的:观察养心草安神颗粒连续给药对大鼠的长期毒性反应及恢复情况,来评价长期服药的安全性,并为临床用药安全提供毒理学依据。方法:将成人临床拟用日剂量的80、40、20倍作为高、中、低剂量组,同溶媒对照组一起,对SD大鼠进行13周的给药期和2周的恢复期观察,测定大鼠的体质量、摄食饮水量、血液学指标、血液生化学指标、脏器系数及脏腑组织病理学检查。结果:给药期,各剂量组大鼠表现出活动倦怠,恢复期逐渐恢复正常;与溶媒对照组比较血液学指标、血液生化学指标和脏器系数均无统计学差异(P0.05),脏腑组织病理切片未见药物导致毒性病理学改变。结论:长期服用养心草安神颗粒对大鼠无显著毒性反应和延迟毒性反应,临床给药量安全。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…