胰岛素的作用

胰岛素是机体内唯一降低血糖的激素,也是唯一能促进人体营养物质（糖、蛋白质和脂肪）合成和储存的激素。胰岛素能作用的靶细胞有肝细胞、脂肪细胞、肌肉细胞、血细胞、肺及肾细胞和睾丸细胞等,但主要在肝脏、肌肉和脂肪组织。     

脑内胰岛素的生物学效应

众所周知,胰岛素能促进外周组织对葡萄糖的摄取和利用,加速糖元的合成,使血糖下降;同时还促进脂肪和蛋白质的合成,是促进机体合成代谢,维持血糖浓度稳态的主要激素.胰岛素与生长激素共同作用,能发挥明显的协同效应,对机体的生长发育有促进作用.另外,胰岛素还有促分裂和舒血管的作用.早期的研究认为,外周血液循环中的胰岛素难以通过血脑屏障,因此无中枢性作用.而脑组织对胰岛素也是不敏感的.近年来,随着生物化学技术的不断进步,大量实验依据证实以上观点是不正确的,胰岛素及其受体在中枢神经系统中广泛存在并介导脑中许多生物效应.临床资料也表明,胰岛素信号转导的改变与一些神经退行性疾病有关联.     

胰岛β细胞胰岛素分泌的调节及其机制

胰岛素是机体内促进合成代谢的蛋白质激素,它由51个氨基酸组成α、β两条肽链,通过两个二硫键连接在一起。主要作用是促进葡萄糖的氧化代谢和糖原生成,抑制糖异生,维持血糖浓度的恒定。调节胰岛素分泌的因素有很多,其中,葡萄糖、内分泌激素和细胞因子是较为重要的调节因素。机体能够整合这几大类调节因素的信号,使胰岛素的分泌量维持在     

缩合葡萄糖氯化钠注射液对术中血糖的影响

缩合葡萄糖氯化钠注射液能有效扩充血容量，快速提升血压，维持血流动力学稳定，明显改善机体血液流变学状态。其在围手术期的作用已被公认。缩合葡萄糖氯化钠注射液对肝功能、肾功能、血PH值和电解质的影响研究甚多，但其对血糖的影响报道较少。本研究拟观察缩合葡萄糖氯化钠注射液对择期妇科手术中血糖的影响。     

这些情况糖友不宜运动

正糖尿病是一组以高血糖为特征的代谢性疾病,高血糖则是由于胰岛素分泌缺陷或其生物作用受损,或两者兼有引起。会导致各种组织,特别是眼、肾、心脏、血管、神经的慢性损害、功能障碍。那生活中控糖都要注意些啥才能避免让血糖进一步恶化呢?一、8类药会升高血糖1.激素类药物包括糖皮质激素、避孕药、生长激素等可引起血糖升高。糖皮质激素可促进糖原异生、减慢葡萄糖的分解和减少机体对于葡萄糖的利用,     

小儿麻醉期间葡萄糖液的使用

小儿麻醉期间多种因素可导致血糖变化,无论血糖过低还是过高都会对机体产生危害,因而维持小儿血糖在正常水平有重要意义。但对于小儿麻醉期间是否应该使用葡萄糖液,以及如何合理使用葡萄糖的问题,一直存在着争议。研究显示,对术前禁食时间短、短小手术及身体状况好的患儿,可使用无糖液;对于新生儿、早产儿、禁食时间过长、手术时间较长及术前状况差的患儿,可使用低浓度葡萄糖液,并加强监测,使血糖稳定在正常范围。     

胰岛素的作用及临床分类

胰岛素的作用 胰岛素是机体内惟一可以降低血糖的激素,也是惟一同时促进糖原、脂肪、蛋白质合成的激素。作用机制属于受体酪氨酸激酶机制。     

糖皮质激素及瘦素与胰岛素抵抗的关系

正胰岛素抵抗(Insulin Resistance,IR)是指机体对一定量(一定浓度)胰岛素的生物效应降低,主要指机体胰岛素介导的葡萄糖摄取和代谢能力降低,包括胰岛素的敏感性和反应性下降。IR可发生于组织器官水平(骨骼肌、脂肪、肝脏和血管内皮),也可发生于亚细胞及分子水平(胰岛素受体前、受体及受体后)。糖皮质激素是重要的胰岛素拮抗激素,可通过抑制外     

甲状腺功能亢进合并糖尿病的处理

<正> 甲亢和糖尿病均为遗传和自身免疫性疾病,在人体中可同时出现,发生率约为3.2～3.8％。一、甲亢合并糖尿病的病因甲状腺激素分泌过多不仅促进机体能量代谢和生热,同时也加速了蛋白质、糖、脂肪以及电解质代谢,尤其表现在糖代谢方面,由于甲状腺激素的增加:(1) 增加机体周圈组织中葡萄糖的吸收,这样可在非糖肾病患者中造成食后血糖增高,糖耐量减退,甚至部分甲亢病人出现尿糖阳性;(2) 甲状腺激素能增强儿茶酚胺的活性,可使胰岛素的释放受到抑     

丹红注射液干预糖尿病性神经变性病变研究概述

糖尿病(DM)是一组以慢性血葡萄糖(简称血糖)水平增高为特征的疾病群。持续高血糖引起机体组织的代谢紊乱,引起多系统慢性损害,其中以心血管、周围神经系统的慢性并发症为主要表现。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…