VSRR手术与Bentall手术近期疗效的安全性评价:倾向性评分匹配对比的应用

目的利用倾向性评分匹配对比法均衡保留瓣叶的主动脉根部置换术(VSRR手术)与带主动脉瓣人工血管升主动脉替换术(Bentall手术)手术治疗的混杂因素,评价2种术式围手术期安全性的差异。方法选取2005年9月—2015年9月在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院心外科九病房行主动脉根部手术患者186例,其中VSRR手术48例(VSRR组),Bentall手术138例(Bentall组),进行Logistic回归计算倾向性评分,利用倾向性评分匹配对比研究的方法,找出与VSRR手术最匹配的48例进行对比研究。根据2组手术的术中、术后数据,评价VSRR手术相对于Bentall手术的安全性和适用性。结果 VSRR组手术时间长于Bentall组[(6.8±1.9)h vs.(5.7±2.1)h,t=2.691,P=0.00],主动脉阻断时间长于Bentall组[(154.4±42.0)min vs.(131.6±46.1)min,t=2.533,P=0.013],驻重症监护室(ICU)时间短于Bentall组[(34.5±38.6)h vs.(37.5±21.1)h,t=0.472,P=0.634],但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);VSRR组主动脉瓣跨瓣平均压差低于Bentall组[(9.56±6.51)mmHg vs.(13.07±7.53)mmHg,t=2.443,P=0.016],主动脉瓣跨瓣峰值压差低于Bentall组[(18.0±2.11)mmHg vs.(23.37±11.80)mmHg,t=3.104,P=0.003];术后患者超声心动图检查主动脉瓣关闭不全发生率,VSRR组(10.5%)与Bentall组(2.1%)差异亦无统计学意义(χ~2=3.422,P=0.331);VSRR组病死率(4.2%)低于Bentall组(2.1%),但差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.344,P=1.000),术后并发症(心律失常、二次开胸止血、手术后感染、神经系统并发症、急性肾功能衰竭等)发生率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.042,P=0.837),VSRR组与Bentall组在围手术期生存率与不良事件率差异无统计学意义。结论经倾向性评分匹配对比法均衡后,保留瓣叶的主动脉根部置换手术与带主动脉瓣人工血管升主动脉替换手术在围手术期生存率、不良事件发生率、超声心动图检查等均无明显差异。     

微创小切口在心脏直视手术中的应用

目的分析微创小切口行心脏直视手术的可行性及应用前景。方法采用微创小切口施行心脏直视手术21例,其中二尖瓣置换手术6例,二尖瓣成形手术3例,房间隔缺损修补手术2例,室间隔缺损修补手术5例,左房黏液瘤摘除手术2例,动脉导管未闭结扎手术2例,冠心病搭桥手术1例。结果本组病例手术均获得成功,术后无明显并发症发生。体外循环时间(40.3±12.5)min,主动脉阻断时间(26.4±11.3)min,术后气管插管时间(5.1±2.2)h,术后住院时间(7.1±3.6)d。结论微创小切口手术较传统正中开胸手术具有创伤小、恢复快、不破坏胸廓连续性、避免术后胸骨畸形、美容效果好等优点,值得临床进一步研究及应用。     

微创技术在体外循环心脏手术中的应用104例临床分析

目的观察微创技术在体外循环心脏手术中的应用.方法从2012年9月至2014年8月,共选择104例心脏外科手术患者,包括:房间隔缺损修补14例、房间隔缺损修补+三尖瓣成形25例、二尖瓣修复8例、二尖瓣置换44例、主动脉瓣置换11例、二尖瓣+主动脉瓣置换2例.房间隔缺损及二尖瓣病变采用右胸小切口、外周体外循环、胸腔镜辅助完成心内操作;主动脉瓣置换8例采用右胸骨旁小切口和3例采用胸骨上段小切口中心体外循环完成.除3例胸骨上段小切口用传统方式建立体外循环外,其余101例均采用外周体外循环,经股动脉及股静脉插管建立CPB,25例采用颈内静脉插管.CPB采用浅低温、中流量灌注,应用VAVD(负压控制在(-30~-60 mm H),连续血气监测及超滤.Chitwoodg阻闭钳阻闭升主动脉阻断循环,升主动脉根部灌注心肌停跳保护液.心内操作使用微创器械完成与常规手术相同的步骤.结果 104例患者CPB时间46~209(118.1±25.6)min,升主动脉阻断时间29~145(55.7±22.8)min,术后呼吸机辅助时间4~17(11.1±4.3)h,术后24 h引流量50~680(232.6±194.5)m L.术后ICU时间3~56(12.3±8.33)h,术后住院时间4~16(12.1±4.5)d.术后早期心胸比率,左心房内径,左心室内径,左室射血分数与术前相比均有不同程度改善,心功能Ⅰ级49例,Ⅱ级53例,Ⅲ级2例,明显好于术前.1例髂静脉损伤予修补,2例胸膜严重粘连无法分离转正中开胸,1例再次开胸止血,全组术后均恢复顺利,无死亡.随访1~23月,随访率98%(102/104),无远期死亡,症状心功能均明显改善,生活满意度高.结论微创技术在体外循环心脏手术中的应用,具有切口小、创伤小、安全性高、恢复快和不影响美观等特点,在特定的病例中可获得良好的手术效果.     

电视胸腔镜下室间隔缺损修补术的临床研究

目的比较胸腔镜与开胸室间隔缺损修补术的疗效。方法将入选的54例先天性心脏病室间隔缺损患者根据其意愿分为两组胸腔镜组32例,采用右侧胸壁打3个小孔(直径1~2cm),股动脉、静脉、上腔静脉插管建立体外循环,阻闭升主动脉,冷晶体心脏停跳液顺行灌注保护心肌,全胸腔镜下行室间隔缺损修补手术;常规开胸组22例,采用胸骨正中切口,常规体外循环、心肌保护技术,直视行室间隔缺损修补手术。结果两组均无死亡。胸腔镜组与开胸组体外循环时间分别为(78±29)min和(73±25)min、升主动脉阻闭时间分别为(27±13)min和(25±12)min、术后呼吸机辅助时间分别为(3.6±1.3)h和(3.5±1.2)h,两组比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05),术后胸液引流量分别为(36±19)mL和(68±28)mL(P<0.01),术后住院时间分别为(5.8±1.10)d和(6.9±2.3)d(P<0.05)。结论全胸腔镜微创手术治疗室间隔缺损创伤小,恢复快,美容效果好,安全可靠。     

单一胸骨上段小切口行全弓置换手术的体外循环管理

目的探讨采用单一胸骨上段第4肋间小切口行主动脉弓部置换手术的体外循环管理的可行性与安全性。方法回顾分析2016年5月至2018年4月共153例行主动脉弓部置换手术的患者,其中男性115例,女性38例。根据手术方式分为胸骨上段小切口组(UHS组,n=73)和传统切口组(FS组,n=80)。UHS组采用经单一胸骨上段第4肋间小切口完成手术; FS组采用胸骨正中切口完成手术,记录两组围术期各种参数。结果两组患者均顺利完成手术,术中UHS组停循环时间显著长于FS组[(34.9±8.2) min vs.(32.5±6.0) min,P 0.05];术后呼吸机辅助时间(31.3±8.7) h vs.(42.9±10.2) h,P 0.05]和ICU停留时间[(51.3±19.2) h vs.(71.2±29.8) h,P 0.05]UHS组显著少于FS组。其余各临床指标两组间无显著差异。结论经胸骨上段小切口行主动脉弓部置换手术的体外循环管理安全、可行,该手术可能有利于患者术后尽快恢复。     

直视微创二次心脏手术早中期疗效及安全性评估

目的初步总结微创直视手术在二次心脏手术中临床应用的疗效及安全性。方法 2012年6月—2015年2月在二次心脏手术中共完成微创直视手术21例。其中男10例,女11例;平均年龄(49.4±18.3)岁,平均体质量指数(BMI)(24.9±7.5)kg/m~2。二次手术原因:二尖瓣机械瓣卡瓣或瓣周漏9例,主动脉瓣机械瓣卡瓣或瓣周漏2例,三尖瓣关闭不全7例,室间隔修补术后残余漏3例。手术均在股动静脉插管体外循环下完成。结果本组无1例转为传统胸正中切口开胸手术。手术时间(4.4±1.3)h,体外循环时间(108.0±80.6)min,其中心脏不停跳下完成手术16例,其余5例为主动脉阻断后手术,气管插管时间(24.7±12.3)h,ICU时间(27.0±10.8)h,手术后住院时间(7.3±3.1)d;术后第1天引流量784(314~2 790)ml,无围术期死亡病例,亦无明显并发症发生。出院时心功能1级12例,2级6例,3级2例,4级1例。随访时间为(18.9±7.8)月,随访期间无术后死亡病例,亦无明显重大不良事件。结论微创直视手术在二次心脏手术中的近期手术效果良好,手术安全性高,适用于常见二次心脏手术;其创伤小,开胸简化,具有并发症和病死率低等特点。     

右前外侧切口的心内直视手术

目的探讨经右前外侧切口行心内直视手术的手术要点及适应证。方法48例经选择的病人使用该切口。切口位于第3至第5肋间。切除切口上位肋软骨。主动脉插管插于主动脉侧壁。心脏自身手术操作与胸骨正中切口中相应的操作相同。结果女性和男性病人切口长度分别为(10.3±2.2)cm,(10.6±3.2)cm转流时间为(61.3±25.1)min,停跳时间为(49.5±19.2)min,术后总引流量为(410±125)ml。除1例主动脉瓣手术病人外,其余病人均显露良好。结论对可经右房或房间沟入路完成的心脏手术,右前外侧切口是一个满意的手术切口。     

胸骨上段小切口心脏瓣膜置换术的临床研究

目的总结经胸骨上段小切口行主动脉瓣或二尖瓣置换术的临床经验,并评价其安全性和疗效。方法选取经胸骨上段小切口行主动脉瓣或二尖瓣置换术的9例瓣膜性心脏病患者为微创组;选择同期经胸骨正中切口进行相应手术的9例患者为传统组。比较两组患者的临床资料,评价经胸骨上段小切口心脏瓣膜置换术的安全性和疗效。结果微创组9例患者手术全部成功,其中主动脉瓣置换术7例(2例使用生物瓣),二尖瓣置换术1例,二尖瓣置换+三尖瓣成形+主动脉瓣环扩大+主动脉瓣置换术1例,植入主动脉瓣膜型号19～25 mm,无1例延长手术切口。术后无死亡患者,无出血及胸部切口愈合不良,术后出现右侧胸腔积气和右侧胸腔积液各1例,均经胸腔引流后治愈出院。与传统组相比,微创组手术时间、体外循环(CPB)时间和主动脉阻断(ACC)时间稍延长(P 0. 05),但并不延长术后呼吸机辅助时间和ICU入住时间(P 0. 05),且术后引流量和总输血量减少(P 0. 05),皮肤切口长度及术后住院时间缩短(P 0. 05)。两组患者术后并发症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。微创组患者术后随访1～13个月,心脏彩超提示人工瓣膜未见明显异常,心功能恢复至Ⅰ级。结论经胸骨上段小切口行主动脉瓣或二尖瓣置换术可以取得与经胸骨正中切口同样的效果,但创伤更小,失血和输血更少,术后恢复更快。     

经右前外侧切口的心内直视手术

目的 :探讨经右前外侧切口行心内直视手术的手术要点及适应证。方法 :48例经选择的病人使用该切口。切口位于第 3至第 5肋间。切除切口上位肋软骨。主动脉插管插于主动脉侧壁。心脏自身手术操作与胸骨正中切口中相应的操作相同。结果 :女性和男性病人切口长度分别为 (10 .3± 2 .2 )cm ,(10 .6± 3.2 )cm转流时间为 (6 1.3± 2 5 .1)min ,停跳时间为 (4 9.5± 19.2 )min ,术后总引流量为 (4 10± 12 5 )ml。除 1例主动脉瓣手术病人外 ,其佘病人均显露良好。结论 :对可经右房或房间沟入路完成的心脏手术 ,右前外侧切口是一个满意的手术切口。     

胸骨上段J型小切口主动脉瓣置换

目的：探索微创胸骨上段J型小切口行主动脉瓣置换术的安全可行性以及临床优势。方法：回顾性分析20例胸骨上段J型小切口行主动脉瓣置换和同期20例传统胸骨正中切口主动脉瓣置换术患者资料,对比两组术中升主动脉阻断时间,转机时间,手术时间、术后引流量、胸管拔除时间、术后拔出气管插管时间、术后出院时间以及住院费用。结果：两组均无手术死亡,两组术中升主动脉阻断时间、体外循环时间及手术时间无显著性差异。与传统正中切口相比,胸骨上段J型小切口术后第1天引流量及术后总引流量减少,胸管拔除时间更早,术后拔出气管插管时间更早,术后住院天数明显缩短,住院整体费用明显降低。结论：胸骨上段J型小切口主动脉瓣置换术是安全可行的手术方式。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.