应用N-乙酰半胱氨酸对冠心病合并糖尿病的患者发生造影剂肾病的预防作用

目的探讨N-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）对冠心病合并糖尿病的患者发生造影剂肾病的预防作用。方法选取行冠脉造影或介入治疗的合并糖尿病的冠心病患者80例,随机分为对照组、NAC组。对照组给予0.9%生理盐水水化治疗,NAC组联合水化治疗给予NAC口服,比较造影前、造影后48 h、5 d血肌酐（SCr）、尿素氮（BUN）、尿β2微球蛋白（β2-MG）、尿N-乙酰β-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）及造影剂肾病发生率等。结果 NAC组造影后SCr、BUN、β2-MG、NAG等指标优于对照组,差异存在统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论对合并糖尿病的冠心病患者NAC联合水化治疗预防造影剂肾病优于生理盐水水化治疗。     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸预防老年急性心肌梗死患者 PCI 术后造影剂肾病的临床研究

目的 探讨N-乙酰半胱氨酸在预防老年（年龄≥60岁）急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者急诊经皮冠状动脉内介入治疗术（PCI）后造影剂肾病（CIN）中的作用.方法 以2010年2月～2012年5月在北海市人民医院住院行急诊PCI的109例老年AMI患者为研究对象,随机分为水化＋N-乙酰半胱氨酸治疗组（观察组,n=55）和水化＋安慰剂治疗组（对照组,n=54）.两组均同时予水化治疗,观察组在入院后即刻口服N-乙酰半胱氨酸泡腾片1200 mg,术后3d,口服N-乙酰半胱氨酸泡腾片1200 mg,2次/d;对照组则于相应的时间给予安慰剂治疗.术后24、48、72 h测定两组患者血清尿素氮（BUN）、血清肌酐（Scr）、肾小球滤过率（GFR）水平.结果 观察组出现CIN 5例;而对照组发生CIN 14例,两组CIN发生率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组血管再通时间、支架数、造影剂用量比较[（6.25±l.82）min、（1.93±0.87）个、（158.7±36.2）mL比（6.78±l.63）min、（1.78±0.58）个、（150.9±33.2）mL],差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;观察组术后72 h BUN、Scr[（8.23±2.37）mmol/L、（110.50±17.21）μmol/L]低于对照组[（9.47±3.90）mmol/L、（122.66±19.91） μmol/L],GFR高于对照组[（69.09±19.03）mL/min比（60.12±24.57）mL/min],差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 N-乙酰半胱氨酸应用于老年急诊PCI患者可减少CIN的发生,有效保护患者肾功能,值得进一步研究.     

阿托伐他汀与N-乙酰半胱氨酸预防PCI术后造影剂肾病的效果比较

目的:比较阿托伐他汀与N-乙酰半胱氨酸对冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后造影剂肾病的预防效果。方法:将150例冠心病患者随机分为阿托伐他汀治疗组(50例),N-乙酰半胱氨酸治疗组(50例)和对照组(50例)。在充分水化治疗的基础上,阿托伐他汀组在PCI术前1 d口服阿托伐他汀80 mg,PCI术后每天口服阿托伐他汀40 mg,持续3 d;N-乙酰半胱氨酸组在PCI术前1 d分两次服用N-乙酰半胱氨酸泡腾片1 200 mg,术后连续服用3 d;对照组不做进一步处理。然后分别测定并比较3组患者造影前及造影后24 h、48 h、72 h的血肌酐(Scr)和造影剂肾病(CIN)的发生率。结果:术后72 h两治疗组Scr增加值及CIN的发生率均明显低于对照组(P<0.05),其中阿托伐他汀治疗组Scr增加值及CIN的发生率明显低于N-乙酰半胱氨酸治疗组(P<0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀及N-乙酰半胱氨酸对冠心病患者PCI术后造影剂肾病的发生都有一定的预防保护作用,阿托伐他汀的预防保护作用更明显。     

益气通淋胶囊联合氯沙坦治疗早期糖尿病肾病效果观察

目的：观察益气通淋胶囊联合氯沙坦治疗早期糖尿病肾病的临床效果。方法将100例早期糖尿病肾病患者随机分为两组,各50例。对照组给予氯沙坦治疗,观察组加用益气通淋胶囊治疗。治疗8周后,比较两组治疗前后尿素氮（ BUN）、血肌酐（ SCr）、尿蛋白排泄率（ UAER）、尿β2微球蛋白（β2-MG）、24 h尿蛋白定量（24 h PRO）水平变化。结果两组患者治疗前BUN、SCr、UAER、β2-MG、24 h PRO水平比较差异均无统计学意义（ P ＞0．05）,治疗后BUN无明显变化（ P ＞0．05）;治疗后观察组 SCr、UAER、β2-MG和24 h PRO均较治疗前下降（ P ＜0．05）,对照组UAER和24 h PRO较治疗前下降（ P ＜0．05）;两组治疗后比较,观察组SCr、UAER、β2-MG和24 h PRO均低于对照组（ P＜0．05或P ＜0．01）。结论益气通淋胶囊联合氯沙坦治疗早期糖尿病肾病临床效果显著,可减轻肾功能损害,较单用氯沙坦效果更明显。     

血清中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白检测在造影剂肾病诊断中的临床意义

目的：探讨血清中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（NGAL ）检测在造影剂肾病（CIN ）诊断中的意义。方法选取广东省中医院各院区IC U、心血管科、泌尿外科等接受造影技术诊治的患者299例,检测患者空腹血糖、血脂等,记录其基本临床资料。采集患者在造影前及造影后第1、2、6天的血样,分析患者各时间点的血清肌酐（SCr）、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C（CysC）和NGAL水平。以造影后24～48 h SCr水平升高44μmol／L或较基础值上升25％以上患者为CIN ,分析血清NGAL检测在不同时间点的变化趋势。结果299例受检患者中,共发生CIN 28例,发病率为9．36％。其中患有糖尿病的患者中CIN发病率为16．21％（12／74）,无糖尿病的患者发病率为7．11％（16／225）。与造影前比较,CIN患者SCr和CysC在造影后2 d明显升高,到第6天恢复到造影前水平;血清NGAL水平在造影后1 d就明显升高,与造影前比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,在第6天仍处于较高水平。结论血清NGAL水平在造影剂使用后1 d就可较好地预测CIN ,其预测时间早于SCr和CysC ,可用于CIN的早期诊断。     

曲美他嗪对肾功能不全患者对比剂肾病的预防作用

目的：探讨肾功能不全患者应用曲美他嗪（TMZ）预防对比剂肾病（CIN）的临床疗效。方法：本研究为前瞻性随机对照临床试验,连续入选124例拟行冠状动脉造影或冠状动脉介入术患者,基础血清肌酐（Scr）＞103μoml/L,随机分为2组：TMZ组（n=64）和对照组（n=60）。TMZ组于造影前48 h给予TMZ片20 mg,每天3次,术后服用7 d。所有患者均于术前及术后接受常规水化治疗,观察患者术前、术后24 h、48 h、7 d的Scr水平。结果：①2组患者术后24 h Scr水平差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;②TMZ组术后48 h、7 d的Scr水平明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）;③TMZ组CIN的发生率为3.1%,对照组为16.7%,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：TMZ联合水化治疗与单独水化治疗相比,能减少肾功能不全患者CIN的发生率。     

不同剂量阿托伐他汀对老年急性冠状动脉综合征患者hs- CRP、Hcy水平的影响及安全性观察

目的：比较不同剂量阿托伐他汀对老年急性冠状动脉综合征（ACS）患者超敏C反应蛋白（hs- CRP）、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平的影响及安全性。方法选择老年ACS患者162例,分为A组（阿托伐他汀20mg/d）、B组（阿托伐他汀40mg/d）、C组（阿托伐他汀80mg/d）,各54例,所有患者分别于入院后24 h内和服药后4周、12周采血测定hs- CRP、Hcy、TG、TC、HDL- C、LDL- C。入院后24 h内和服药后12周清晨空腹采静脉血,测定ALT、肌酸激酶（CK）、血肌酐（SCr）水平。结果3组患者治疗后TC、LDL- C、TG水平均较治疗前下降（P＜0.05或0.01）,B、C组患者治疗后第12周HDL- C水平较治疗前升高（P＜0.05）。与A组比较,B组在治疗第4周时LDL- C水平降低,第12周时TC、LDL- C水平降低（P＜0.05）,C组在治疗第4、12周时TC、LDL- C、TG水平均降低（P＜0.05或0.01）,治疗第12周时HDL- C水平升高（P＜0.05）。治疗后3组患者hs- CRP、Hcy水平均较治疗前下降（P＜0.05或0.01）,与A组比较,B、C组在治疗第4、12周时hs- CRP、Hcy水平均降低（P＜0.05或0.01）。治疗后3组患者ALT、CK、SCr水平均未见明显升高（均P＞0.05）,与A组治疗后第12周比较,B、C组ALT、CK、SCr水平差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论在老年ACS患者中,80mg/d阿托伐他汀治疗是有效且安全的。     

卡托普利对老年冠心病患者造影剂相关肾损害的保护作用

目的观察卡托普利对冠状动脉介入诊疗术后造影剂肾病(CIN)的预防作用。方法选择2011年1月—2012年12月在北京安贞医院行冠状动脉造影或介入治疗的冠心病患者123例,年龄均≥60岁,随机分为对照组64例和干预组59例。2组在水化基础上,分别于应用造影剂前7 d至术后2 d口服安慰剂或卡托普利,观察2组应用造影剂后肾小球功能及CIN的发生情况。结果与造影前相比,对照组和干预组造影后48 h血清肌酐(SCr)水平明显增高,肌酐清除率(CCr)、肾小球滤过率(CFR)则明显降低(P<0.05),但干预组的肾小球功能损伤程度均轻于对照组(P<0.05);造影后72 h,2组上述指标较造影后48 h有明显改善(P<0.05),干预组可基本恢复至造影前水平,但对照组的血清GFR、SCr和CCr与造影前水平比较差异仍有统计学意义(P<0.05),且与干预组比较差异亦有统计学意义(P<0.05)。CIN总发生率为4.87%(6/123),干预组CIN发生率明显低于对照组(3.39%vs 6.25%,P<0.05)。结论造影剂可影响患者的肾小球功能,卡托普利对老年冠心病患者造影剂相关肾损害具有一定的预防保护作用。     

血清半胱蛋白酶抑制素C检测对脑血管造影术患者发生对比剂肾病的诊断价值

目的:探讨半血清胱蛋白酶抑制素C(CysC)对行脑血管造影术患者发生对比剂肾病(CIN)的早期诊断价值。方法:急性缺血性脑卒中使用非离子型造影剂行脑动脉造影以及脑血管介入术患者293例作为研究对象;分别于术前24h内,以及术后8h、24h、48h采血,检测血清肌酐(SCr)、胱蛋白酶抑制素C(CysC)水平。根据患者在造影后48h内是否发生CIN,分为CIN组和非CIN组。比较CIN组和非CIN组各个时间点CysC和SCr水平的变化;应用受试者工作曲线(ROC)比较两种指标对CIN的早期诊断价值。结果:CIN的发生率为8.53%,CIN组造影后24h血浆CysC浓度已明显升高,而血清SCr浓度于造影后48h升高。应用ROC比较发现,CysC曲线下面积优于SCr(0.827vs 0.613,P<0.05),以CysC 1.65mg/L作为诊断CIN的标准,其敏感性为94.7%,特异性为86.9%。结论:造影后24h的血浆CysC浓度对CIN的早期诊断有一定的价值,较SCr更为理想。     

重组人促红细胞生成素对对比剂诱导的大鼠急性肾损伤的保护作用

目的探讨重组人促红细胞生成素（rhEPO）对对比剂诱导的大鼠急性肾损伤的保护作用。方法 SD大鼠40只,随机分为空白对照组、实验对照组、模型组、rhEPO 1组[造模前3天注射rhEPO 3 000 IU/（kg.d）]、rhEPO 2组[造模前3天注射rhEPO 600 IU/（kg.d）],观察造模前、造模后48、72 h血清肌酐（Scr）及尿素氮（BUN）的变化,观察肾脏病理标本。结果模型组注射对比剂后48 h和72 h Scr均较注射前升高大于25%;与空白对照组比较,模型组、rhEPO1组、rhEPO 2组造影后48、72 h Scr、BUN均明显上升（P〈0.05）;与模型组比较,rhEPO 1组、rhEPO 2组造影后48、72 h Scr、BUN均有明显下降（P〈0.05）,肾组织损害较模型组明显减轻。与rhEPO 2组比较,rhEPO 1组Scr、BUN降低更明显（P〈0.05）。结论重组促红细胞生成素对对比剂诱导的大鼠急性肾损伤有保护作用,大剂量rhEPO保护作用优于小剂量。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Analysis of CK-19,PDX-1,Nestin,Ngn3 in different donor islet purity in rats

Objective: To investigate if there are the CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells in the donor islets of different purity in rats. Methods: Thirty male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Islets were isolated using digestion by ductal injection of collagenase. Group Ⅰ (n=10): Separating cell preparations were not purified, Group Ⅱ(n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% Ficoll400 ,Group Ⅲ (n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% and 11% Ficoll-400. The levels of protein of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin and Ngn3 were detected by immunohistochemistry and the mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 was amplified by RT-PCR. Results: After two different purification methods applied, three islet preparations of different purities were obtained. The difference of islet purity was significant among various groups (P＜0.05). Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the protein and mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin,Ngn3 were both higher in group Ⅰ; group Ⅲ was poorly expressed. Conclusions: The three different islet purity donor islet have different CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells within them, indicating that there are some islet stem cells in the purified donor islet.     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.