芩丹胶囊降压作用及其机制的实验研究

目的：观察芩丹胶囊对自发性高血压大鼠（spontaneous hypertensive rat，SHR）的降压作用和对血浆内皮素（ET）、降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）、血浆和血管组织中血管紧张素II（Ang II）含量的影响，并探讨可能的降压机制。方法：将40只SHR均分为5组：芩丹胶囊大剂量组、小剂量组、牛黄降压胶囊组、卡托普利组和模型组，8只Wistar Kyoto（WKY）大鼠作为正常对照组，分别给予相应药物；给药12周后观测各组大鼠血压、血浆ET、CGRP及血浆和肠系膜动脉组织中Ang II的含量。结果：芩丹胶囊大剂量组血压较模型组血压明显降低（P＜0.01），与牛黄降压胶囊组和卡托普利组相比差异无统计学意义（P均＞0.05）；与模型组相比，芩丹胶囊大剂量能够降低SHR血浆ET含量，升高CGRP含量（P均＜0.05），且效果优于牛黄降压胶囊和卡托普利；对血浆Ang II含量无影响（P＞0.05），且能够降低肠系膜血管组织中Ang II含量（P＜0.05）。结论：芩丹胶囊对SHR具有良好的降压作用，其机制可能与对血浆中血管活性肽和局部肾素-血管紧张素系统（RAS）的调节有关。     

地龙降压蛋白对自发性高血压大鼠血管紧张素及内皮素含量的影响

目的：初步探讨地龙降压蛋白对自发性高血压大鼠（spontaneously hypertension rat,SHR）的降压效果及对血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ（angiotensinⅡ,AngⅡ）、内皮素（endothelin,ET）含量的影响。方法：选择16周龄雄性SHR32只随机分为SHR模型组、地龙降压蛋白低剂量组、地龙降压蛋白高剂量组、卡托普利组,同时以同源性Wistar大鼠8只作为正常对照组,药物干预4周。用无创尾动脉套袖法测量大鼠血压;放射免疫分析法测定血浆AngⅡ、ET含量。结果：地龙降压蛋白可明显降低SHR血压;与Wistar组比较,SHR模型组血浆中AngⅡ、ET含量明显升高（P〈0.05）;药物干预后,与SHR模型组比较,地龙降压蛋白高、低剂量组及卡托普立组血浆中AngⅡ、ET水平显著降低（P〈0.05）。结论：地龙降压蛋白对SHR有降压作用,其降压机制可能与降低SHR血浆AngⅡ、ET含量有关。     

中西医结合对自发性高血压大鼠心肌血管紧张素Ⅱ 1型受体mRAN和蛋白表达的影响

目的观察降压胶囊联合尼莫地平对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)的降压作用,并探讨其对大鼠心肌组织血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)1型受体蛋白和mRAN基因表达的影响。方法将66只SHR大鼠随机分为6组,即模型组、降压胶囊大剂量联合尼莫地平组(联合大剂量组)、降压胶囊小剂量联合尼莫地平组(联合小剂量组)、降压胶囊大剂量组(中药大剂量组)、降压胶囊小剂量组(中药小剂量组)、尼莫地平组。连续灌胃8周,每日1次,正常饲料喂食。8周末,动物麻醉取血和分离心脏组织,放射免疫法测定AngⅡ含量,逆转录-多聚酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法测定各组大鼠心肌mRNA的含量,采用Western免疫印迹(Western Blot)法测定各组大鼠心肌AT1R受体的蛋白表达。结果与模型组比较,联合大、小剂量组,中药大、小剂量组和尼莫地平组SHR大鼠血压、血浆AngⅡ含量均显著下降(P0.05或P0.01)。与模型组比较,联合大、小剂量组,中药大剂量组和尼莫地平组对大鼠心肌AT1受体蛋白表达和mRNA基因表达均显著降低(P0.05或P0.01);且联合大、小剂量组对AT1受体蛋白表达及联合大剂量组mRNA基因表达较尼莫地平组显著降低(P0.05或P0.01)。结论降压胶囊联合尼莫地平可抑制血中AngⅡ水平,降低大鼠血压,其治疗机理与抑制心肌AngⅡAT1受体mR-NA含量的增加和降低其蛋白的表达有关,其降低水平和治疗作用优于单纯用中药和单纯用西药。     

复方七芍降压片对SHR血压、心脏的影响

目的 探讨复方七芍降压片的降压效果及作用机制.方法 以12只14周龄正常血压WKY大鼠为阴性对照,设为空白组;60只14周龄自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneously hypertensive rats,SHR)随机分为5组,设为复方七芍降压片高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组、卡托普利组、硫酸氢氯吡格雷片组;分别采用大鼠尾动脉法测血压,现察用药后各组大鼠心脏的形态、颜色、质地、病变特征,测左心宣质量指数.结果 给药4用后,各组治疗前后比较,复方七芍降压片高、中、低剂量组与卡托普利组均能够降低SHR血压,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),其中复方七芍降压片高剂量组疗效显著;均可降低左心室质量指数,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);硫酸氢氯吡格雷片组及空白组时SHR血压无明显影响(P＞0.05).结论 复方七芍降压片能有效降低SHR血压、逆转左心室肥厚.     

加味镇眩颗粒对高血压大鼠心肌基质金属蛋白酶-2和微血管密度的影响

目的 观察加味镇眩颗粒对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、心肌基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)表达水平和微血管密度(MVD)的影响.方法 将50只SHR大鼠随机分为加味镇眩颗粒高剂量组、加味镇眩颗粒中剂量组、加味镇眩颗粒低剂量组、卡托普利组、SHR对照组,经过12周的干预,分别测定动物血压变化,血浆Ang Ⅱ含量、免疫组织化学法检测心肌MMP-2蛋白表达水平、心肌微血管密度.结果 治疗组均可降低SHR血压、血浆Ang Ⅱ含量、心肌MMP-2蛋白表达水平.增加SHR心肌微血管密度.与SHR组相比差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),中药组中,加味镇眩颗粒高剂量组效果最好.与卡托普利组相比,高剂量组在12周末降压效果相当(P>0.05),且更能降低心肌MMP-2蛋白表达水平(P<0.05),增加SHR心肌微血管密度(P<0.05).结论 加味镇眩颗粒可降低SHR血压,可能与降低血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ含量,下调心肌MMP-2蛋白表达水平,改善SHR大鼠心肌微血管稀疏的作用有关.     

血府逐瘀汤干预自发性高血压大鼠胸主动脉重建

目的:探讨血府逐瘀汤对自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneously hypertension rat,SHR)血管重建的干预作用.方法:20周龄SHR 42只,随机分成四组:对照组(Ⅰ组)、生理盐水组(Ⅱ组)、络活喜组(Ⅲ组)、络活喜 血府逐瘀汤组(Ⅳ组).分别将Ⅰ组及灌胃治疗8周后的Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组及Ⅳ组大鼠测压,处死后取胸主动脉,检测各指标变化,并与Wistar大鼠比较.结果:与Wistar大鼠比,SHR的血压显著升高,胸主动脉壁厚、壁厚/内径、管壁面积均显著增大,内皮素-1(ET-1)mRNA、基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)mRNA的相对表达水平明显增高(P＜0.01).治疗8周后,Ⅲ组及Ⅳ组血压明显下降;各组间动脉壁形态结构比较无明显差异.与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ组胸主动脉ET-1、MMP-3基因的相对表达水平升高(P＜0.01或P＜0.05);与Ⅱ组比,Ⅲ组与Ⅳ组胸主动脉ET-1、MMP-3基因的相对表达水平均降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),且Ⅳ组的变化更明显.结论:血府逐瘀汤可通过非降压作用影响ET-1及MMP-3的基因表达而干预高血压血管重建.     

中药复方配伍酪蛋白水解物对自发性高血压大鼠的降压作用及机制

目的考察中药复方(CHC)配伍酪蛋白水解物(CH)对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)的降压作用,并探讨其降压机制。方法将SHR分为模型组、CHC-CH药物低、中、高剂量组和阳性对照组及正常对照组,每天灌胃给药1次,每2周测量各组大鼠血压,连续给药28 d后,检测血清一氧化氮(NO)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、内皮素-1(ET-1)含量及肝脏中血管紧张素原(AGT)mRNA的表达水平。结果与模型组比较,CHC-CH中、高剂量组血压显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),CHC-CH中、高剂量组血清中AngⅡ和ET-1水平显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),CHC-CH中、高剂量组和阳性对照组血清中NO显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),CHC-CH中、高剂量组和阳性对照组肝脏AGT的mRNA相对表达量显著下降,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论中药复方配伍酪蛋白水解物有显著降压作用,其降压的作用机制可能为抑制肝脏AGT mRNA的表达从而减少血管紧张素的生成。     

苦豆子总碱对自发性高血压大鼠动脉血压影响

目的 :探讨苦豆子总碱(total alkaloid of Sophora alopecuroides,TASA)降低自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)动脉血压的机制。方法 :(1)将42只16周龄的SHR随机分为SHR模型对照组、TASA组和5组拮抗剂(左旋硝基精氨酸、甲烯蓝、维拉帕米、普萘洛尔和吲哚美辛)组;另取8只同周龄Wistar大鼠作为正常对照组。TASA组:股静脉注射TASA(2、4和8 mg·kg~(-1));拮抗剂组:先分别注射对血压无影响的阻滞剂后,再给TASA(8 mg·kg~(-1));SHR组和正常组注射等量生理盐水。经颈总动脉插管记录各组给药前后的动脉血压。(2)颈动脉血压记录30 min以后,抽取正常组、SHR组和TASA组大鼠的血液2 mL,提取血清,以酶联免疫法测定各组NO、ET-1和AngⅡ的含量。结果 :(1)TASA能显著降低SHR的血压,并具有量效依赖性(SBP:r=0.83,t=56.52,P0.01;DBP:r=0.78,t=45.92,P0.01;MAP:r=0.83,t=54.43,P0.01)。维拉帕米、左旋硝基精氨酸和甲烯蓝可明显抑制TASA(8 mg/kg)的降压效应(P0.01);而吲哚美辛、普萘洛尔对TASA的作用无影响。(2)SHR组的ET-1和AngⅡ明显高于正常组,而NO低于正常组(P0.05);TASA组的ET-1和AngⅡ显著低于SHR组,而NO则高于SHR组(P0.05)。结论 :TASA降低SHR血压与其恢复血管内皮细胞功能释放NO的增多和减少细胞钙内流有关。     

阿托伐他汀对自发性高血压大鼠血压的影响

目的:观察阿托伐他汀对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血压的影响,初步探讨其调节血压的机制。方法:SHR(n=12)随机分为SHR对照组、阿托伐他汀治疗组,同龄WKY大鼠(n=6)作为正常血压对照组,灌胃给药6周。采用尾袖法测量大鼠尾动脉收缩压,硝酸还原酶法测定血清NO浓度,化学比色法检测NOS活性和ROS活性,放免分析法测定心肌AngⅡ含量,透射电镜观察主动脉内皮超微结构改变。结果:阿托伐他汀治疗6周后,SHR治疗组SBP明显下降(P<0.01);心肌AngⅡ浓度明显下降(P<0.05);血清NO浓度和主动脉NOS活性明显增高(P<0.01,P<0.05),血清ROS水平明显降低(P<0.05)并明显改善SHR主动脉内皮的超微结构改变。结论:阿托伐他汀可降低SHR血压,可能是通过增加主动脉NOS活性,升高血清NO含量,减少ROS生成,改善血管内皮功能而发挥降低血压作用。     

培补二天膏对老年自发性高血压大鼠血管形态及一氧化氮、血管紧张素Ⅱ的影响

【目的】观察培补二天膏对老年自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血压及血管的影响。【方法】将50只SHR大鼠随机分为模型组,西药对照组,膏方低、中、高剂量组,每组10只;另将10只Wistar京都大鼠(WKY)作为正常对照组。膏方低、中、高剂量组给予培补二天膏混悬液(对应剂量分别为0.58、1.15、3.46 g·kg^-1·d^-1)灌胃;西药对照组给予厄贝沙坦混悬液(剂量为10.13 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)灌胃;模型组与正常对照组给予同体积蒸馏水灌胃。共4周,期间每周监测收缩压(SBP)。给药结束后,测血清一氧化氮(NO)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)含量,苏木素-伊红染色(HE)观察胸主动脉组织病理改变。【结果】(1)实验过程中,模型组SBP始终高于正常对照组(P<0.01);膏方各剂量组及西药对照组干预1~4周后均能降低SBP;与模型组比较,膏方中剂量组治疗4周降压明显(P<0.01),膏方高剂量组与西药对照组治疗1周即出现明显的降压效果(P<0.05)。(2)与正常对照组比较,模型组血清NO含量明显下降,AngⅡ含量明显升高(均P<0.05);与模型组比较,膏方高剂量组NO含量明显升高,AngⅡ含量明显降低(均P<0.05),西药对照组AngⅡ含量降低明显(P<0.05)。(3)胸主动脉组织病理HE染色结果显示:SHR大鼠胸主动脉形态学明显改变;膏方各剂量组及西药对照组均可改善SHR大鼠胸主动脉形态学变化。【结论】培补二天膏可有效降压及保护血管,其作用可能是通过调节血液中AngⅡ和NO的水平来实现。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.