艾塞那肽联合二甲双胍治疗口服降糖药控制不佳的2型糖尿病疗效观察

目的 观察艾塞那肽联合二甲双胍治疗对口服降糖药(OAD)控制不佳的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的临床疗效.方法 31例既往使用OAD控制不佳的T2DM患者,改用艾塞那肽联合二甲双胍治疗3个月,观察治疗前后空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、体重、体质指数(BMI)、C-肽(空腹及餐后2h)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的变化.结果 治疗后FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、体重、BMI、TC、TG、LDL-C均有明显下降(P均＜0.01).C-肽(空腹及餐后2h)未发现明显变化(P＞0.05).低血糖发生率为3.23％.结论 艾塞那肽联合二甲双胍能有效地控制T2DM患者的血糖,减轻体重,且发生低血糖的风险低.     

西格列汀联合预混胰岛素治疗2型糖尿病的效果及其对血糖波动的影响

目的 探讨西格列汀联合预混胰岛素对2型糖尿病(T2DM)的疗效及对血糖波动的影响.方法 选取2014年6月至2015年6月该院内分泌科T2DM患者60例,将其分为对照组和观察组(各30例),对照组给予门冬胰岛素30注射液治疗,观察组给予西格列汀联合门冬胰岛素30注射液治疗,检测患者治疗前后空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血清C肽(FCP)、餐后2hC肽(2 h CP)、HOMA胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、HOMA胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-HBCI)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL).结果 治疗后,观察组FPG、2 hPG和HbA1c水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);观察组2 hCP水平高于对照组,LDL水平和HOMA-IR值均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);观察组午餐前1h、晚餐前1h、早餐后3h、午餐后3h和晚餐后3h血糖水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 西格列汀联合预混胰岛素对T2DM具有更好的降血糖作用,且患者的血糖更为稳定.     

2型糖尿病肾病与脂代谢紊乱关系的探讨

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者糖尿病肾病(DN)与脂代谢紊乱的关系.方法检测了51例2型DM 并发DN患者的空腹血脂、载脂蛋白水平、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹C肽、餐后2hC肽,与无DN的T2DM患者及正常人比较.结果 T2DM无DN组和DN组的甘油三脂(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)、HbA1c、FPG显著高于正常对照组,同时DN组的TG、TC、PG 、HbA1c显著高于T2DM无肾病组.C肽测定值与24h尿微量白蛋白排泄水平(UAER)呈显著负相关性.结论脂代谢紊乱是影响2型糖尿病肾病发生发展的一项独立危险因素为防止T2DM患者DN的发生,除应重视控制血糖外,还应该注意血脂的控制.     

艾塞那肽治疗2型糖尿病疗效观察

目的 探讨艾塞那肽对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的血糖、体质量、胰岛功能等的影响.方法 将50例T2DM患者分为两组,分别应用艾塞那肽(27例)和传统方案(23例)治疗,在用药3个月后,观察空腹和餐后血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、低血糖发生率、体质量变化、血糖波动及胰岛功能情况.结果 与对照组相比,艾塞那肽组的空腹和餐后血糖、HbA1c、体质量均明显下降(均P＜0.05),低血糖发生率低.结论 艾塞那肽可明显改善T2DM患者的血糖及胰岛功能,降低HBA1c,使血糖达标,同时还可持续降低体质量,尤其对于初诊肥胖患者疗效显著.     

2型糖尿病患者抑郁情绪对血糖控制的影响

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者抑郁情绪对血糖控制的影响.方法 应用Zung抑郁自评量表(SDS)评估抑郁情况,276例T2DM患者分为SDS≥53分(A组)、SDS＜53分(B组).比较两组糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖(FPG)及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)等,分析T2DM患者血糖控制的影响因素.结果 T2DM患者SDS标准分与HbA1c呈正相关(r=0.26,P＜0.05).多元回归分析显示T2DM患者SDS标准分与HbA1c仍相关(β=0.30,t=5.1,P＜0.05).A组HbA1c水平高于B组(t=3.685,P＜0.05);当校正性别、年龄、受教育程度等因素后,A组HbA1c仍高于B组(F=47.8,P＜0.05).结论 抑郁情绪不利于T2DM患者血糖控制.     

辛伐他汀对2型糖尿病患者血管脆性的影响

目的 探讨辛伐他汀对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血管脆性的影响.方法 选取2013年10月至2014年3月于安岳县第三人民医院就诊的T2DM患者95例,将其分为观察组(50例,其中2例退出研究)与对照组(45例),均采用联合口服药物或胰岛素强化治疗,将试验开始前1个月内患者血糖和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平控制在空腹血糖小于或等于7.0 mmol/L、HbA1c≤7.0％,并维持在该水平.观察组在此基础上每晚加服辛伐他汀40 mg,观察12个月.测定干预前后血三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平和颈动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT).结果 观察组与对照组干预后空腹血糖、HbA1c、CRP、TG及LDL-C水平与干预前比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P=0.000).观察组干预前后IMT比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.002);而对照组干预前后IMT比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.910).两组干预后空腹血糖和HbA1c水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值分别为0.851、0.646);其余各项指标均观察组低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P=0.000).结论 T2DM患者在无他汀类药物禁忌证的情况下,长期口服他汀类降脂药物对防治动脉粥样硬化及降低血管脆性具有积极作用.     

C肽水平与2型糖尿病周围神经病变的关系研究

目的 探讨C肽水平变化与糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)的关系.方法 根据是否合并DPN将152例住院2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者分为T2DM合并DPN组(DPN组,91例)及单纯T2DM组(T2DM组,61例),测定两组患者的身高、体质量、血压、血脂、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹C肽、糖负荷2 h C肽、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、糖负荷2 h胰岛素(2 hINS),计算体质指数(BMI).比较两组患者上述指标间的差异,采用Logistic回归分析探讨T2DM合并DPN的危险因素.结果 DPN组患者糖负荷2 h C肽及胰岛素水平、BMI均显著低于T2DM组,而病程、HbA1c水平显著高于T2DM组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).多元Logistic回归分析显示,T2DM发生DPN与糖负荷2 h C肽水平呈负相关(P=0.000).结论 糖负荷2 h C肽水平与T2DM发生DPN密切相关,而病程与T2DM发生DPN的关系尚需进一步扩大样本量进行研究.     

2型糖尿病患者腰椎骨密度变化及影响因素分析

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者腰椎骨密度(BMD)的变化及其影响因素.方法 T2DM组137例和对照组130例,测量腰椎L1-4的BMD,同时测定T2DM组的年龄、体质量及T2DM组空腹血糖、餐后2小时血糖、病程、糖化血红蛋白( HbA1c)、血钙、血磷、三酰甘油、总胆固醇等指标,多元回归分析2型糖尿病患者腰椎骨密度的相关因素.结果 糖尿病组腰椎BMD均较对照组显著降低(P＜0.01);T2DM患者随BMI值升高,BMD值也升高(β=0.106,P＜0.05);随病程增加及HbA1c值升高,BMD值缩小(β=-0.032、- 0.033,均P＜0.05);2型糖尿病组骨质疏松发生率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 (1)2型糖尿病组骨质疏松发生率显著高于对照组;(2) T2DM患者随BMI值升高,BMD值升高;随病程增加及HbA1c值升高,BMD缩小.     

DPN患者周围神经传导速度的影响因素及预测价值分析

目的 探讨糖尿病周围神经病变(diabetic peripheral neyropathy,DPN)患者周围神经传导速度的影响因素及影响因素对DPN的预测价值。方法 选取2018年5月~2019年8月于笔者医院内分泌科住院的2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者为研究对象,根据患者是否存在周围神经病变将研究人群分为2型糖尿病合并周围神经病变(DPN)组及单纯2型糖尿病(NDPN)组。采集患者空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹C-肽(FC-P)、餐后2h C-肽(2h C-P)、血脂、尿微量白蛋白(UMA)、肝功能、肾功能等生化指标,并根据相关指标计算血浆渗透压水平(POP);收集肌电图检查中周围神经传导速度进行统计学分析。结果 DPN组患者的年龄、病程、FBG、UMA、HbA1c、POP平均明显高于NDPN组(P<0.05),双侧腓总运动神经传导速度(MCV)、双侧腓肠感觉神经传导速度(SCV)、2h C-P、FC-P明显低于NDPN组(P<0.05)。年龄、HbA1c、2h C-P、UMA是神经传导速度的影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线预测DPN发病风险分析,年龄(AUC:0.700,P=0.000)、2h C-P(AUC:0.763,P=0.000)、HbA1c(AUC:0.673,P=0.000)、UMA(AUC:0.651,P=0.000)。建立多因素Logistic回归模型进行DPN风险预测,根据模型预测P值绘制ROC曲线分析显示,AUC=0.860,诊断的敏感度和特异性分别为93.1%和67.6%。结论 年龄、HbA1c、2h C-P、UMA可以单独预测DPN的发生,根据以上4个因素建立的回归模型较单个因素对DPN的预测价值更高。     

社区2型糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白达标率及影响因素分析

目的 了解社区2型糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)达标率及影响因素,为社区干预提供理论参考.方法 用自设一般资料、相关病史及生活方式问卷对359例社区2型糖尿病患者进行调查,同时行体格检查,抽血行实验室检查,数据采用SPSS17.0进行统计学处理.结果 HbA1c达标率为48.7％;HbA1c达标组与未达标组的并发症与合并症发生率的比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但除高血压、脑血管意外外,HbA1c未达标组的并发症、合并症比率均高于达标组;单因素分析显示,HbA1c达标组和HbA1c未达标组的服药依从性、空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、三酰甘油差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);多元回归分析显示,空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、总胆固醇进入回归方程.结论 社区2型糖尿病患者的HbA1c 达标率有待进一步提高;空腹血糖、餐后血糖及血脂是影响HbA1c水平的主要因素.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.