倒地铃化学成分预实验

目的采用系统预试法对倒地铃全草可能的化学成分进行预实验,初步探索倒地铃的化学成分。方法采用试管反应法、纸反应法,对倒地铃全草水、95%乙醇、石油醚提取物进行研究,通过多种指示剂和显色剂的显色反应或沉淀反应,对倒地铃可能含有的化学成分进行初步研究。结果倒地铃全草可能含有氨基酸、糖、苷类、有机酸、黄酮类、香豆素、内酯类、三萜类、油脂等化学成分。结论初步确定倒地铃含有多种有效成分,为倒地铃的进一步开发利用提供实验基础。     

木薯茎杆及叶化学成分初步研究

目的 采用系统预试法对木薯茎杆及叶部分可能的化学成分进行预实验,初步探索木薯叶及茎的化学成分.方法 采用试管反应法,对木薯茎杆及叶部分的石油醚、水、95%乙醇提取物进行研究,通过多种指示剂和显色剂的沉淀反应或颜色反应,对木薯叶及茎可能含有的化学成分进行初步研究.结果 木薯茎杆及叶中可能含有黄酮类、酚类、糖、香豆素、植物甾醇、三萜类和挥发油等化学成分.结论 初步确定木薯茎杆及叶部分含有多种有效成分,为木薯茎杆及叶部分的进一步开发利用提供了实验基础.     

盘龙参化学成分预实验

目的采用系统预试法对盘龙参可能的化学成分进行预实验,初步探索盘龙参的化学成分。方法采用试管反应法、纸反应法,对盘龙参水、95%乙醇、石油醚提取物进行研究,通过多种指示剂和显色剂的显色反应或沉淀反应,对盘龙参可能含有的化学成分进行初步研究。结果盘龙参可能含有氨基酸、多肽、糖类、鞣质、有机酸、植物甾醇、三萜类、挥发油及油脂类成分、生物碱、黄酮类、酚类、强心苷等成分。结论初步确定盘龙参含有多种有效成分,为进一步研究盘龙参的生物活性成分及开发利用提供了实验基础。     

银合欢种子化学成分预实验

目的采用系统预试法对银合欢种子可能的化学成分进行预实验，初步探索银合欢种子的化学成分。方法采用试管反应法，对银合欢种子的石油醚、水、95％乙醇提取物进行研究，通过多种指示剂和显色剂的沉淀反应或颜色反应，对银合欢种子可能含有的化学成分进行初步研究。结果银合欢种子中可能含有氨基酸、糖、有机酸、皂苷、黄酮类、酚类、强心苷、生物碱和挥发油等化学成分。结论初步确定银合欢种子含有多种有效成分，为银合欢种子的进一步开发利用提供了实验基础。     

壮药龙船花化学成分预实验

目的:采用系统预实验法对龙船花可能的化学成分进行预实验,初步探索龙船花的化学成分。方法:采用试管反应法、纸反应法,分别对龙船花地上部分和地下部分的水、95%乙醇、石油醚提取液进行研究,通过多种指示剂和显色剂的显色反应或沉淀反应,对龙船花可能含有的化学成分进行初步研究。结果:龙船花地上部分和地下部分中均可能含有氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质类、糖、多糖、苷类、有机酸类、酚类、植物甾醇、三萜类、油脂类等类型成分。结论:初步确定龙船花含有多种化学成分,为其进一步开发利用提供参考。     

大叶补血草化学成分预实验

目的采用系统预实验法对大叶补血草根部可能的化学成分进行预实验,初步探索大叶补血草的化学成分。方法采用试管反应法、纸反应法对大叶补血草根部水、95%乙醇和石油醚供试液进行研究,通过多种指示剂和显色剂的颜色反应或沉淀反应,对大叶补血草根部可能含有的化学成分进行初步研究。结果大叶补血草根部可能含有氨基酸、多肽、糖类、皂苷、酚类、鞣质、有机酸、黄酮类、香豆素、内酯类、强心苷、三萜类等化学成分。结论初步确定大叶补血草含有多种化学成分,为其进一步开发利用提供实验依据和参考。     

四种不同品种西瓜藤化学成分预实验

目的采用系统预试法对4种不同品种西瓜藤可能的化学成分进行预实验,初步探索4种不同品种西瓜藤的化学成分。方法采用试管反应法、层析法,对西瓜藤的水、95%乙醇、石油醚提取物进行研究,通过多种指示剂和显色剂的沉淀反应或颜色反应,对4种不同品种西瓜藤可能含有的化学成分进行初步研究。结果 4种不同品种西瓜藤中可能含有糖类、有机酸、皂苷、黄酮类、生物碱、甾体等化学成分。结论初步确定4种不同品种西瓜藤含有多种有效成分,为西瓜藤的进一步开发利用提供了实验基础。     

小花山小橘叶及茎化学成分初步研究

目的 采用系统预试法对小花山小橘叶及茎可能的化学成分进行预实验,初步探索小花山小橘叶及茎的化学成分.方法 采用试管反应法、纸反应法,对小花山小橘叶及茎水、95％乙醇、石油醚提取物进行研究,通过多种指示剂和显色剂的颜色反应或沉淀反应,对小花山小橘叶及茎可能含有的化学成分进行初步研究.结果 小花山小橘叶及茎可能含有氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质、糖、多糖、苷类、酚类、鞣质、有机酸、黄酮、内酯、香豆素、甾体、三萜类、挥发油等化学成分.结论 初步确定小花山小橘叶及茎含有多种化学成分,为小花山小橘叶及茎的进一步开发利用提供了实验基础.     

侗药血藤果化学成分预实验

目的:采用系统预试法对血藤果可能的化学成分进行预实验,初步探索血藤果的化学成分。方法:采用化学反应鉴别方法分别对血藤果的水提取液、乙醇提取液和石油醚提取液、酸性乙醇提取液进行研究,通过多种指示剂和显色剂的沉淀反应或颜色反应,对血藤果可能含有的化学成分进行初步研究。结果:血藤果中可能含有氨基酸、蛋白质、多糖及其苷类、酚类和鞣质、黄酮类、有机酸、花青素类、三萜类、木脂素等化学成分。结论:初步确定血藤果含有多种有效成分,为血藤果的进一步开发利用提供了实验基础。     

傣药倒心盾翅藤化学成分预实验

目的:采用系统预实验法对倒心盾翅藤藤茎可能含有的化学成分进行预实验,探索倒心盾翅藤的化学成分。方法:采用试管反应法、纸反应法、薄层层析法,对倒心盾翅藤藤茎的水、95%乙醇、石油醚提取物进行研究,通过多种指示剂和显色剂的显色反应和沉淀反应,对倒心盾翅藤可能含有的化学成分进行初步研究。结果:倒心盾翅藤藤茎中可能含有萜类、多酚、鞣质等化学成分。结论:初步确定了倒心盾翅藤中含有的有效成分,为倒心盾翅藤的进一步研究提供实验基础。     

白花菜的研究进展

综述了国内外对白花菜的化学成分和药理活性的研究现状,旨在为白花菜的进一步开发利用提供参考。     

Cleogynol, a novel dammarane triterpenoid from Cleome gynandra

Chemical examination of Cleome gynandra (whole plant excluding seeds) led to the isolation and identification of a novel (20S, 24S)-epoxy-19,25-dihydroxydammarane-3-one hemiketal (1). The structure of the new compound, designated cleogynol, was determined using spectral and chemical methods.     

Isothiocyanates in myrosinase treated herb extract of Cleome chrysantha decne. and their antimicrobial activities

GC/MS analysis of the volatiles produced by the action of endogenous myrosinase in Cleome chrysantha Decne. herb, showed three major components, 1-isocyano-4-methyl benzene, gamma-muurolene and (cis) nerolidole (21.72%, 12.15% and 10.39%, respectively). 1-isocyano-4-methyl benzene is not produced from myrosinase treated seeds of Cleome chrysantha Decne., while muurolene and nerolidole were found at higher concentrations 16.1% and 13.67%, respectively. Some other isothiocyanates identified in the seeds and leaves, but in low percentages, were 2-methylbutyl isothiocyanate, 4-methylthiobutyl isothiocyanate and isothiocyanatomethyl benzene. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the ethanol extract of Cleome chrysantha Decne., produced two non-volatile isothiocyanates, 4, 6-dimethyltetrahydro-1,3-oxazine-2-thione and N-(-4-methyl-sulphinyl-3-butenyl) isothiocyanate which was established by aniline and methanolic ammonia to give the stable form of phenyl thiourea. They were identified by their spectroscopic data. These two isothiocyanates and the volatiles of the herb showed good antimicrobial activity against E. coli, Pseudomonas putida and Rhizobium meloloti (gram-negative bacteria) and moderate activity against Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus lactis (gram-positive bacteria).     

Ethnomedicine of Dharwad district in Karnataka, India--plants used in oral health care

The present ethnomedicine survey covers the Dharwad district of Karnataka in southern India. It was revealed that 35 plants belonging to 26 families are being used to treat different types of oral ailments like toothache, plaque and caries, pyorrhea and aphthae. Sixteen of these plants were new claims for the treatment of oral ailments not previously reported in the ethnomedicinal literature of India. Basella alba, Blepharis repens, Capparis sepiaria, Oxalis corniculata and Ricinus communis are used for the treatment of aphthae; Azima tetracantha, Caesalpinia coriaria, Cleome gynandra, Gossypium herbacium, Leucas aspera, Merremia chryseides, Pergularia daemia, Prosopis juliflora and Solanum nigrum are used to treat tooth ache and Cassia hirsuta and Cassia tora are used in the treatment of plaque and caries.     

Antioxidant activity of Cat’s whiskers flavonoid on some reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generating inflammatory cells is mediated by scavenging of free radicals

AIM: To find out the effect of Cat’s whiskers (Cleome gynandra L., Capparidaceae) flavonoid (CWF) for the scavenging of free radicals in some inflammatory cells. METHODS: Mouse erythrocyte’s hemoglobin, peritoneal macrophage, and peripheral blood lymphocytes were oxidized either by some of toxic chemicals (nitrite, carbon tetrachloride) or by enzymatic stimulation (glu- coseoxidase) to produce oxidative damage to cells. The protective effect of the CWF was examined, and the biochemical mechanism of action was also investigated in terms of the scavenging of free radicals. RESULTS: CWF (1 20 μg mL 1 ) decreased glucoseoxidase and nitrite induce oxidative damage in a concentration dependent manner in an in vitro model and inhibited the lysis of RBC [(28.64 ± 13.03)% and (70.31 ± 1.80)%] when mice were treated with CWF (25 and 50 mg kg 1 ). To assess the antioxidant potential of CWF in the lymphocytes and macrophages in living animals, the effect of CWF was measured on the elevated level of superoxide anions production in the cells. CWF scavenged the superoxide anion (O 2 ) production and inhibited the O 2 induced destruction of protein and lipid biomolecules. CONCLUSION: The study has established that the CWF mediates its antioxidant activity in some chronic inflammatory cells via its free radical scavenging activity.     

Pharmacological investigations of sticky viscome extract (Cleome viscosa L.) in rats,mice and guinea-pigs

The aqueous extract of seeds of Cleome viscosa L. has been studied for its pharmacological activities. It was found to be nontoxic when dosed orally and intraperitoneally to rats and mice. The extract showed significant analgesic activity in mice and local anaesthetic activity in guinea-pigs. It potentiated the barbiturate sleeping time in rats and had a mild laxative effect, increasing the passage of soft faeces. It failed to protect against convulsions induced by picrotoxin in rats. The results are discussed in terms of the alleged uses of the plant in folklore medicine.     

菊苣子的理化鉴别研究

目的对菊苣子进行理化鉴别研究,为制定菊苣子的质量标准奠定基础。方法采用化学法、薄层色谱法对菊苣子、菊苣、菊苣根进行理化鉴别,比较三者之间化学成分异同。结果可选用茚三酮反应,开环与闭环反应,醋酐-浓硫酸反应做为菊苣子的化学法鉴别反应;选用对甾体三萜、香豆素成分的薄层色谱鉴别作为菊苣子薄层鉴别方法。结论化学法、薄层色谱法对菊苣子鉴别简单易行,稳定可靠。     

天仙子化学成分初步研究

目的：采用定性试验,初步研究天仙子的化学成分种类。方法：通过定性试验,对天仙子水、95%乙醇、石油醚（30～60℃）、乙酸乙酯等提取物进行定性分析,利用多种显色剂和指示剂,以及颜色反应等,对天仙子的化学成分进行初步研究。结果：天仙子中可能含有生物碱类、鞣质、酚酸类、有机酸类、蛋白质、氨基酸、多肽、糖类、三萜类、香豆素类、黄酮类等化学成分。结论：初步确定天仙子中含有多种化学成分,为其药用价值的研究和应用、质量标准的完善和提高、临床用药的安全性和有效性评价奠定一定的理论基础。     

北五味子种子挥发油的GC-MS分析

 目的研究北五味子种子挥发油的化学成分,并与其果实挥发油的化学成分作比较。方法用五味子种子的水蒸汽蒸馏所得的油状物,运用CC-MS技术,结合计算机检索对其化学成分进行分离和鉴定,用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量。结果30min内分离出44个峰,鉴定了其中27个组分,占挥发油总量的95.13%。结论五味子种子挥发油的主要成分为姑把烯,a-金合欢烯、a-荜澄茄油烯,与以前报道的果实挥发油成分有所不同。B-芹子烯、吉马烯B和吉马烯D等在以前的报道中未曾提及。     

肉豆蔻叶和种仁挥发油GC-MS分析

目的分析肉豆蔻叶片和种仁挥发油的化学成分,为其资源利用和质量评价提供依据。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,用GC毛细管柱色谱法分析,归一化法测定其相对含量,利用GC-MS分析挥发油的化学成分。结果叶片中挥发油含量低于种仁。叶片中鉴定了46个化合物,种仁中鉴定了41个化合物;叶片和种仁挥发油中化学成分主要是单萜类和芳香类化合物。结论叶片和种仁化学成分大致相同,但相对含量有差异。叶片在产品开发上有较高的利用价值。