机械压迫对针刺引起经皮二氧化碳释放量的影响

目的:观察针刺效应的传导和机械压迫经脉线对此效应的影响.方法:应用Frewil Q.F.型微量二氧化碳测定仪.20名健康志愿者(男8名,女12名,平均年龄29岁),针刺内关穴,检测针刺前后曲泽、经上非穴a点(天泉与曲泽连线下1/4处)、经上非穴b点(郄门与曲泽连线1/2处)的经皮二氧化碳释放量(TCE),并与非经非穴c点(a点尺侧旁开2 cm)、非经非穴d点(b点尺侧旁开2 cm)进行对照.然后用弹簧压力计分别在郄门和大陵进行机械压迫(压力1 kg,面积1 cm×2 cm),观察其对针刺引起上述被测点TCE变化的影响.结果:针刺内关穴未压迫时,针刺中和针刺后曲泽、经上非穴a、b点的TCE明显增加(P<0.05),而非经非穴c、d两点没有明显增加(P>0.05);机械压迫郄门再针刺内关,曲泽和经上非穴a、b点的TCE未出现明显增加(P>0.05).压迫大陵时,曲泽和经上非穴a点在针刺过程中TCE有明显增加,经上非穴b在起针并压迫时TCE亦有明显增加(P<0.05).结论:针刺能够提高经脉的能量代谢水平,而且这一效应能被机械压迫所阻断.     

Influence of Mechanical Pressure to Change of Transcutaneous CO2 Emission by Acupuncture

Objective: In the authors' previous study, acupuncture had an effect along meridians. The effect ofacupuncture can be represented by local energy metabolism which can be expressed by transcutaneous CO2 emission (TCE). To study the transportation of the effect of acupuncture and the influence to the transportation when blocking the meridians, the following experiment was carried out. Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers (male 8, female 12, average age 29) were examined on pericardium meridian at points between Quze (PC 3) and Tianquan (PC 2) (Point a), between Ximen (PC 4) and Quze (PC 3) (Point b), two control points (c and d) beside a and b and Quze (PC 3). TCE was measured on these five points before, during and after acupuncturing Neiguan (PC 6) by a high sensitive CO2 instrument (Frewil-Q.F., made in China). Mechanical pressure of 1 kg (2 cm～ 1 cm area) was given on Ximen (PC 4) or Daling (PC 7) during the acupuncture and TCE were measured before acupuncture, during acupuncture and mechanical pressing, withdrawing acupuncture but keeping pressing and after withdrawing the pressure. Results: TCE increased significantly on point a, b and Quze (PC 3) during and after acupuncture without mechanical press. When mechanical press was given at Ximen (PC 4), no significantly increase was found on above three points during and after acupuncture. When pressing Daling (PC 7), there was still significant (P<0.05) increase at Quz～ (PC 3) and point during acupuncture and significant increase (P<0.05) at point b after acupuncuture while pressing was kept. Conclusion: Acupuncture can enhance the energy metabolism expressed by TCE along meridians and this effect can be eliminated by mechanical pressing along meridians on the way between acupuncture point and measured point.     

针刺内关对急性缺氧健康志愿者心包经经皮氧分压的影响

目的观察针刺内关对急性缺氧健康志愿者心包经循行线上经皮氧分压的影响。方法应用瑞典百灵威生产的PeriFlux System5000系统－TeP0：经皮氧分压单元（PF5040）,测试45例健康志愿者吸入低氧}昆合气体前后及针刺内关前后心包经循行线上的经皮氧分压的变化,用SPSS13．0统计软件进行处理。结果急性缺氧可以使心包经循经线上经皮氧分压明显下降,与正常生理状态相比,有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。电针内关穴可使循经线上氧分压下降,与吸低氧后比较,虽无显著性差异,但下降趋势明显。结论针刺内关穴对心脏功能有调节作用可能与心包经循行线上氧代谢变化相关,经络通道与氧代谢相关。     

电针特定穴“大陵”“内关”“郄门”对缺血心肌细胞VEGF基因表达影响的对比研究

目的:采用免疫组化和分子原位杂交方法,观察电针针刺双侧“大陵”、“内关”、“郄门”穴后,缺血心肌VEGF及VEGFmRNA的表达,探讨针刺改善急性心肌缺血及心包经穴与心脏相关联系的机制。方法:将30只健康家兔随机分为空白组、模型组、电针“大陵”组、电针“内关”组、电针“郄门”组并结扎冠状动脉左前降支造成急性心肌缺血模型。采用免疫组化和分子原位杂交方法,观察电针针刺双侧“大陵”、“内关”、“郄门”穴后,缺血心肌VEGF及VEGFmR-NA的表达。结果:电针“大陵”组和电针“内关”组的VEGF及VEGFmRNA表达与模型组比较明显增多。电针“郄门”组虽然也有表达但与模型组比较没有显著性差异。结论:针刺“大陵”,“内关”穴能诱导急性心肌缺血家兔心肌细胞VEGF的表达,有助于促进多种血管活性物质合成,促进血管舒张,抑制血栓形成,抑制血管平滑肌细胞增殖等,说明了针刺对心肌多靶点、多环节保护作用的部分机制。     

The influence of different methods of acupuncture on skin surface perfusion

Objective

To compare the effects on the body surface of different kinds of placebo/sham acupuncture with that of traditional needling sensation acupuncture.

Methods

Point Neiguan (PC 6) of 29 healthy subjects, 19 males and 10 females, was stimulated with needling sensation, shallow, placebo and deep acupuncture at the non-acupoint. After stimulation with different methods of acupuncture, the change in perfusion of the micrangium in the skin surface around the elbow joint, with Point Quze (PC 3) as its center, was observed with laser Doppler blood-flow imaging.

Results

Judging from the absolute value of perfusion of the skin surface micrangium, several methods of acupuncture can cause change in blood flow. The ratio of blood-flow perfusion in the meridian area in and around Quze declined before and after needling insertion in needling sensation acupuncture and shallow acupuncture. This observation did not occur in placebo and non-acupoint acupuncture. Needling sensation acupuncture at an acupoint can relatively reduce the perfusion of the micrangium in the projective area of the meridian where the acupoint is located on the body surface (P<0.05), indicating the specificity of meridians.

Conclusions

Stimulation of an acupoint or a point on the body surface with any type of acupuncture can cause change in blood flow in the skin near the needling point. However, the biological mechanism underlying this phenomenon needs to be further explored.     

手厥阴心包经五输穴主治疾病谱的古代文献研究

目的:通过对手厥阴心包经五输穴相关古代文献的整理分析,归纳总结古代手厥阴心包经五输穴主治疾病谱。方法:以《中国医籍大辞典》《中华大典·医学分典》及《中华医典》中引用的先秦至清末相关古代医籍为检索范围,对中冲、劳宫、大陵、间使、曲泽等五个腧穴的单穴主治病证条文进行归纳整理。结果:本研究最终纳入条文1 976条,中冲穴主治条文287条,涉及34种病证,频次最高的是神经系统及精神病证;劳宫穴主治条文478条,涉及42种病证,频次最高的是消化系统病证;大陵穴主治条文365条,涉及46种病证,频次最高的是心血管病证;间使穴主治条文386条,涉及53种病证,频次最高的是神经系统及精神病证;曲泽穴主治条文460条,涉及41种病证,频次最高的是呼吸系统病证。结论:手厥阴心包经五输穴皆可主治的病证共5种,依次是胸痹、心悸、癫证、狂证和郁证。心血管病证和神经系统及精神病证是心包经五输穴组穴主治的优势病种。     

Effect of electroacupuncture at the Pericardium Meridian on the heart function of volunteers with acute hypoxia

Objective

To study the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at the Pericardium Meridian on the heart function of volunteers with acute hypoxia, and to provide scientific evidence for the acupoints selection along the affected meridian in acupuncture-moxibustion therapy.

Methods

Based on a self-control design, eighteen healthy volunteers were recruited in the study. Points from the Pericardium Meridian [Neiguan (PC 6), Ximen (PC 4), Quze (PC 3) and Tianquan (PC 2)], non-Pericardium Meridian point [Shousanli (LI 10)], non-meridian and non-acupoint points [1.0-1.5 cm lateral to Neiguan (PC 6) and Ximen (PC 4), respectively on both sides], and a blank control (only inhaling low-oxygen gas without EA stimulation) were selected to observe, once every week, 10 sessions in total, and only 1 acupoint was observed once. The volunteers inhaled low-oxygen gas mixture (10.8% O₂ and 89.2% N₂) for 30 min to imitate acute hypoxia. EA was conducted when the gas mixture was inhaled for 10 min and then lasted for 20 min; meanwhile, hemodynamic indexes such as cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), left cardiac work (LCW), left cardiac work index (LCWI) and heart rate (HR) were recorded on a hemodynamic monitor.

Results

EA at the acupoints of Pericardium Meridian significantly down-regulated the increased CO/CI, LCW/LCWI, and HR (P<0.05), and significantly up-regulated the decreased SVR/SVRI in hypoxia (P<0.05); EA at other meridian acupoints or at non-meridian and non-acupoint points didn’t produce such effects.

Conclusion

EA at the Pericardium Meridian can obviously improve the cardiac hyper-activation caused by acute hypoxia in healthy volunteers.

     

针刺手厥阴经穴对缺血再灌注损伤大鼠心肌钙泵活性及基因表达的影响

目的：观察针刺-22包经“内关”“郄门”穴治疗心肌缺血的作用机制。方法：将大鼠随机分为5组,假手术组、缺血-再灌注模型组、针刺“内关”治疗组、针刺“郄门”治疗组、针刺“支沟”对照组。后3组电针相应穴位20min后,结扎冠状动脉左前降支40min,心电图（ECG）监测,再电针穴位20min,松扎,恢复灌流60min,摘取心脏,取心室肌制备心肌细胞肌浆网,定磷法测定三磷酸腺苷酶（Ca^2＋-ATPase）活性的高低;用Northen-Blot方法测定肌浆网Ca^2＋-ATPasemRNA的相对含量。结果：模型组Ca^2＋-ATPase活性明显降低,Ca^2＋-ATPasemRNA的表达下降。针刺心包经“内关”穴组和“郄门”穴组Ca^2＋-ATPase活性和Ca^2＋-ATPasemRNA表达均发生明显变化,与模型组比较均有非常显著性意义（P〈0.01）,针刺“支沟”穴组酶活性与基因的表达和模型组比较差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。结论：针刺手厥阴,22包经穴“内关”“郄门”穴可提高心肌细胞肌浆网Ca^2＋-ATPase的活性,促进Ca^2＋-ATPasemRNA基因的表达,减轻缺血再灌注损伤的程度,增强心肌的功能。     

Effect of Acupuncture at Acupoints Neiguan （PC 6） and Ximen （PC 4） on the Left Cardiac Function in the Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

目的：探讨针刺内关与郄门穴对冠心病患者每博心输出量及左心室排血的峰值流速的影响。方法：60例冠心痛患者分为内关组和郄门组，分别在运针3min后和留针20min后测试每博心输出量，左心室排血的峰值流速。再与针刺前得测试结果相比较。结果：46例患者针刺3min后Q值和VP值较针刺前上升。留针20min后，34例患者Q值和VP值全部上升。结论：针刺内关和郄门可增强左心室壁的收缩能力，使心脏的每博输出量增加，改善冠心病患者的心肌缺血状态。     

针刺内关穴对正常人脉率调节作用的观察

对３０４名在校大学生针刺内关穴观察针刺脉率的变化。结果具有效调节作用的共计１９０例,占实验总人数的６２．５％,实验证实针刺内关对脉率的调节是一种良性的双向调节作用,可使脉率快者减慢,慢者增快;针刺内关对脉率偏快组的减慢效应大于对脉率偏慢组的增快效应,经统计学Ｘ＾２检验Ｐ〈０．０５,差异有显著意义。     

针刺内关穴对心率变异性的分析.

目的：观察了解内关穴对心脏生理的调整效应。方法：采用5分钟心率变异性取样，对24例健康人针刺内关穴前后的心率变异性指标进行对照分析。结果：针刺内关穴时可以使心率波动性增大。心率变异性参数改变。结论：针刺内关穴对健康人的心脏功能起着保护性的调整作用。     

Clinical Application of Acupoint Neiguan （PC 6）

Acupoint Neiguan （PC 6） is first recorded in Ling Shu （Spritual Pivot）. It is the Luo-Connecting point of the Pericardium Meridian and communicates with acupoint Waiguan （TE 15）; it is also one of eight confluent points, and associates with the Yin Link Vessel. We often use Neiguan （PC 6） alone or as the cardinal acupoint to treat many disorders in clinical practice. It is now reported as follows.     

针刺内关穴对窦房结功能的影响

目的:为临床运用内关穴治疗心脏病提供依据。方法:将50例心脏病患者随机分为2组。非阻断组35例,分别于针刺内关穴前后采用食道左房调搏技术测定窦房结恢复时间(SNRT)、窦房传导时间(SACT)、窦房结有效不应期(SNERP)和心率(HR);阻断组15例,用静脉注射心得安和阿托品进行植物神经阻断,分别于阻断前和针刺后测定SNRT、SACT、SNERP和固有心率(IHR)。结果:非阻断组针刺前后比较,SACT、SNERP和HR差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),而SNRT差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。阻断组针刺前后比较,SNRT、SACT和SNERP差异均无统计学意义,而IHR前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:针刺内关穴对窦房结功能有显著作用,其机制可能与针刺内关对窦房结的自主神经具有双相调节作用有关。     

"内关""神门""心俞"间协同作用与拮抗作用实验研究

目的：探讨作用相似的腧穴间是否存在协同或拮抗作用。方法：选用乌头碱诱发的家兔室性心律失常模型,以心律失常持续时间为指标,观察“内关”、“神门、、“心俞”单用及合用后的疗效差异。结果：“内关”、“神门”、“心俞”单用有显著疗效,且作用相近,合用后疗效无显著提高或下降。结论：作用相似且作用强度相近的腧穴间不易出现拮抗作用,但也不一定能产生显著的协同作用。     

从调神止痛理论探讨内关穴治疗痛症

痛症是针灸治疗的主要病种之一,而针刺最重视调神,在治疗痛症疾病时离不开“神”这个重要概念,调神止痛理论是治疗痛症的重要理论,除了选取调神的穴位,在针刺时要求医者和患者守神。在针灸选穴中,因内关穴是心包经的络穴,且为八脉交会穴,常用来治疗心胸胃等疾病,故而内关穴是调神止痛的必选穴位,通过探讨调神止痛理论,分析针刺内关穴治疗痛症的理论基础,发现临床上单独或者配伍使用内关穴可用于治疗多种痛症,疗效确切,并初步分析了内关穴治疗痛症的现代机制。     

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT OF REFRACTORY HICCUP

Since1992,theauthorshavetreated76cases0frefract0ryhiccupinducedbydifferentcauseswithacupunctureatNeiguan(PC6)andG0ngsun(Sp4)P0ints,withsatisfactorythera-peuticeffects,whicharereP0rtedinthefollow-ing.CLINICALDATAOfthe76cases,5lcasesweremaleand25female.Theyoungestwas26yearsoldandtheoldest7lyears;Theshortestduration0fdiseasewas2daysandthelongest4m0nths.Inthepe-riodofacupuncturetreatment,anyChineseandWesternmedicinesweresuspended.THERAPEUTICMETH0DS1.SelectedPOints:Left-rightcrossi…     

基于数据挖掘的古代文献中针灸治疗心痛腧穴运用规律研究

目的：运用数据挖掘技术探讨古代文献中针灸治疗心痛的选穴规律,为临床针灸治疗心痛类症状提供参考。方法：检索“针灸古籍中腧穴主治的计算机检索系统”,按纳入和排除标准筛选文献并提取腧穴处方,采用IBM SPSS Statistics25.0、IBM SPSS Modeler18.0软件进行描述性分析和关联、因子分析。结果：共筛选出《黄帝内经》《中国简明针灸治疗学》等73本古籍中有效处方共394例。描述性分析提示,针灸治疗心痛使用频次前5位的腧穴是中脘、上脘、巨阙、大陵、内关;任脉、心包经、膀胱经是最常选取的经脉;特定穴方面,主要选取五输穴、募穴、原穴;高频穴对为中脘、上脘,巨阙、中脘,内关、大陵。运用数据挖掘技术得到针灸治疗心痛的核心腧穴处方为中脘-上脘-巨阙;因子分析共提取出9个公因子组。结论：古代文献中,针灸治疗心痛,一般选用心系经脉或相表里经脉腧穴,而对于因其他脏腑气机逆乱所致的心痛,一般选择针灸其原发脏腑或与其相表里脏腑经脉之腧穴;兼见其他脏腑症状者,取相关脏腑之经脉对症治疗。     

针刺郄门穴治疗冠状动脉慢血流现象的即刻疗效观察

目的观察针刺郄门穴对冠状动脉慢血流现象(CSFP)患者冠脉流速的即刻作用。方法纳入70例CSFP患者作为研究对象,随机分为试验组(针刺郄门穴)与对照组(针刺假穴位),每组35例。比较两组患者针刺前后冠脉造影下校正的心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流帧数计数(CTFC)、中医症状积分的变化情况,同时进行安全性评价。结果(1)针刺前后组内比较,试验组患者的CTFC值下降(P<0.05),对照组CTFC值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);组间针刺后比较,试验组CTFC差值大于对照组(P<0.05)。(2)针刺前后组内比较,两组患者的中医症状积分均降低(P<0.05);组间针刺后比较,试验组中医症状积分差值大于对照组(P<0.05)。(3)两组患者均未见明显不良反应。结论针刺有助于减轻CSFP患者的自觉症状;与针刺非经非穴相比,针刺郄门穴能加快CSFP患者的冠脉血流,并更好地改善临床不适症状。     

针刺内关穴对机体不同功能状态下fMRI脑功能成像的影响

目的:观察机体在生理或病理状态下,针刺同一穴位时fMRI脑功能成像的变化,探讨内关穴的作用机制.方法:对老年健康人(正常组)和阿尔茨海默病患者(AD组)进行电针刺激内关穴,同时运用1.5 T磁共振成像系统,采集两组被试者脑部的fMRI功能像数据,通过SPM99进行统计分析,获取正常组和AD组脑内不同区域的功能活动图像.结果:正常组两侧额叶及颞叶均被不同程度激活,AD组表现在额叶、颞叶和扣带回、小脑等部位不同程度的激活,其他脑区无明显激活.结论:针刺内关穴对正常组和AD组的脑功能活动激活区域表现不同,说明针刺内关穴对机体不同功能状态下fMRI脑功能成像影响不同.     

Clinical study on acupoint injection plus acupuncture for insomnia due to heart-kidney disharmony

Objective： To observe the clinical efficacy of acupoint injection at Neiguan （PC 6） plus acupuncture in treating insomnia due to heart-kidney disharmony. Methods： A hundred patients with insomnia due to heart-kidney disharmony were randomized into an observation group and a control group. Fifty-three cases in the observation group were intervened by acupoint injection at Neiguan （PC 6） plus acupuncture; while 54 cases in the control group were intervened by acupuncture alone. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index （PSQI） was evaluated before and after intervention, and the therapeutic efficacies of the two groups were compared. Results： Acupoint injection at Neiguan （PC 6） plus acupuncture produced significantly higher efficacies in improving sleep quality, shortening sleep latency, and enhancing sleep efficiency than acupuncture alone （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： The two groups both can improve the condition of insomnia; acupoint injection at Neiguan （PC 6） has significant advantages, manifested by a higher therapeutic efficacy for insomnia due to heart-kidney disharmony, higher safety evaluation, efficiency, and less adverse events, thus proper for clinical application.