不同栽培措施对党参药材中游离态糖类成分的影响

采用HPLC-ELSD建立了党参药材中具有"甜味"的3种游离态糖类成分的含量测定方法,为补充和完善党参药材的质量控制提供科学依据。方法学考察结果显示蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖分别在2.312 5~18.500 0,1.500 0~12.000 0,2.000 0~16.000 0μg呈良好的线性关系,平均加样回收率分别为96.31%,100.4%,101.8%。该方法操作简便,稳定可靠,结果准确,适合党参药材中蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖3种游离态糖类成分的同时检测。应用建立的分析方法对甘肃省岷县党参药材规范化种植基地不同栽培措施种植的党参药材样品进行分析,发现不同栽培措施对党参药材中3种游离态糖类成分具有一定的影响,其中,按照蔗糖含量的高低顺序为:施用壮根灵不施用壮根灵,不打尖、搭架不打尖、不搭架打尖、不搭架打尖、搭架;按照葡萄糖、果糖含量的高低顺序为:不施用壮根灵施用壮根灵,打尖、搭架不打尖、不搭架不打尖、搭架打尖、不搭架。因不同游离态糖类成分甜度和含量均具有差异性,因此可考虑将游离态糖类成分的含量作为党参药材的评价指标。     

湿度对党参药材化学质量稳定性的影响

目的:研究党参药材中化学成分在不同湿度下随时间的变化规律,为党参药材的化学质量稳定性提供数据支持。方法:以甘肃省岷县党参药材规范化种植基地种植的党参药材为研究对象,设置常湿、20%、5%3种不同的湿度,同时测定其中党参炔苷、多糖、葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖的含量在6个月内的变化情况。结果:在6个月内,不同湿度下党参炔苷的含量呈现不同程度的下降趋势。多糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖的含量均呈现出不同程度先升高再降低的趋势。不同湿度对党参药材化学质量稳定性的影响程度不同,依次为5%20%常湿,即5%湿度下党参药材的化学质量稳定性最佳。结论:该研究提示湿度对党参药材中化学成分的含量有较大的影响,进而影响到党参药材化学质量的稳定性。在实际生产实践过程中,应严格控制党参药材的储藏湿度,以期保证党参药材质量的稳定可靠,为临床用药的有效性奠定基础。     

党参药材中党参炔苷与总多糖、总皂苷含量的相关性研究

目的:研究不同产地、不同规格党参药材中党参炔苷、总多糖、总皂苷的含量,对其测定结果进行比较,分析三者之间的相关性,为评价和控制党参药材质量提供参考依据。方法:采用HPLC法测定党参炔苷,采用硫酸-苯酚比色法测定总多糖成分,采用香草醛-高氯酸比色法测定总皂苷。结果:党参炔苷在0.0085～0.425mg.mL-1(r=0.9998)范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,精密度良好,平均回收率100.7%;总多糖、总皂苷测定精密度及回收率亦符合要求。测定了5个不同产地、9种规格的党参药材样品。结论:党参样品中党参炔苷与总皂苷含量相关,与总多糖不成正比,这为科学评价和有效控制其质量提供了依据。     

不同商品等级甘肃白条党参质量比较研究

目的比较不同商品等级白条党参药材的质量,为党参药材合理利用提供依据。方法采集甘肃不同商品等级54批白条党参样品,采用高效液相色谱法测定党参药材中党参炔苷和苍术内酯Ⅲ含量,采用比色法测定党参多糖含量,按2010年版《中华人民共和国药典》方法测定醇溶性浸出物含量,运用单因素方差和因子分析对数据进行综合评价。结果党参炔苷和苍术内酯Ⅲ与商品等级均呈负相关。主成分因子排序结果显示样品并不以其商品等级相应顺序排序,二等品多居于排名前列。结论不同商品等级白条党参质量存在差异,二等品相对一、三等品质量较优。     

不同施肥处理对党参产量和次生代谢物含量的影响研究

采用单因素随机区组实验设计,研究不同施肥处理对党参产量和次生代谢物合成积累量的影响,确定合理的施肥配比和采收期,为党参规范化栽培提供依据。试验结果显示,适量氮肥有利于党参根直径和根生物量的提高,磷肥可以促进党参多糖含量的增加,有机肥可以提高党参炔苷的含量。党参产量、多糖及醇溶性浸出物含量随着生长时间的延长而增加,党参炔苷含量随着生长时间的延长而减少。综合各因素分析,试验区党参的合理采收期应为10月下旬,施用有机肥对党参生物量和次生代谢物的积累最有利。     

甘肃地产白条党参商品等级与活性成分的相关性分析

目的测定甘肃不同商品等级白条党参中活性成分党参炔苷、苍术内酯Ⅲ和党参多糖的含量,分析白条党参商品等级与活性成分含量之间的相关性。方法采用HPLC测定白条党参中党参炔苷与苍术内酯Ⅲ的含量,采用比色法测定党参多糖,对所测数据进行主成分分析(PCA)和聚类分析(CA)。结果不同商品等级白条党参商品等级与其活性成分无显著相关性。在同一产地下,党参炔苷与商品等级呈负相关性,商品等级越高,党参炔苷含量越低。PCA分析结果表明现行的白条党参3个商品等级不能被很好区分,CA显示三大聚类中以商品等级分类不明显,但以产地区域分类较为明显。结论当前白条党参主产区的商品等级划分混乱,不能代表党参实际质量,产地栽培环境因素对商品等级划分影响较大。     

甘肃民乐县党参品质与土壤相关性研究

目的针对甘肃民乐县域内人工种植的党参及其根基土壤分别进行采样分析,探索民乐县本地种植党参的品质及其影响规律。方法通过对测定数据进行灰色关联度分析和相关性分析。结果党参浸出物、党参炔苷与各土壤因子间的关联度顺序一致,土壤因子中pH值是影响两者含量的关键因素,其次为有机质、全氮和可溶盐。此外,党参炔苷与土壤pH值呈极显著正相关,浸出物与测定的土壤因子无显著相关性。结论民乐县种植的党参质量符合国家药典规定,但应加强对土壤和药材中重金属元素铜的含量监测,避免重金属污染风险。研究结果揭示了民乐县域内土壤因子对当地种植党参质量的影响规律,可为当地党参药材的规范化种植提供理论指导和帮助。     

施肥对川党参产量和质量的影响研究

目的:研究施肥对川党参产量和质量的影响.方法:采用单因素和正交试验进行田间试验,田间统计产量,HPLC测定党参炔苷含量、UV测定党参多糖含量.结果:在单因素试验中,有机肥以5900kg～7900kg/667m2、尿素28.5kg/667m2、磷肥36kg/～47.5kg/667m2、钾肥21kg～28.5kg/667m2,川党参药材产量高;正交试验以处理组合,氮肥24kg/667m2、磷肥40kg/667m2、钾肥16kg/667m2、栽培密度55560株/667m2产量最高,方差分析表明,氮肥、磷肥、钾肥、氮磷互作、氮钾互作及磷钾互作对川党参产量均有显著影响;党参炔苷、党参多糖在施肥水平处理中差异不显著,磷肥能显著提高党参炔苷含量.结论:不同种类肥料之间存在相互作用,合理的配合施肥能提高川党参的产量和质量.     

施肥对川党参产量和质量的影响研究

目的：研究施肥对川党参产量和质量的影响。方法：采用单因素和正交试验进行田间试验,田间统计产量,HPLC测定党参炔苷含量、UV测定党参多糖含量。结果：在单因素试验中,有机肥以5900kg～7900kg/667m2、尿素28.5kg/667m2、磷肥36kg/～47.5kg/667m2、钾肥21kg～28.5kg/667m2,川党参药材产量高;正交试验以处理组合,氮肥24kg/667m2、磷肥40kg/667m2、钾肥16kg/667m2、栽培密度55560株/667m2产量最高,方差分析表明,氮肥、磷肥、钾肥、氮磷互作、氮钾互作及磷钾互作对川党参产量均有显著影响;党参炔苷、党参多糖在施肥水平处理中差异不显著,磷肥能显著提高党参炔苷含量。结论：不同种类肥料之间存在相互作用,合理的配合施肥能提高川党参的产量和质量。     

Box-Behnken设计优化庙宇党参中党参炔苷和党参总多糖提取工艺

目的:优选庙宇党参中党参炔苷和党参总多糖的提取工艺条件,为该药材的质量评价提供参考。方法:在单因素试验基础上,采用Box-Behnken试验考察提取温度、超声时间、料液比对庙宇党参中党参炔苷和党参总多糖提取效率的影响。采用RP-HPLC测定党参炔苷的含量,流动相乙腈-水(21∶79),检测波长268 nm;紫外分光光度法测定庙宇党参中总多糖的含量,检测波长490 nm。结果:最佳提取工艺条件为提取时间32 min,料液比1∶26,提取温度52℃;党参炔苷提取量和党参总多糖质量分数分别为(78.18±0.21)μg·g~(-1)和(21.02±0.13)%,与预测值的偏差较小。结论:Box-Behnken试验可较好地应用于庙宇党参中党参炔苷和党参总多糖的提取,优选的提取工艺合理、可靠,有效成分提取率高。     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the influence of different growing years on the yield, quality and benefits of Codonopsis Radix for providing the basis for guiding the planting and obtaining relatively stable economic benefits. METHODS The Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf. were cultivated year by year by field plot completely randomized trial for measuring the yield and quality of 1 year to 5 year Codonopsis Radix. The Codonopsis Radix was harvest in the fifth year at the same time and the yield of plot was measured for the evaluating yield of per Mu. Quality of character and the content of extract of Codonopsis Radix were analyzed and measured according the methods recorded in 2015 edition Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The content of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide was measured by UV spectrophotometry. The contents of lobetyolin and atractylenolide ?? were determined by method of HPLC. Taking yongxinxiang as an example to analyze the efficiency and market risk of growing Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf.. RESULTS The yield of Codonopsis Radix increases along with increase of growing years. The size is positively correlated with the length of growth, and the texture is on the contrary. There is a negatively relationship between content of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide, extract and the increase of growing years. And there is a positive correlation between contents of lobetyolin, atractylenolide ??, output value of field and the increase of growing years. However, the economic benefit was due to the price in market. CONCLUSION It is suggested that the cultivation years of Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf. should be extended for effectively avoiding market risks on the premise of guaranteeing quality because of the economic benefit of Codonopsis Radix is greatly influenced by market fluctuation.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the advantages and disadvantages of sulfuring to Codonopsis Radix in its process of storage. METHODS Sulfur dioxide residual amount was determined by distillation. The character was observed referring to Ch.P. The content of polysaccharide was measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The contents of lobetyolin and rhizome atractylodis inner fat ?? were measured by high performance liquid chromatography, and fingerprints were established. RESULTS Under the natural storage conditions, the contents of effective components decreased with the extension of storage time. After being stored for 30 m, the Codonopsis Radix samples without sulfuring treatment had darkened color and were damaged by worms seriously,the contents of polysaccharide,lobetyolin, and rhizome atractylodis inner fat ?? reduced by more than half, and yellow aspergillus toxin were detected; however, few sulfured samples were damaged by worms and the magnitude of content decrease of the three compounds was significantly smaller than that of the non-sulfured ones. CONCLUSION Storage time is negatively correlated with the medicinal quality of Codonopsis Radix and proper sulfuring can slow the rate of quality deteriorating of Codonopsis Radix.     

党参标准汤剂质量评价的建立

目的:建立党参标准汤剂的质量控制方法,评价其质量的稳定性和主要影响因素。方法:收集有代表性的党参药材及饮片,制备党参标准汤剂;建立UPLC指纹图谱及党参炔苷的含量测定方法,采用UPLC-Q-TOF/MS对主要色谱峰进行结构确认,明确标准汤剂中的主要化学成分;计算出膏率、指标成分转移率和溶液p H等参数,评价工艺的稳定性。结果:党参标准汤剂中党参炔苷平均质量分数0.02%,指纹图谱相似度均0.9;党参标准汤剂对照指纹图谱主要共有峰有12个,出膏率45.4%,转移率58.1%。结论:建立的系统评价党参标准汤剂的质量评价方法稳定可行,党参饮片厚度是影响其标准汤剂出膏率的主要因素。     

Fingerprint Analysis of Codonopsis Radix by HPLC Coupled with Chemometrics Analysis

Objective To establish a validated high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)for the fingerprint analysis of Codonopsis Radix and for the determination of lobetyolin.Methods HPLC coupled with diode array detection method was employed to establish the fingerprint profile and quantitative determination of lobetyolin in Codonopsis Radix.Principal component analysis method was employed to analyze the 52 Codonopsis Radix samples.Results The reference chromatogram was generated with 25 common peaks showing good separation from adjacent peaks.Conclusion Statistical analysis of the obtained data demonstrates that the developed HPLC fingerprint combined with chemometric is a reliable method for the similar evaluation and quality assessment of Codonopsis Radix,and other traditional Chinese herbs.     

基于定量和HPLC指纹图谱定性结合化学计量学分析的不同初加工方法党参药材的化学质量评价

Objective: To observe the effect of different processing methods on the quality of Codonopsis Radix and provide data reference for the reasonable processing in the producing areas.Methods: An analytical strategy that combined quantitative and HPLC fingerprint analysis with chemometrics was developed for the quality evaluation of Codonopsis Radix. Lobetyolin, polysaccharide, sucrose,glucose, and fructose were detected simultaneously in Codonopsis Radix samples treated with different processing methods including dryer-drying, sun-drying, shade-drying, sulfur fumigation, and kneading,etc.Results: The results showed that different processing methods had an obvious impact on the quality of Codonopsis Radix. Sun-drying or shade-drying was recommended, and sulfur fumigation should be avoided. And dryer-drying at 40 °C-50 °C was suggested to meet the requirement for large scale processing. In addition, based on the content of polysaccharide, glucose, and fructose, it was advised to knead for three times. As for lobetyolin and sucrose, kneading should be avoided.Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that processing method had a big impact on the quality of Codonopsis Radix. Based on the results, the appropriate processing methods directed at different requirements were recommended. The study could lay a foundation for the reasonable processing of Codonopsis Radix in producing areas.     

泰山四叶参多糖的提取及含量测定

目的从泰山四叶参中提取多糖并测定多糖含量。方法经脱脂、醇提后，用水提醇沉法提取多糖，用苯酚-硫酸法测定其含量。结果泰山四叶参中多糖含量为12．45％，平均回收率为99．12％，RSD=1．49％（n=4）。结论泰山四叶参多糖含量较高，具有开发利用价值。     

潞党参多糖含量测定

目的:对潞党参及其他产地党参多糖含量测定,为制订潞党参药材质量标准提供依据。方法:以无水葡萄糖为对照品,采用苯酚-硫酸法显色,利用紫外分光光度法测定潞党参及其他产地党参多糖含量。结果:葡萄糖在5.4⁵4.0μg/mL范围内与吸光度呈良好的线性关系(以r=0.999);平均回收率为97.56%。潞党参多糖含量的平均值为18.39%。结论:测定方法操作简单,重复性好,结果准确可靠。可用于潞党参多糖含量测定。     

党参超微粉碎工艺优选及溶出度考察

目的：优选党参的超微粉碎工艺并考察其体外溶出度。方法：以党参炔苷提取量为指标,通过正交试验考察加入药粉量、原粉末粒度、粉碎时间对党参超微粉碎工艺的影响;采用HPLC测定党参炔苷含量,流动相乙腈-水（20：80）,检测波长268 nm;利用桨状搅拌法测定溶出度,比较超微粉和普通粉不同时间溶出液中党参炔苷含量。结果：党参最佳超微粉碎工艺为加入药粉量1 000 g,原粉末粒度65目,粉碎时间40 min;党参炔苷平均提取量3.95 mg·g^-1,RSD 2.85%。超微粉溶出液比普通粉溶出液中党参炔苷含量明显提高,党参超微粉在30 min时溶出率已达80%,而普通粉末120 min时溶出率仅有40%。结论：优选的超微粉碎工艺稳定可行,党参超微粉中党参炔苷的溶出速率远大于党参普通粉。     

基于变异系数权重的模糊物元模型评价甘肃商品纹党的质量

目的:依据模糊物元模型对甘肃商品纹党进行质量评价。方法:对甘肃不同产地、不同商品等级纹党药材中5种主要成分的含量进行测定,运用基于变异系数权重的模糊物元模型对纹党药材质量进行综合评价。结果:依据欧氏贴近度数值大小,其中贴近度值0.450的样本量有18批,这些样本评价度较高,主要来自于甘肃文县、武都区的样本。商品等级为二等品的样品普遍靠前,综合排序并不以商品等级顺序排序,受产地因素影响较大。结论:该方法及模型能客观地评价纹党药材的质量,可用于其他药材质量的评价。