中医药治疗疲劳的研究进展

疲劳已成为影响人们生命质量的重要因素。疲劳发病机制复杂,常规治疗缺乏有效方案,部分药物有成瘾性和不良反应。中药抗疲劳药物具有安全有效、多种功效协同作用的独特优势。肝脾肾功能失调是疲劳发生发展的重要病机,中药处方多以疏肝健脾补肾为主。现通过对疲劳的病机、处方用药、抗疲劳作用机制进行全面系统地总结,为中医药抗疲劳提供依据。     

慢性束缚致慢性疲劳动物模型的研制及其行为学观察

目的研制慢性疲劳动物模型,观测该模型动物的行为学变化以及中药的作用。方法首次运用非体力及病毒感染因素制造慢性疲劳动物模型以及运用中药复方制剂进行治疗的研究。采用特制束缚筒造模,运用多种行为学方法检测判定。结果模型组表现出活动减少、运动能力下降等典型的疲劳症状,记忆力下降。消疲怡神口服液与传统的强壮、抗疲劳药物人参（人参总甙）,均能显著改善各项成绩。结论慢性束缚法能够制造出较为符合ＣＦＳ诊断要求的慢性疲劳动物模型。消疲怡神口服液有显著的消除疲劳及改善相关症状的作用     

试论中医缓解体力疲劳保健食品的特色

体力疲劳是人们生活中常见的症状，易疲劳人群广泛，抗疲劳食品市场需求大。阐述了现代医学、中医学对体力疲劳的认识，从健脾、补肾、养肝、调神等方面分析中医缓解体力疲劳傈健品的特色。     

中医药抗疲劳实验研究特点概况

疲劳状态普遍存在与日常生活,长久会使机体内分泌失调,免疫力向下降,甚至出现器质性病变。近年来中医药抗疲劳实验研究逐渐深入,模型建立(水迷宫实验最为经典),处理因素,生化指标选择的等逐渐统一,抗疲劳药物及活性物质功效显著,但功能因子和功能因子结构仍不能确定,处理因素过于单一,未来应开展多因素联合处理实验,为中医药抗疲劳奠定理论基础。     

疲劳产生的机制及抗疲劳中药的研究进展

对疲劳产生的机制进行文献综述，并对抗疲劳天然资源的分布、活性成分及其抗疲劳机理进行了探讨，旨在为开发新型高效、廉价、安全的抗疲劳功能性因子起到导向作用，供教练员和体育，工作者参考。     

复合应激因素致“慢性疲劳”模型大鼠脾脏β-肾上腺素能受体变化的研究

目的：为了进一步探讨慢性疲劳综合征的发生机制以及中医肝脾功能在神经-内分泌-免疫网络调节中的作用。方法：在应用过劳、情志刺激等复合应激因素机制“慢性疲劳”动物模型的基础上，检测了模型动物免疫器官脾脏组织中β-肾上腺素能受体的变化情况。结果：“慢性疲劳”模型动物脾脏β-肾上腺素能受体数量较之对照组明显下降。结论：中药复方“消疲怡神口服液”对该变化具有一定的调节作用。     

灯盏花素消除运动性疲劳的可行性分析

增强运动员体质和提高运动能力,延缓疲劳的产生,加快疲劳的消除,寻找不含违禁成分和毒副作用的药物和食物,是当今运动医学界的研究热点.中药灯盏花素在消除运动性疲劳和增强运动能力方面研究未见报道.笔者查阅灯盏花素的化学成分、功效及其药理作用和运动性疲劳的发生机制,认为灯盏花素消除运动性疲劳具有可行性.     

丹参总提物抗运动性疲劳作用研究

目的:观察丹参总提物(DSH)对小鼠抗运动性疲劳作用。方法:采用转轮式疲劳仪制备小鼠疲劳模型,测定运动力竭时间、血乳酸(LD)、血尿素氮(BUN)和肝组织中肝糖元(HG)含量,观察丹参总提物的抗疲劳作用;测定血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性、全血中血红蛋白浓度(Hb)以及氧化损伤指标骨骼肌丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,探讨丹参总提物抗疲劳作用的相关机制。结果:DSH可明显延长实验小鼠运动力竭时间,显著降低小鼠运动后血清LD和BUN含量,提高小鼠血清LDH活性,显著增加HG的储备量和降低血清MDA含量。结论:DSH具有明显的抗疲劳作用,其抗疲劳机制可能与增加乳酸脱氢酶活性、肝糖元储备以及抗氧化作用有关。     

中药防治疲劳作用机制的研究进展

疲劳是亚健康的典型表现,会导致身体发生一系列的生理变化。长期疲劳如不及时缓解,可诱发心血管功能障碍、精神障碍等严重病理反应。中药为防治疲劳、减缓继发性疾病提供了可靠的临床实践,具有抗疲劳作用的天然药物种类丰富,为开发利用新型抗疲劳药物提供崭新领域。通过对疲劳的认识、中药与天然药物防治疲劳的复杂机制进行综述,为揭示中药干预疲劳提供理论依据,也为开发具有抗疲劳潜力的新产品提供指导。     

方剂配伍中影响药物功效发挥各因素分析

方剂配伍中药物功效的发挥受多种因素影响,包括用药的剂量、药性、药物间相互关系等多种相关条件。通过对各因素的分析、试验及结果讨论得出:组方药物剂量、药物功效间作用、药物的寒热属性及甘草等特殊药物都是影响药物功效在方剂配伍中发挥的重要因素。     

Effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on tyrosine hydroxylase and related mechanisms in the forced swimming-induced fatigue rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Ginsenoside Rg3 has shown multiple pharmacological activities and been considered as one of the most promising approaches for fatigue treatment. However, little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of Rg3 on anti-fatigue and the effect of Rg3 on dopaminergic system has not been reported yet. The major aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Rg3 on TH expression and the related biochemical parameters, such as PKAα, ERK1/2, Akt and α-synuclein in brain of fatigue rats.

Materials and methods

Weight-loaded forced swimming was performed to establish an animal model of fatigue. Rg3 (10 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) was intragastrically administrated before swimming. The effect of Rg3 on the expression and phosphorylation of TH and TH-related proteins in fatigue rats or in SH-SY5Y cells was assessed with western blotting. HPLC was used to examine the level of DA and DOPAC in the fatigue rats tissues.

Results

TH and phosphorylated TH were decreased in different brain regions of which ventral midbrain were less affected in weight-loaded forced swimming rats. Pretreatment with Rg3 significantly suppressed fatigue-induced decrease expression of TH and TH phosphorylation. Also treatment with Rg3 reversed the decrease expression of PKAα as well as the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt which were induced by weight-loaded forced swimming. Moreover, weight-loaded swimming could induce the increase expression of α-synuclein in hippocampus and midbrain, while suppressed α-synuclein expression in striatum and prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, Rg3 could induce the increase of TH expression and phosphorylation which was accompanied with elevated expression and phosphorylation of related kinase proteins in vitro, while the inhibitors of kinase proteins could suppress these effects of Rg3. In addition, HPLC results showed that Rg3 could reverse the weight-loaded swimming-induced increase of DOPAC/DA ratio.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that fatigue can induce the decrease of DA which might partially result from the change of TH expression and phosphorylation, and Rg3 can reverse these fatigue-induced changes. The underling mechanisms may include the activity changes of PKAα, ERK1/2, Akt and α-synuclein.     

基于网络药理学的补中益气丸抗疲劳机制研究

目的：探讨补中益气丸发挥抗疲劳作用的主要活性成分和潜在的机制。方法：通过中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台（TCMSP）筛选补中益气丸中的活性成分,利用Swiss Target Prediction、Drugbank、Cytoscape 3.7.1、R语言等数据库及软件预测活性成分作用靶点和“疲劳”相关靶点、构建疾病-药物-有效成分-靶基因的互作网络和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）网络,并进行关键靶基因的基因本体（GO）富集分析和京都基因和基因组百科全书（KEGG）富集分析,最后通过设计动物实验探究补中益气丸的抗疲劳药效。结果：分析表明与补中益气丸抗疲劳相关的163个潜在活性成分作用于与疲劳相关的108个靶点和160条通路。进一步网络特征分析发现表现主要活性成分为黄酮类和甾醇类化合物,通过参与脂多糖应答、对原细菌分子的反应等生物过程,调控MAPK、PI3K-AKT、TNF等信号通路进而发挥抗疲劳作用。药效学试验结果提示补中益气丸可显著增强小鼠运动耐力,但无显著缓解体力疲劳的效果。结论：补中益气丸具有多成分-多靶点-多途径的抗疲劳特点,其活性成分作用于多个靶点蛋白,调控多个生物过程及信号通路,起到改善机体氧化应激反应,调控细胞功能等作用,但在调节机体能量代谢方面未有明显的富集效果及药效学试验结果。本研究为进一步开发抗疲劳功能产品及药品和临床应用提供理论指导,为探究补中益气丸抗疲劳作用机制提供新思路。     

疲劳自评量表的信、效度评价

目的 评价疲劳自评量表的信、效度。 方法 通过将疲劳自评量表用于4组不同的人群,比较其疲劳类型、程度及特征的差异,采用SPSS和LISREL统计软件中的内部一致性信度分析、探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析的方法,对量表的信度、结构效度进行检验。 结果 4组受试人群的疲劳类型、程度及特征差异有统计学意义,量表各因子格朗巴赫系数（Cronbach’s alpha）为0.772～0.908;量表中反映疲劳类型及程度部分的RMSEA（近似误差的均方根）=0.065,NNFI（非范拟合指数）=0.95,CFI（比较拟合指数）=0.96;反映疲劳特征部分的RMSEA=0.10,NNFI=0.93,CFI=0.96。 结论 该疲劳自评量表用于评定不同人群的疲劳类型、程度及特征时,具有良好的区分度、信度及结构效度。为了进一步探索疲劳的类型、程度及特征与中医证候的关系,在今后的疲劳评定及疲劳干预效果评价的应用中应与中医辨证相结合。     

基于中西医临床病证特点的抽动障碍动物模型评价分析

抽动障碍（Tic disorders， TD）是儿科临床常见疾病，发病机制尚未完全明确，TD动物实验研究是探索其发病机制的重要方法，而TD模型的构建是动物实验成功的关键。目前TD动物模型造模方法多样，但尚无一种公认的、标准的模型评价方法。近年来提出的基于中西医临床病证特点的动物模型评价方法注重与临床相结合，为TD动物模型评价提供了新的思路。因此，笔者采用基于中西医临床病证特点的动物模型评价方法对现有TD动物模型的造模方法、机制、优缺点及与中西医临床病证吻合度等进行评价分析。结果 显示目前抽动障碍动物模型种类较多，但尚无一种模型可同时与中西医临床病证具有高吻合度，IDPN+隔日断食+慢性束缚+游泳复合模型与中西医临床病证吻合度一般，多数动物模型与西医临床病证吻合度低，缺乏中医证候表现。TD动物模型评价面临着缺乏客观评价指标的现状，加之TD病证结合模型研究匮乏、与中西医临床病证吻合度低，无法满足TD模型研究客观化、标准化的要求，在一定程度上限制了中医药对该疾病的研究。因此，采用多因素造模方法构建病证结合动物模型，并基于抽动障碍中西医临床诊疗特点建立起TD动物模型评价标准，对TD的研究进展具有重要意义。     

四棱筋骨草等对小鼠抗运动疲劳比较研究

目的：研究四棱筋骨草水浸液对小鼠的抗运动疲劳作用。方法：通过对小鼠分组灌胃四棱筋骨草、红参、肉苁蓉、太子参水煎液和生理盐水后小鼠的游泳时间、血尿素氮、肝糖原和肌糖原的测定,观察比较四棱筋骨草、肉苁蓉、太子参和红参水浸液对小鼠抗运动疲劳作用。结果：四棱筋骨草、红参、肉苁蓉、太子参水煎液均能增强小鼠抗运动疲劳的作用。结论：民间草药四棱筋骨草与传统补益类中药红参、肉苁蓉、太子参一样可明显提高机体抗运动疲劳的能力,可以作为提高机体运动适应性药物开发和应用的资源植物。     

Anti-fatigue activity of the water-soluble polysaccharides isolated from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer

Aim of the study

Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (ginseng) is a well-known Chinese herb often used in Asian countries for physical strength development. Ginseng polysaccharides are its active component and have a lot of pharmaceutical activities. However, anti-fatigue activity of ginseng polysaccharides has not yet been tested. The current study was designed to evaluate the anti-fatigue activity of ginseng polysaccharides (WGP) in an animal test for fatigue and compare the activities between the neutral (WGPN) and acidic (WGPA) portion in an attempt to determine whether the medicinal uses are supported by pharmacological effects.

Materials and methods

WGP, WGPN and WGPA were orally administrated to mice once daily for 15 days. Anti-fatigue activity was assessed using the forced swim test (FST) and serum biochemical parameters were determined by autoanalyzer and commercially available kits.

Results

While all compounds were found to reduce immobility in the FST, the effect of WGPA was demonstrated in lower doses compared with WGP and WGPN. Moreover, the FST-induced reduction in glucose (GLU) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and increase in creatine phosphokinase (CK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, all indicators of fatigue, were inhibited by the corresponding doses of WGP, WGPN and WGPA.

Conclusions

Ginseng polysaccharides have anti-fatigue activity, also reflected in the effects on the physiological markers for fatigue. The acidic polysaccharide is more potent than the neutral polysaccharide.     

Bioactivity-guided fractionation for anti-fatigue property of Acanthopanax senticosus

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The root of Acanthopanax senticosus (also called Eleutherococcus senticosus or Siberian ginseng) has been used extensively in China, Russia and Japan as an adaptogen to fight against stress and fatigue.

Aim of the study

The present study was designed to ascertain the anti-fatigue property of Acanthopanax senticosus by load-weighted swimming test, sleep deprivation test, also to isolate and characterize the active constituents.

Materials and methods

Animals were orally administered with the extract of Acanthopanax senticosus. The anti-fatigue effects of the four fractions with different polarities from the 80% ethanol extract, and the different eluates collected from D101 macroporous resin chromatography and eleutheroside E, were examined based on the weight-loaded swimming capacity (physical fatigue) and the change of biochemical parameters in ICR mice. Moreover, the active fraction was later submitted to sleep-deprived mice (mental fatigue).

Results

The results shown that the n-butanol fraction significant extends the swimming time of mice to exhaustion. Furthermore, the 60% ethanol-water eluate, more purified eleutherosides (including eleutheroside E, E₂ and derivatives), were the exactly active constituents. Two compounds were isolated, which were identified as eleutheroside E, E₂.

Conclusions

The eleutherosides possess the potent abilities to alleviate fatigue both in physical and mental fatigue. Eleutheroside E may be responsible for the pharmacological effect of anti-fatigue. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms were reduced the level of TG by increasing fat utilization, delayed the accumulation of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and increased the LDH to reduce the accumulation of lactic acid in muscle and then protect the muscle tissue.     

健力怡神膏对慢性疲劳模型小鼠的影响

目的观察健力怡神膏的抗疲劳、镇痛和耐缺氧作用。方法通过健力怡神膏对疲劳模型小鼠疲劳指标、对醋酸扭体法痛觉模型小鼠痛觉、对正常小鼠常压耐缺氧时间的影响实验,观察健力怡神膏的抗疲劳、镇痛和耐缺氧作用。结果健力怡神膏能显著延长疲劳模型小鼠的力竭时间,降低游泳后疲劳小鼠血清尿素氮含量,对化学物质(醋酸)所引起的疼痛有显著的镇痛作用,能够提高小鼠对抗常压耐缺氧应激的能力。结论健力怡神膏具有良好的抗疲劳、镇痛和耐缺氧作用,对慢性疲劳综合征有综合治疗作用。     

大鼠行为学评价在针刺作用机制研究中的应用

本文从大鼠行为学评分角度综述有关针刺作用机制研究的文献,肯定了针刺在不同疾病动物模型实验研究中的疗效。在实验中要根据不同的目的选择适当的评分方法。本文对运动功能缺损情况的评价、认知功能障碍评价、大鼠情绪评分、大鼠疼痛行为学评分在针刺治疗不同疾病动物模型中的应用进行了归纳总结,并指出现行使用的某些评分方法因自身局限性尚需要改进,而且还应开发更多的评分方法以更好地评价针刺治疗疾病的效果。