Efficacy of the steroidal fraction of fenugreek seed extract on fertility of male albino rats

T. foenum-graecum seed extract (100 mg/day/rat) was fed orally to male albino rats for 60 days. The sperm count and motility of cauda spermatozoa declined significantly leading to negative fertility tests. The organ weights as well as androgen dependent parameters (protein, sialic acid and fructose) were lower, revealing the reduction in circulating androgen. Cholesterol is a precursor of androgen. The increase in testicular and serum cholesterol may be co-related with its nonutilization by the system, leading to a fall in circulating androgen and hence the altered histoarchitecture observed. Therefore T. foenum-graecum extract exerts both antifertility and antiandrogenic activities.     

欧蓍草花水提物减轻环磷酰胺对大鼠睾丸毒性的体视学研究(英文)

Cyclophosphamide(CP) is extensively used for the treatment of various cancers,as well as an immunosuppressive agent.However,CP is known to cause several adverse effects including reproductive toxicity.Achillea millefolium,a widely distributed medicinal plant,is highly regarded for its medicinal activities,including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.The present study was conducted to assess whether Achillea millefolium inflorescences aqueous extract with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities could serve as a protective agent against reproductive toxicity during CP treatment.Male Wistar rats were categorized into four groups.Two groups of rats were administered CP at a dose of 5 mg·kg-1·d-1 for 28 d by oral gavages.One of these groups received Achillea aqueous extract at a dose of 1.2 g·kg-1·d-1 orally 4 h after cyclophosphamide administration.A vehicle treated control group and an Achillea control group were also included.The CP-treated group showed significant decreases in the body,testes and epidi-dymides weights as well as many histological alterations.Stereological parameters,spermatogenic activities and testicular antioxidant capacity along with epididymal sperm count and serum testosterone concentration were also significantly decreased by CP treatment.Notably,Achillea co-administration caused a partial recovery in above-mentioned parameters.These findings indicate that Achillea millefolium inflorescence aqueous extract may be partially protective against CP-induced testicular toxicity.     

Momordica charantia fruit extract with antioxidant capacity improves the expression of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in epididymal fluid of chronic stress rats

ObjectiveAlthough the protective effects of Momordica charantia L. (MC) extract on chemical-induced testicular damage have been studied, the preventive effects of MC extract on functional proteins in the epididymis under chronic stress have never been reported. This study investigated the protective effects of MC fruit extract on protein secretion, especially tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, in the epididymis of rats exposed to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS).MethodsTotal phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoid compounds (TFC) and antioxidant capacities of MC extract were measured. Adult male rats were divided into 4 groups: control group, CUS group, and 2 groups of CUS that received different doses of MC extract (40 or 80 mg/kg). In treated groups, rats were given MC daily, followed by induction of CUS (1 stressor was randomly applied from a battery of 9 potential stressors) for 60 consecutive days. Plasma corticosterone and testosterone levels were analyzed after the end of experiment. Expressions of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP-70) and tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins present in the fluid of the head and tail of the epididymis were quantified using Western blot.ResultsMC extract contained TPC of (19.005 ± 0.270) mg gallic acid equivalents and TFC of (0.306 ± 0.012) mg catechin equivalents per gram, and had 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl antioxidant capacity of (4.985 ± 0.086) mg trolox equivalents per gram, radical 50% inhibitory concentration of (2.011 ± 0.008) mg/mL and ferric reducing antioxidant power of (23.697 ± 0.819) µmol Fe(II) per gram. Testosterone level in the epididymis was significantly increased, while the corticosterone level was significantly improved in groups treated with MC extract, compared to the CUS animals. Particularly, an 80 mg/kg dose of MC extract prevented the impairments of HSP-70 and tyrosine-phosphorylated protein expressions in the luminal fluid of the epididymis of CUS rats.ConclusionMC fruit extract had antioxidant activities and improved the functional proteins secreted from the head and tail of the epididymis. It is possible to develop the MC fruit extract as a male fertility supplement for enhancing functional sperm maturation in stressed men.     

Contraceptive efficacy of Carica papaya seed extract in male mice (Mus musculus)

The effects of an aqueous extract of Carica papaya seeds (20 mg/kg body weight/animal/day orally and 5 mg/kg body weight/animal/day i.m. for 60 days) were investigated for contraceptive efficacy and other related side effects in male albino mice, Mus musculus. The data revealed that the extract might be causing an androgen deprived effect to target organs resulting in alterations in the internal milieu of the cauda epididymis especially. The treatment did not, however, affect the testicular sperm count suggesting that it acted at the post-testicular level which lead to a reduction of cauda epididymal sperm motility and thus the treatment brought about a significant reduction in fertility rate. The induced effects were transient and reversible upon withdrawal of the treatment, elucidating that functional sterility could be induced by the aqueous papaya seed extract in rodents.     

维药芜菁籽多糖体外抗氧化活性研究

目的：通过体外清除自由基试验初步研究芜菁籽多糖的抗氧化活性。方法：采用脱脂,水提,除蛋白,脱色,醇沉等方法提取多糖。利用4种常见的体外抗氧化活性测试方法,即清除DPPH·自由基,羟自由基,超氧阴离子自由基以及总还原能力等来衡量芜菁籽多糖的抗氧化能力,并与维生素C（Vc）进行对照。结果：芜菁籽多糖提取率为2.34%,并具有一定的抗氧化活性,抗氧化能力与浓度之间有很好的量效关系,浓度越大,抗氧化活性越强。其中芜菁籽多糖的总还原能力较强,清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力较弱。结论：芜菁籽多糖具有天然抗氧化能力,在以芜菁籽为原料开发多糖类功能食品方面有较现实的实际意义。     

大豆异黄酮对醋酸铅致小鼠睾丸组织损伤的影响

目的研究大豆异黄酮对醋酸铅致雄性小鼠生殖系统损伤的保护作用及作用机制。方法采用ip醋酸铅(20 mg/kg)连续7 d的方法制备雄性小鼠生殖系统损伤模型,造模第2天开始,大豆异黄酮低、中、高剂量(150、300、600 mg/kg)组分别ig给药,连续30 d。检测雄性小鼠的睾丸指数、精子密度、精子畸变率,血清中NO的量,睾丸组织中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和丙二醛(MDA)的量及Na+,K+-ATP酶及Ca2+-ATP酶活性等指标,并观察睾丸、附睾组织的病理改变。结果与模型组比较,大豆异黄酮中、高剂量组的睾丸指数、精子密度增加,精子畸变率降低(P<0.05、0.01),睾丸组织中Na+,K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-ATP酶活性增强(P<0.05、0.01),血清中NO的量降低(P<0.05、0.01);大豆异黄酮低、中、高剂量组睾丸组织中MDA的量降低(P<0.05、0.01),高剂量可提高睾丸组织中LDH的活性(P<0.05)。病理观察可见,模型组睾丸组织生精上皮明显变薄,生精细胞层次和数量减少,多数生精小管腔未见精子形成,附睾液内未见精子,可见大量圆细胞,而大豆异黄酮可改善醋酸铅所致生精细胞的损伤。结论大豆异黄酮对醋酸铅致小鼠睾丸组织损伤有一定保护作用,作用机制与抗氧化及降低NO的量有关。     

Dietary Phenolic Acids of Macrotyloma uniflorum (Horse Gram) Protect the Rat Heart Against Isoproterenol‐Induced Myocardial Infarction

The present study investigates the cardioprotective activity of the Macrotyloma uniflorum seed extract (MUSE) and its phenolic acids (p‐coumaric acid and ferulic acid) in isoproterenol (ISO)‐induced myocardial infarction in rats. The previously mentioned phenolic acids were isolated and quantified from MUSE by HPLC. Pretreatment of gemfibrozil (reference standard), MUSE (250 and 500 mg/kg) and the phenolic acids for 30 days to rats treated with ISO (85 mg/kg) on the last 2 days resulted in a significant attenuation of the ISO‐elevated levels of serum marker enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase MB), total cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, C‐reactive protein and malondialdehyde and a restoration of the levels of the ISO‐depleted marker enzymes, reduced glutathione and the antioxidant enzymes—superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in heart. Restoration of the ISO‐altered electrocardiogram pattern and haemodynamic parameters (left ventricular end diastolic pressure, heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure) was also brought about by treatment with MUSE and the phenolic acids. It may be concluded that MUSE treatment to ISO‐challenged rats exhibits a significant cardioprotective effect probably because of the potent antioxidant activity of its phenolic acids that salvage the myocardium from the deleterious effects of ISO. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. leaves in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The leaves of Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. have been utilized traditionally for the cure of diabetes.

Aim of the study

The present study was aimed to assess the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of T. asiatica leaves in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats.

Materials and methods

The phytochemical screening, total phenolic content, HPLC analysis, acute toxicity study and oral glucose tolerance test were carried out. Glucose lowering effect of the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of T. asiatica leaves was studied in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The antidiabetic and antioxidant activities were studied for the ethyl acetate extract. The effects of extracts on blood glucose, body weight, plasma insulin, total protein, liver glycogen, plasma enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and ALP) and activities of SOD, CAT and GPx were analyzed.

Results

T. asiatica leaves ethyl acetate extract (TALEe) showed highly significant blood glucose lowering effect. Phytochemical evaluation of TALEe showed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, cumarins, flavonoids and phenolic compounds. The total phenolic content of TALEe was 126 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g extract. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of flindersine and ulopterol. Acute toxicity study of TALEe revealed no death or toxicity. The oral glucose tolerance test showed lowered area under curve (AUC_glucose) values in TALEe treated rats. After treatment with TALEe (250 and 500 mg/kg) for 28 days there was a significant decrease in blood glucose, plasma enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and ALP) and significant increase in body weight, total protein, serum insulin and liver glycogen levels in treated diabetic rats. The activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GPx were reversed to near normal in treated diabetic rats. Histopathology of pancreas in TALEe treated groups showed regeneration of β-cells.

Conclusion

The results of the experiments showed that TALEe exerted significant antidiabetic and antioxidant effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats justifying its traditional use.     

Hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extracts of bark of Zanthoxylum armatum DC in CCl4 induced hepatic damage in rats

Aim of the study

Zanthoxylum armatum DC is described as a hepatoprotective in Ayurveda, the Indian system of medicine. However, there is no scientific basis or reports in the modern literature regarding its usefulness as a hepatoprotective agent. The present study was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extract of bark of Zanthoxylum armatum DC in CCl₄ induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats.

Materials and methods

Ethanolic extracts at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg were administered orally once daily for 7 days. The hepatoprotective activity was assessed using various biochemical parameters like alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, serum bilirubin, total protein and serum antioxidant enzymes along with histopathological studies of liver tissue.

Results

The substantially elevated serum enzymatic levels of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin were significantly restored towards normalization by the extracts. Bark extracts significantly increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione. Phytochemical analysis revealed presence of isoquinoline alkaloid, berberine, as well as flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which have been known for their hepatoprotective activities.

Conclusions

Zanthoxylum armatum DC possesses significant protective effect against hepatotoxicity induced by CCl₄ which may be attributed to the individual or combined action of phytoconstituents present in it.     

蚊子草抗氧化物提取工艺优选及抗氧化活性考察

目的:优选蚊子草抗氧化物的提取工艺并测定抗氧化提取物及其纯化物的抗氧化活性.方法:以总黄酮和总酚酸含量为指标,采用正交试验法优选蚊子草抗氧化物的提取工艺;采用DPPH法研究抗氧化提取物及其纯化物的体外抗氧化活性.结果:最佳提取工艺为10倍量65％乙醇加热回流提取3次,每次2.0h;抗氧化提取物及其纯化物的DPPH自由基清除率分别约为70％,90％.结论:优选的提取工艺稳定、可靠;蚊子草抗氧化物及其纯化物具有较强的体外抗氧化活性.     

生川乌配伍瓜蒌对大鼠长期毒性实验研究

目的: 观察生川乌配伍瓜蒌对大鼠长期毒性的影响,探讨该反药对配伍与毒性的关系。 方法: SD大鼠80只随机分为生川乌单行(RA)0.3 g·kg^-1、生川乌与瓜蒌(1:1)配伍(RAFT)0.3,0.1 g·kg^-1生川乌剂量组、空白对照组,每组20只,雌雄各半,连续ig给药30 d,末次给药24 h后,腹主动脉取血,取脏器计算脏器指数,检测心肌酸激酶(CK),乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、天门冬氨酸氨基转氨酶(AST),丙氨酸氨基转氨酶(ALT)、肾尿素氮(BUN),血清肌酐(Cr)等生化指标,主要组织器官进行病理学检查。余1/3大鼠停药15 d后检测相应指标。 结果: 各给药组雌性大鼠肾脏系数高于对照组、胸腺系数低于对照组、红细胞数高于对照组(P<0.05),各给药组雌雄大鼠血清AST,ALT,LDH及BUN水平高于对照组 (P<0.05或P<0.01),RA组及RAFT 0.3 g·kg^-1组雌性大鼠血清Cr水平高于对照组 (P<0.05或P<0.01);RA组雌性大鼠AST,LDH水平高于RAFT 0.1 g·kg^-1组 (P<0.05或P<0.01);RAFT 0.3 g·kg^-1组雌性大鼠AST,ALT,Cr,LDH水平及雄性大鼠AST水平高于RAFT 0.1 g·kg^-1组 (P<0.05或P<0.01)。主要脏器常规HE染色,RAFT 0.3 g·kg^-1及RA组大鼠心、肝、肾均有一定程度损伤。恢复期末,RAFT及RA组雌性大鼠血清AST,ALT水平及雄性大鼠血清ALT水平高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),RAFT及RA组AST,ALT水平差异无统计学意义。 结论: 在所给剂量下,生川乌对大鼠心、肝、肾有明显毒性,RAFT对大鼠心、肝、肾等器官的毒性与RA组比较无明显差异,RA及RAFT对雌性大鼠毒性强于雄性大鼠。     

匙羹藤果水提液降血糖作用及其作用机制

目的:研究匙羹藤果水提液的降血糖作用,并探讨其相关的作用机制。方法:采用改良寇氏法对急性毒性进行研究,以四氧嘧啶致高血糖的糖尿病小鼠和大鼠为模型,以二甲双胍作为阳性药,以葡萄糖过氧化物酶法(GOD-POD)测定小鼠和大鼠血糖,观察匙羹果水提液高、中、低剂量组的降血糖作用,分别按照SOD活性试剂盒,总胆固醇试剂盒(COD-CE-PAP法),甘油三酯试剂盒(GPO-PAP法)检测法,GOD-POD法测定高血糖小鼠用药前后的SOD活性,高血糖大鼠给药前后总胆固醇、甘油三酯,正常小鼠糖耐量等指标,比较用药前后高血糖大鼠胰胰腺组织的病理状态,探讨匙羹藤果水提液降血糖的作用机制。结果:匙羹藤果水提液的半数致死浓度(LD50)为66.65 g·kg~(-1),水提液能明显降低四氧嘧啶致高血糖小鼠和大鼠血糖,与正常组比较,模型组的血糖有显著性差异(P0.01);与模型组比较,各给药组的血糖有显著性差异(P0.01),提高糖尿病小鼠SOD活性,降低糖尿病大鼠甘油三酯,修复糖尿病大鼠的胰腺和增加其胰岛数量,同时不影响正常小鼠的糖代谢。结论:匙羹藤果水提液具有较好的降血糖作用,其作用机制与提高机体的抗氧化能力、调节脂代谢和糖代谢有关,为明确匙羹藤果降血糖的药效物质基础提供了科学依据。     

Cyclophosphamide-induced reproductive toxicity: Beneficial effects of Helichrysum odoratissimum (Asteraceae) in male Wistar rats

ObjectiveCyclophosphamide (CP) is commonly used to treat some cancers, but its clinical efficacy is also linked with testicular toxicity. We investigated the effects of aqueous extract (AE) and methanolic extract (ME) of Helichrysum odoratissimum for reducing CP-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats.MethodsIn addition to a normal control (group 1), drugs or vehicles were administered orally to seven groups (n = 5) of rats that had already received 4-weeks of pre-treatment with CP (5 mg/[kg·d], per oral administration); group 2 received CP + distilled water (10 mL/[kg·d]); group 3 received CP + 5% tween 80 (10 mL/[kg·d]); group 4 received CP + clomiphene citrate (0.25 mg/[kg·d]); groups 5 and 6 received CP + AE (50 and 100 mg/[kg·d]) and groups 7 and 8 received CP + ME (50 and 100 mg/[kg·d]). Animals were sacrificed on day 15, and body and sexual organ weights, sperm characteristics, testosterone level and testicular histology were evaluated.ResultsThe CP-treated group showed a significant reduction (P < 0.001) in the body and seminal vesicle weights, testosterone level, sperm count, sperm motility and sperm viability, but elevated (P < 0.001) sperm morphological abnormalities and testicular structure alterations, compared to the control group. Interestingly, these detrimental effects of CP were reversed by treatment with H. odoratissimum extracts. For instance, both extracts and all doses of H. odoratissimum significantly increased the sperm count (P < 0.001), sperm motility (AE, 50 mg/kg, P < 0.05; ME, 50 and 100 mg/kg, P < 0.05) and sperm viability (AE, 50 mg/kg, P < 0.001; ME, 50 and 100 mg/kg, P < 0.001) compared to the CP group. H. odoratissimum also improved plasmatic and intratesticular testosterone levels and prevented histological alterations of the testes.ConclusionH. odoratissimum might be considered as an alternative drug to alleviate/prevent reproductive damage in cancer patients receiving CP chemotherapy.     

甘草地上部分的安全性评价

目的:评价甘草地上部分的毒理学安全性,为合理利用甘草地上部分资源提供依据。方法:采用急性经口毒性实验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核实验、小鼠精子畸形实验以及基于炎症模型的安全性实验的方法,并对实验结果进行统计分析与判定。结果:甘草地上部分水提物和醇提物对小鼠的最大耐受剂量(MTD)分别为96,128 g·kg~(-1),醇提物大孔树脂富集产物对小鼠有伤害且表现出性别差异。骨髓细胞微核实验甘草地上部分水提物低、中、高剂量(8,16,32 g·kg~(-1))组和正常组的微核率分别为0. 28%,0. 34%,0. 26%,0. 22%(雌性)和0. 32%,0. 30%,0. 36%,0. 28%(雄性);小鼠精子畸形实验甘草地上部分低、中、高剂量(8,16,32 g·kg~(-1))组和正常组的精子畸形率分别为3. 16%,3. 01%,2. 67%,3. 23%;微核率和精子畸形率与正常组比较无明显增加; 30 d重复灌胃水提物和醇提物对模型大鼠的一般情况无影响,其中,与正常组比较,甘草地上部分醇提组心脏质量显著降低(P 0. 05),肝脏质量、肝脏指数和肾脏指数明显升高(P 0. 05);水提组与醇提组的球蛋白与血肌酐明显升高(P 0. 05),个别大鼠氨基转移酶异常;解剖学考察发现4例肉眼可见的肝病变,其中甘草地上部分水提组3例,甘草地上部分醇提组1例,组织病理学检查发现肝细胞变性与组织炎症,与出现生化指标与脏器指数异常的大鼠一致。结论:甘草地上部分水提物、醇提物具有潜在毒性,水提物未显示对小鼠有遗传毒性,其安全性尚需进一步研究。     

甘遂醋炙对正常及癌性腹水模型大鼠毒性的影响

目的:考察甘遂醋炙前后对正常及癌性腹水模型大鼠毒性的差异。方法:以正常及癌性腹水模型大鼠为研究对象,分组后连续7 d灌胃生、醋甘遂粉末及其提取物,各给药组按0.34 mg·g-1灌胃,空白组与模型组给予0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠。考察给药后对大鼠肝、胃、肠组织病理形态学、血清肝功能指标、氧化损伤指标的影响。结果:与空白组比较,各正常给药组大鼠肝、胃、肠组织均出现显著损伤,血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST),丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活力显著升高,谷胱甘肽(GSH)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量显著降低,丙二醛(MDA)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量显著升高;其中生甘遂粉末作用最为显著,醋甘遂该作用显著降低。与模型组比较,各模型给药组大鼠组织损伤有所减轻,血清AST,ALT,ALP活力显著降低,GSH和SOD含量显著升高,MDA和LDH含量显著降低;其中模型生、醋粉组功效最为显著,且两组间无显著性差异。结论:甘遂醋炙后对正常动物的毒性较生甘遂低;在模型动物上,生、醋甘遂均可显著缓解模型的损伤。     

锦灯笼果实提取工艺优选及抗氧化活性考察

目的：优选锦灯笼果实的提取工艺并考察提取物的体外抗氧化活性。方法：以总黄酮、总酚酸提取量为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验考察乙醇体积分数、提取时间及料液比对锦灯笼果实醇提工艺的影响,考察提取物对ABTS自由基的清除能力。结果：最佳提取工艺为加20倍量85%乙醇提取2次,每次0.5 h;总黄酮和总酚酸平均提取量分别为0.618,1.152 mg·g^-1,RSD依次为1.66%,1.19%。结论：结合药效学试验筛选的提取工艺更加科学合理,锦灯笼果实具有一定的体外抗氧化能力。     

蛇床子不同溶剂提取物抗氧化活性研究

目的: 研究蛇床子不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性。方法: 采用索氏提取法得到蛇床子甲醇、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷和正己烷提取物,并测定了4种提取物总酚、总黄酮含量。通过测定提取物对二苯代苦味酰基(DPPH)自由基、2,2'连氨-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二胺盐(ABTS)自由基的清除能力和还原能力来研究其抗氧化能力。结果: 蛇床子不同溶剂提取物均具有良好的抗氧化活性,其中甲醇提取物抗氧化能力最强;抗氧化性能与提取物总酚和总黄酮含量存在着明显的量效关系。结论: 蛇床子提取物具有作为天然抗氧化剂的开发潜能。     

痔血胶囊水提物和醇提物对大鼠肝毒性的影响

目的:通过比较痔血胶囊水提物和醇提物对大鼠肝毒性的影响,探讨工艺因素对中药制剂安全性的影响。方法:Wistar大鼠80只,雌雄各半,随机分为空白组、全方水提组、全方60%醇提组、全方85%醇提组,除正常组灌服蒸馏水外,其余组按剂量4.1 g·kg~(-1)灌服对应药物,连续给药30 d。末次给药后,腹腔注射10%水合氯醛麻醉大鼠,腹主动脉取血,离心取血清,全自动生化仪检测血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST),碱性磷酸酶(ALP),丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT),总胆红素(TBIL)等血清肝功能指标;摘取肝脏,称取质量,计算脏器指数;取肝脏最大叶同一部位肝组织,10%中性甲醛固定48 h,脱水,石蜡包埋,切片,苏木素-伊红(HE)染色后,在光学显微镜下进行病理检查。结果:痔血胶囊全方醇提物存在明确的肝脏毒性,组织病理学主要表现为肝小叶周边带肝细胞小泡型脂肪变性;并且其肝毒性与提取溶剂中乙醇含量正相关;此外根据大鼠肝脏小灶状炎细胞浸润评分,发现痔血胶囊的抗炎作用,水提组明显优于醇提组,说明痔血胶囊醇提物较水提物药效降低。结论:工艺因素对中药复方制剂的安全性具有重要影响,提示今后新药研发应关注现代工艺对中药安全性的影响,过分强调成分富集存在严重的安全隐患,工艺筛选应采用毒效结合的思路。     

Hepatic,testicular and spermatozoa antioxidant status in rats chronically treated with Garcinia kolaseed

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Garcinia kola seed is commonly used in African Traditional Medicine as a remedy for liver disorders, hepatitis, bronchitis, throat infections as well as an aphrodisiac and fertility enhancing substance. Owing to the abundance of complex mixture of phenolic compounds in Garcinia kola seed, there is a growing safety concern on its long-term use in folklore medicine. The present study evaluated the hepatic, testicular and spermatozoa antioxidant status in rats chronically treated with Garcinia kolaseed.

Materials and methods

Adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups of 10 rats each and were orally administered with Garcinia kola at 0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg for 6consecutive weeks. Clinical observations, serum biochemistry, oxidative stress biomarkers, spermatozoa parameters and histopathological examination of the organs were assessed to monitor treatment-related adverse effects inrats.

Results

Long-term treatment of Garcinia kola had no adverse effect on the spermatozoa characteristics but significantly elevated testosterone concentration when compared to the control group. Improvement of antioxidant systems was accompanied by a significant decrease in malondialdehyde level in the liver, testes and spermatozoa of Garcinia kola-treated rats. Histological observation revealed that chronic administration of Garcinia kola had no effect on the liver and testes at all doses when compared with control.

Conclusion

Garcinia kola seed boosts the antioxidant status and exhibits no adverse effect on the liver, testes and spermatozoa after a long-term oral exposure inrats.     

葱白提取物对非酒精性脂肪肝模型大鼠ATPase6、ATPase8表达的影响

[目的]观察葱白提取物对非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)模型大鼠ATP合酶Fo亚基6(ATPase6)、ATP合酶Fo亚基8(ATPase8)表达的影响,并探讨其作用机制。[方法]将50只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、葱白低剂量组、葱白中剂量组、葱白高剂量组,每组10只。采用高脂饮食喂养复制NAFLD模型大鼠,造模10周后,给予葱白提取物连续干预4周后,测定血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)的含量;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色法观察肝脏组织结构变化;Real time PCR检测大鼠肝脏组织中ATPase6、ATPase8 mRNA的表达。[结果]与正常组比较,模型组出现明显肝脂肪变性,血清ALT、AST、TC、TG水平明显升高(P0.05),ATPase6、ATPase8 mRNA的表达明显降低(P0.05);相较于模型组,葱白低、中、高剂量组肝脂肪变性均不同程度减轻;血清ALT、AST、TC、TG水平均不同程度降低(P0.05),ATPase6、ATPase8 m RNA表达不同程度升高(P0.05)。与葱白低剂量组比较,葱白中、高剂量组肝脂肪变性减轻明显,ALT、AST、TC、TG水平明显降低(P0.05),ATPase6、ATPase8 mRNA水平明显升高(P0.05),中、高剂量葱白组之间差异无统计学意义。[结论]葱白提取物能够改善肝脂肪变性,可能与提高ATPase6、ATPase8的表达,增加肝线粒体ATP合成有关。