暂时性覆膜金属支架置入治疗支气管结核性狭窄10例

人口流动使肺结核发病率有所上升。10％，40％活动性肺结核有支气管内膜结核，90％支气管内膜结核有不同程度支气管狭窄。我们设计气管．主支气管分支型部分覆膜内支架，应用于10例主支气管内膜结核严重瘢痕性狭窄患，取得了满意疗效。     

左主支气管内支架置入术的护理

气管及支气管狭窄多因肿瘤或支气管内膜结核引起 ,患者常会出现呼吸困难。阻塞性肺气肿、肺不张 ,严重影响患者的呼吸功能。通过气管或支气管内支架置入 ,也能有效地改善患者的肺功能 ,提高患者的生活质量。我科于今年 11月初收治了一例因支气管内膜结核导致左主支气管狭窄的患者 ,在电透下行左主支气管内支架置入术 ,使狭窄的支气管重新扩张 ,明显改善了通气功能。现将在该患者治疗中的护理体会介绍如下。临床资料患者男性 ,37岁 ,患有支气管内膜结核、肺结核 6月余 ,经抗痨治疗 (方案为 2 HREZ/4HR)肺内病灶完全吸收 ,胸部 CT显示 :左…     

气管与主支气管良性狭窄金属支架植入后再狭窄及处理

目的观察良性气管、主支气管狭窄金属支架植入后再狭窄的发生情况,评价球囊扩张、冷冻、高频电凝对再狭窄的疗效。方法对30例良性气管狭窄(A组)、35例支气管结核(EBTB)性主支气管狭窄(B组)者行金属支架植入术,随访观察再狭窄的发生情况,对再狭窄者行球囊扩张、冷冻和高频电凝联合治疗。评价治疗前及病情稳定后狭窄段气道内径、气促指数和肺通气功能。结果(1)A组发生再狭窄者6例,B组发生再狭窄者8例,再狭窄率分别为20%和22.86%。共植入国产支架30枚,6例发生再狭窄,再狭窄率为20%(6/30);共植入Ultraflex支架36枚,8例发生再狭窄,再狭窄率为22.2%(8/36)(P>0.05)。气管上段支架植入再狭窄率为4/9,中下段支架植入再狭窄率为9.09%(χ2=5.114,P<0.05,但χ2c=3.100,P>0.05)。纤维化期EBTB再狭窄率为16.67%,炎症反应期EBTB再狭窄率为60%(χ2=4.564,P<0.05,但χ2c=2.437,P>0.05)。(2)A组再狭窄治疗有效率为4/6,其中上段和中下段分别为2/4和2/2。B组再狭窄治疗有效率为7/8。(3)2组患者病情稳定后与治疗前相比,狭窄段内径均增加,气促指数均下降,肺活量均升高,第1秒钟用力呼气容积均上升。结论良性气管狭窄、结核性主支气管狭窄金属支架植入后有部分患者发生再狭窄。气管上段再狭窄发生率高于中下段,对这部分患者行金属支架植入术时应慎重。处于炎症反应期的EBTB再狭窄发生率高于纤维化期,应尽量避免对这部分患者行金属支架植入术。球囊扩张、冷冻和高频电凝是治疗支架植入后再狭窄的有效方法。     

气管支气管支架置入术治疗气管狭窄178例临床分析

目的探讨气管支气管支架置入术治疗气管狭窄的临床疗效。方法选择我院2001年9月至2011年9月治疗的178例气管狭窄患者,在对气道状况进行综合评估的基础上,采用气管支气管支架置入术进行治疗,并对治疗效果、并发症、死亡情况进行分析。结果共放置支架192个,裸支架120个,覆膜支架72个。支架的放置于气管支架103个,右主支气管48个,左主支气管41个。患者在治疗前的气促症状评级为3～4级,治疗后显著改善(P<0.05)。体力状况也得到了明显的恢复(P<0.05)。术后发生气道感染29例,10例患者因肿瘤扩散导致气管再次堵塞,呼吸困难症状加重,重新安装支架。随访观察6个月,死亡62人,死亡原因包括呼吸衰竭、肺部感染、大咯血等,存活率为65.2%(116/178)。大部分存活患者的纤维支气管镜复查结果显示,支架可较好的上皮化,未发生脱落。结论气管支气管支架置入术治疗气管狭窄安全有效,为气管狭窄的治疗提供了一个新的选择。     

气管支气管支架置入的临床应用(附5例报告)

目的观察经纤维支气管镜国产镍钛记忆合金大气道支架置入的近期疗效。方法5例气管支气管狭窄,在电视透视下行经纤支镜气管支气管支架置入术。结果一次性放置成功4例。5例均扩张良好,4例呼吸困难立即缓解,缺氧症状改善;1例左主支气管内膜结核致伴左肺阻塞性肺气肿患者,复查左肺阻塞性肺气肿消失。结论经纤支镜大气道支架置入治疗大气道重度狭窄安全、有效。     

气管狭窄的急诊支架置入治疗

目的 :评价急诊支架置入治疗气管狭窄的临床效果。方法 :对 16例因恶性肿瘤 (气管或支气管癌、食管癌、肺癌、纵隔肿瘤 )致气管狭窄的患者 ,在X线下经纤支镜放置镍钛记忆合金支架。结果 :16例中放置气管支架 14例 ,支气管支架 2例 ,均置入成功。所有病例支架置入后呼吸困难即刻好转。随访观察 3～ 2 6个月 ,8例经放化疗仍存活者 ,无呼吸困难及支架移位。结论 :采用气管支架急诊治疗气管狭窄是十分有效的方法     

气管支气管腔内金属支架置放术的护理

气管支气管的重度狭窄严重影响通气功能 ,病因以肿瘤居多 ,患者呼吸困难 ,常因呼吸衰竭而死亡。气管支气管腔内金属支架置入可对气管支气管起支撑作用 ,使气道张开 ,通气功能即刻改善 ,为进一步治疗赢得时间 ,创造条件 ,同时也提高了患者的生命质量。我们在近二年先后为 8例气管支气管重度狭窄的患者进行了腔内镍钛记忆合金支架置放术 ,现将护理经验介绍如下 :1　临床资料8例患者中男 5例 ,女 3例 ,年龄 5 8～ 84岁 ,其中气管狭窄5例 ,右主支气管狭窄 1例 ,右主支气管并右中间支气管狭窄 2例。气道狭窄的病因中 ,3例为食管癌术后纵隔淋巴结…     

经纤支镜治疗各型支气管内膜结核的疗效观察

目的 了解经纤支镜对各型支气管内膜结核的治疗疗效。方法 对初治涂阳经纤支镜诊断确诊的支气管内膜结核的病人,在异烟肼（H）、利福平（R）、吡嗪酰胺（Z）,乙胺丁醇（E）化疗的基础上同时每周一次行纤支镜局部治疗为观察组,共64例,将单纯口服HRZE分为对照组69例,观察痰菌转阴情况;肺不张改善情况;瘢痕狭窄发生情况。结果 以浸润型为主的支气管内膜结核各项观察指标,观察组与治疗组无显著差异以溃疡和增殖为主的支气管内膜结核治疗组的各项观察指标优于对照组;以瘢痕狭窄为主的支气管内膜结核观察组与对照组在改变支气管狭窄方面无显著差异。结论 1、以浸润型为主的支气管内膜结核不需纤支镜治疗就能获得与辅用纤支镜相同的效果。2、以溃疡型或增殖型为主的支气管内膜结核诊断一旦确定应尽早采取纤支镜局部治疗可有效地减少和减轻支气管狭窄的发生。3、对瘢痕狭窄型的支气管内膜结核用纤支镜辅助治疗不能改变支气管的狭窄程度应借助于支架或激光治疗。     

纤支镜高频电刀治疗气管支气管结核

目的探讨经纤维支气管镜高频电刀治疗支气管结核的疗效。方法对在我科住院治疗的45例肉芽增殖型和瘢痕狭窄型的气管支气管结核患者,经纤支镜高频电切、电灼肉芽组织和瘢痕,扩大管腔,术后在病灶内注入异烟肼0.2、丁胺卡那0.4和地塞米松5 mg,并观察其疗效。结果 43例患者解除和缓解气道阻塞,症状消失,肺部病灶明显好转,治疗有效率95.6%。结论经纤支镜高频电刀治疗肉芽增殖型和瘢痕狭窄型的气管支气管结核会取得满意的疗效,但要掌握适应症和一定的操作技巧。     

经纤维支气管镜诊治支气管结核临床分析

目的探讨经纤维支气管镜诊断、治疗支气管内膜结核的价值。方法 47例患者采用日本Olympus BF-P20型纤维支气管镜刷片检查抗酸杆菌和病理检查诊断为支气管内膜结核,并于纤支镜下局部多点注射异烟肼治疗。结果 47例患者根据纤支镜下表现可分为浸润型9例,溃病型16例,增殖型15例和纤维狭窄型7例;发病部位:左上叶气管受累10例,左舌叶气管受累10例,左下叶气管受累9例,右上叶气管受累7例,右中叶气管受累6例,右下叶气管受累5例;经纤支镜局部注射药物治疗后症状好转,糜烂、坏死、溃疡、息肉病灶消散。结论纤支镜检是支气管内膜结核最重要的检查方法之一。经纤支镜多点药物局部注射治疗是支气管内膜结核有效治疗手段。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

CagA-Hp抗体IgG与胃炎的组织学分析

研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃炎的关系。方法对204例慢性胃炎患者胃粘膜进行观察分析,并测定其中137例Hp阳性患者血清CagA-Hp抗体IgG水平,与组织学对照。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者血清CagA抗体IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其他类型胃炎患者血清CagA抗体IgG水平无明显增高(P＞0.05)。结论CagA-Hp可能是导致慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的因素之一,对这类患者应密切随访观察。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查、收集58例AECOPD患者可能影响其预后的相关因素,并对其分别进行单因素分析。并进行Logistic多元逐步回归进行多因素分析,筛选影响AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析后将结果 P0.1的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归,分析发现是否合并呼吸衰竭、气促程度、白细胞计数、APACHEⅡ、应用抗氧化剂、慢阻肺治疗依从性为影响AECOPD患者预后不佳的独立因素(P0.05)。结论根据AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素,及早判断,选择合适的后续治疗方案,对提高其生存率及生存质量具有重要意义。