Conséquences des traitements thermiques et de la formulation sur la structure et l'allergénicité des protéines alimentaires

The number of publications on food allergy has increased over the past five years. Food processing and interactions between constituents and additives are strongly suspected to be responsible for at least part of this increase. The present review will consider current knowledge of the relationship between heating, formulation, structure and allergenicity of food proteins. Food processing encompasses a number of thermal and mechanical treatments that are meant to provide structure, texture and optimum shelf life. Heat processing induces, in most cases, irreversible denaturation of proteins, leading to aggregation; such structural changes do not always correlate with decreased allergenicity. Depending on the system, heating may have no effect or it may decrease or increase allergenicity. The existence of sequential and conformational epitopes, the demasking of new epitopes or the modification of epitopes through Maillard reactions can explain some of the results reported in the literature. Even in the absence of heating, interactions between proteins and other components of food can cause conformational changes in allergens, thereby affecting their thermal stability. In such an event, increased or decreased thermal aggregation of affected proteins can occur. The effect of such interactions on the allergenicity of proteins is practically unknown today.     

Impact de la maladie parodontale sur la pression artérielle des souris diabétiques

Diabetes-driven cardiovascular diseases represent a high challenge for developed countries. Periodontal disease is strictly linked to the aforementioned diseases, due to its Gram negative–driven inflammation. Thus, we investigated the effects of periodontal disease on arterial pressure during the development of diabetes in mice. To this aim, C57BL/6 female mice were colonized with pathogens of periodontal tissue (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Fusobacterium nucleatum) for 1 month, whereas another group of mice did not undergo the colonization. Subsequently, all mice were fed a high-fat carbohydrate-free diet for 3 months. Then, arterial pressure was measured in vivo and a tomodensitometric analysis of mandibles was realized as well. Our results show increased mandibular bone-loss induced by colonization with periopathogens. In addition, periodontal infection augmented glucose-intolerance and systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, parameters already known to be affected by a fat-diet. In conclusion, we show here that periodontal disease amplifies metabolic troubles and deregulates arterial pressure, emerging as a new axis of metabolic investigation.     

Association des comorbidités psychiatriques avec la durée de séjour des patients en médecine interne d’aval des urgences

IntroductionPatients with psychiatric disorders suffer from a higher rate of somatic disorders than those without psychiatric disorder, often inappropriately managed. Our study aimed to describe patients with psychiatric comorbidity in post-emergency internal medicine units and to compare their length of hospital stay to patients without psychiatric disease.MethodsThis French cross sectional study used the data warehouse of the greater Paris hospitals. It included, all patients hospitalized through the emergency department in 9 internal medicine departments during the year 2017. Psychiatric disorders and the burden of somatic disorders (Charlson score) were determined through diagnostic coding. Charlson score and hospital length of stay were compared between patients with and without psychiatric comorbidity.ResultsIn total, 8981 hospital stays (8001 patients) were included, 1867 (21%) with psychiatric comorbidity. After adjusting for age, gender, hospital and main diagnosis, the Charlson score was on average 0.68 higher in the psychiatric comorbidity group (P < 0.001) and the length of hospital stay was 30% higher after further adjustment on the Charlson score (P < 0.001). These differences were consistent for each main diagnosis.ConclusionPatients with psychiatric comorbidity are frequent in post-emergency internal medicine wards. They experience longer hospital stays, only partly related with a higher burden of somatic disorders. Special attention should be paid to this vulnerable population.     

La prise en charge des lésions anopérinéales de la maladie de Crohn: revue de la littérature

The anoperineal Crohn??s disease lesions pose a several problems in diagnostic and therapeutic steps. The frequency of these lesions was around 21 to 23% in the literature [1]. The data in the literature are still insufficient in the absence of studies devoted to this location particularly debilitating. The purpose of this literature review is to highlight the current diagnostic and therapeutic modalities and new recommendations.