心肌梗死后室壁瘤形成的诊断分析

目的观察心肌梗死（MI）后影响室壁瘤形成的因素以及临床常用方法的诊断价值。方法经左心室造影证实的23例MI后并发室壁瘤的患者，比较其心电图（ECG）、超声心动图（ECHO）、冠状动脉病变程度和侧支循环建立情况。结果所有患者均有前降支病变，三支病变者占65.2%，仅17.4%患者的侧支循环达到Ⅲ级。ECHO阳性者为17.4%，而ECG可达82.6%。结论多支病变且侧支循环不良的患者MI后易并发室壁瘤，ECG较ECHO对室壁瘤的诊断更敏感。     

心肌梗死后合并室壁瘤形成的相关因素分析

目的:分析心肌梗死(MyocardialInfarction,MI)后室壁瘤形成的相关危险因素。方法:收集513例患者的临床资料,经左心室造影证实有室壁瘤者为室壁瘤组,其余为非室壁瘤组。用单因素和多因素分析比较两组患者间的病史特点、症状和冠脉造影结果。结果:513例MI患者合并室壁瘤形成62例,发生率为12.1%。单因素分析结果显示在年龄、心绞痛病史、心肌梗死病史、前壁心肌梗死、非有效的溶栓或介入治疗、三支病变、无侧支循环、主要血管的完全闭塞或次全闭塞性病变方面,两组比较有显著性差异,P均<0.05。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:前壁心肌梗死、侧支循环、非有效的溶栓或介入治疗、主要血管的完全闭塞或次全闭塞性病变等因素有显著性差异,P均<0.05。结论:前壁心肌梗死、非有效的溶栓或介入治疗、主要血管的完全闭塞或次全闭塞性病变是急性心肌梗死后室壁瘤形成的独立相关因素。     

急性心肌梗死后左心室壁瘤形成机制、并发症及治疗

左心室壁瘤（LVA）是急性心肌梗死（AMI）后常见的严重并发症之一。急性心肌梗死后梗死区白细胞释放炎症介质导致心肌细胞坏死,纤维瘢痕组织形成,心肌变薄及纤维化,引起左心室重构,在心室压力作用下室壁局部向外膨出是室壁瘤形成的机制。室壁瘤的形成可导致恶性室性心律失常、室间隔穿孔、心力衰竭、左室附壁血栓等并发症,病死率较无室壁瘤形成者高6倍以上。因此,室壁瘤的预防、逆转及治疗直接关系到患者的预后。     

药物难以控制的室壁瘤相关室性心律失常的外科治疗

<正>室壁瘤是心肌梗死后坏死心肌细胞逐渐被纤维疤痕组织代替而形成的室壁局部膨出,在急性心肌梗死存活患者中发生率为10%~38%,10年自然生存率仅34%[1-2]。室壁瘤主要并发症有:心力衰竭、室间隔穿孔、附壁血栓形成以及室性心律失常。前三者因其预后较差,病死率较高,而得到人们充分的关注。但是,有学者研究发现,室壁瘤并发室性心律失常若治疗不及时,也会导致心源性猝死等不良后果[3]。有报道指出,室壁瘤成形术后30天和术后5年,恶性     

心肌梗死后并发室壁瘤的外科治疗现状

左心室室壁瘤（left ventricular aneurysm,LVA）是急性心肌梗死后的常见并发症之一.本文在复习文献的基础上对室壁瘤的诊断及外科治疗等方面作一综述.     

急性心肌梗死后心律失常的研究进展

心律失常是心肌梗死(MI)的并发症之一,MI生存者50%的死亡是由于致命性心律失常引起。心律失常的存在影响着MI患者的预后。了解MI后心律失常的发生、相关因素、防治对临床工作有一定的意义。本文就MI后心律失常的类型、产生机制、如何防治做一综述。     

miRNA与急性心肌梗死

心肌梗死(MI)是心血管疾病导致死亡的最主要原因之一。miRNA是一类非编码小分子RNA。研究证实,MI后miRNA表达异常,通过转录后水平参与MI及其并发症的病理生理过程,有望成为急性心肌梗死(AMI)新的生化标志物和治疗靶点。     

心肌梗死后主要心脑血管不良事件现状及防治进展

心肌梗死后主要心脑血管不良事件(post-myocardial infarction major adverse cardiovas-cular and cerebrovascular events,post-MI MACCE)是心肌梗死(myocardial infarction,MI)患者最严重的并发症,也是MI患...     

心肌梗死后左心室壁瘤的治疗进展

左心室室壁瘤是急性心肌梗死的一种严重并发症,好发于左室心尖部,常常合并恶性心律失常、心力衰竭、左心室附壁血栓,甚至心脏破裂等危及生命的并发症,内科药物治疗效果不佳,未经治疗的患者10年生存率为18%。随着医学的发展,针对左室壁瘤的治疗策略也在不断变化,现就左心室室壁瘤的治疗进展进行综述。     

（五）体表心电图对心肌梗死后室壁瘤的诊断价值

通常讲的室壁瘤是指真性室壁瘤,以区别于室壁破裂所形成的假性室壁瘤。真性室壁瘤系梗死愈合过程中坏死心肌由结缔组织取代,受心腔压力的作用梗死区室壁向外凸形膨出。梗死区血管完全闭塞而又没有侧枝循环是发生该并发症的基础。真性室壁瘤是心肌梗死后期并发症之一,约见于１２～１５的心肌梗死存活患者,能引起心功能不全、恶性心律失常、血栓形成等多种并发症。心肌梗死后室壁瘤形成５年死亡率约１０～５０。心肌梗死后室壁瘤症状、体症不具特异性。辅助检查,如胸片、心电图、超声心动图、放射性核素检查、心室Ｘ线造影等,有助于…     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

CagA-Hp抗体IgG与胃炎的组织学分析

研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃炎的关系。方法对204例慢性胃炎患者胃粘膜进行观察分析,并测定其中137例Hp阳性患者血清CagA-Hp抗体IgG水平,与组织学对照。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者血清CagA抗体IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其他类型胃炎患者血清CagA抗体IgG水平无明显增高(P＞0.05)。结论CagA-Hp可能是导致慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的因素之一,对这类患者应密切随访观察。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查、收集58例AECOPD患者可能影响其预后的相关因素,并对其分别进行单因素分析。并进行Logistic多元逐步回归进行多因素分析,筛选影响AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析后将结果 P0.1的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归,分析发现是否合并呼吸衰竭、气促程度、白细胞计数、APACHEⅡ、应用抗氧化剂、慢阻肺治疗依从性为影响AECOPD患者预后不佳的独立因素(P0.05)。结论根据AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素,及早判断,选择合适的后续治疗方案,对提高其生存率及生存质量具有重要意义。