七氟醚复合依托咪酯维持麻醉对胸腔镜手术单肺通气时应激反应的影响

目的分析七氟醚复合依托咪酯维持麻醉对胸腔镜手术单肺通气时应激反应的影响。 方法选取2018年5月至2021年5月我院胸腔镜手术者91例，随机分为对照组43例，观察组48例。对照组术中采用七氟醚复合丙泊酚维持麻醉，观察组术中采用七氟醚复合依托咪酯维持麻醉。比较两组手术时间、单肺通气时间与麻醉恢复，呼吸恢复时间、清醒时间、拔管时间，对比麻醉诱导前(T0)、单肺通气开始前(T1)、单肺通气30 min后(T2)、手术结束时(T3)血流动力学MAP、HR、SpO₂及MDA、SOD、Cor。 结果观察组呼吸恢复时间、清醒时间、拔管时间短于对照组(P<0.05)；T1、T2时对照组MAP高于T0，HR、SpO₂低于T0，T2时对照组MAP高于T1，HR、SpO₂低于T1；T1、T2时观察组MAP低于对照组，HR、SpO₂高于对照组；T2、T3时两组MDA、Cor高于T0、T1，SOD水平低于T0、T1，且T3时两组MDA、Cor水平高于T2，SOD低于T2(P<0.05)；T2、T3时观察组MDA、Cor低于对照组。 结论七氟醚复合依托咪酯维持麻醉应用于胸腔镜手术单肺通气中能促进麻醉恢复，血流动力学稳定，减轻应激反应。     

七氟醚复合丙泊酚麻醉对冠心病患者术后血流动力学及NT-proBNP水平的影响

目的探讨七氟醚复合丙泊酚麻醉对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者术后血流动力学及N末端脑利钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)水平的影响。方法选择2016年5月至2018年5月于航天中心医院接诊的冠心病手术患者100例为研究对象,随机分为观察组(n=51)和对照组(n=49),对照组应用丙泊酚镇静,观察组采用七氟醚复合丙泊酚镇静。比较两组患者麻醉后的麻醉效果、术前(T0)、麻醉后(T1)、拔管前15 min(T2)、拔管后15 min(T3)、拔管后2 h(T4)时刻心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、NTpro BNP水平变化情况及不良反应发生情况。结果两组患者麻醉优良率分别为98.04%vs. 77.55%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者T0时HR、SBP水平无明显差异;T1、T2、T3、T4时,两组HR均显著升高,且观察组HR水平低于对照组(P0.05),SBP水平在T1、T2均显著降低,观察组高于对照组,T3、T4时上升,观察组低于对照组(P0.05);两组患者T0时NT-pro BNP水平无明显差异;T1、T2、T3、T4时,两组NT-pro BNP水平均显著升高,且观察组NT-pro BNP水平低于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者不良反应总发生率为3.92%,显著低于对照组的20.41%(P0.05)。结论冠心病手术患者应用七氟醚复合丙泊酚效果显著,可有效改善血流动力学及NT-pro BNP水平,安全有效,值得推广与运用。     

七氟烷吸入联合硬膜外麻醉在老年消化道恶性肿瘤手术中的效果

目的探讨七氟烷吸入联合硬膜外麻醉在老年消化道恶性肿瘤切除术中的临床效果。方法 74例接受消化道恶性肿瘤切除术的老年患者,按麻醉方式不同分为单纯麻醉组35例和联合麻醉组39例,记录各手术时间点脑电双频指数(BIs)、吸入气浓度(Fi)和呼出气浓度(Et),气管插管后5 min(T0)、单肺通气开始时(T1)、单肺通气后30 min(T2)、60 min(T3)、90 min(T4)、恢复双肺通气时(T5)、恢复双肺通气后10 min(T6)及手术结束时(T7)分别监测患者心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP);麻醉前和麻醉后24 h测定白细胞PK与G6PD活性;手术前后采用简易精神状态评价量表(MMSE)对两组患者认知功能进行评分。结果联合麻醉组患者的HR、SBP和DBP波动显著小于单纯麻醉组,尤在T1和T5时,单纯麻醉组变化最明显(P0.05)。麻醉后24 h两组白细胞PK和G6PD活性较麻醉前明显升高,且联合麻醉组明显高于单纯麻醉组(P0.05);单纯麻醉组麻醉恢复时、术后1、3、7 d的MMSE评分均显著低于联合麻醉组(P0.05)。结论七氟烷吸入联合硬膜外麻醉能达到满意的临床麻醉深度和效果,且有利于保护患者的心肺功能、改善术后认知功能障碍。     

右美托咪定对高血压病患者全麻苏醒期的影响

目的 观察右美托咪定对高血压病患者全麻苏醒期的影响。方法 选取在全麻下行颈椎手术的高血压病患者60例,随机均分为右美托咪定组（试药组,D组）和对照组（C组）,于术毕前10 min分别泵入右美托咪定0.5 μg/kg和芬太尼1 μg/kg。观察麻醉前（T0）、术毕前10 min(T1)、 术毕时(T2)、拔管前即刻 (T3)、拔管后5 min和10 min(T4、T5)时HR、SBP和DBP值。记录T5时Ramsay镇静评分和 VAS疼痛评分及苏醒期不良反应的发生情况。结果 试药组T2时心率显著低于T1时（P<0.05）;对照组T3、T4时HR、SBP均高于麻醉前（P<0.05或P<0.01）;试药组T3~T5时HR、SBP和DBP值均显著低于对照组（P<0.05或P<0.01）。试药组Ramsay镇静评分显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组术后VAS评分无显著差异。试药组苏醒期时呛咳、躁动发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 高血压病患者全麻结束前静脉给予小剂量的右美托咪定能够减轻苏醒期血流动力学波动,可减少不良反应的发生率。     

依托咪酯静脉泵注对腹腔镜胆囊切除术老年患者早期认知功能和血流动力学的影响

目的探讨依托咪酯静脉泵注对腹腔镜胆囊切除术老年患者早期认知功能和血流动力学的影响。方法拟全麻下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的90例老年患者,随机分为对照组和试验组各45例。对照组给予右美托咪定进行麻醉维持,试验组静脉泵注给予依托咪酯进行麻醉维持。记录并比较两组麻醉时间、术中出血量、手术时间及拔管时间。于手术前1 d(T'0)、手术后第1天(T'1)、手术后第3天(T'2)及手术后第7天(T'3)时评价并比较两组MMSE评分。于入手术室后(T0)、麻醉诱导后(T1)、气管插管后即刻(T2)、气管插管后2 min(T3)、腹腔充气时(T4)、切除胆囊时(T5)及手术完毕时(T6)记录并比较两组心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、收缩压(SBP)及舒张压(DBP)。结果两组麻醉时间、术中出血量、手术时间及拔管时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组T'0、T'3时MMSE评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);试验组T'1、T'2时MMSE评分均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。对照组T1时HR、MAP、SBP及DBP均明显高于T0时(P0.05),在T2、T3、T5及T6时的SBP、DBP均明显低于T1时(P0.05);试验组T0～T6各时间点的HR、MAP、SBP及DBP均保持较为稳定,与T0时比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。试验组T1、T4时HR、MAP、SBP及DBP均明显低于对照组(P0.05);试验组T3时MAP、SBP、DBP,T5时HR、MAP、DBP,T6时SBP水平均显著低于对照组(均P0.05)。结论依托咪酯静脉泵注能够明显改善老年腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者的早期认知功能和血流动力学稳定性。     

右美托咪定对高血压病患者全麻气管插管时血流动力学的影响

目的:观察右美托咪定对高血压患者全麻诱导气管插管时血流动力学影响。方法:选取40例需气管插管全麻手术的高血压病患者,随机分为试药组和对照组(每组20例),分别在麻醉诱导前10 min泵入右美托咪定1μg/kg和生理盐水。记录给药前(基础值T0)、给药后(T1)、麻醉诱导后(T2)、插管后即刻(T3)、插管后3、5和10 min(T4、T5、T6)时患者心率(HR)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)和脑电双频指数(BIS)的变化。记录麻醉诱导时丙泊酚的用量。结果:对照组T3、T4时HR、SBP和DBP均比T0时显著升高(P0.05,P0.01)。试药组T3~T5时HR、SBP和DBP分别与T0时比较无显著差异。试药组T3、T4时HR、SBP和DBP显著低于对照组同一时间点(P0.05,P0.01)。试药组在T5时HR和SBP显著低于对照组同一时间点(P0.05)。诱导时试药组丙泊酚用量(113±22)mg显著低于对照组(140±25)mg(P0.01)。试药组T1时BIS值(73±4)显著低于C组(97±2)(P0.01)。结论:麻醉诱导前给予右美托咪啶1μg/kg能显著抑制气管插管时血流动力学反应,减少诱导时丙泊酚用量。     

右美托咪定在七氟醚复合骶管阻滞小儿腹股沟斜疝修补术中的应用效果

目的分析右美托咪定在七氟醚复合骶管阻滞小儿腹股沟斜疝修补术中的应用价值。方法选取成都市妇女儿童中心医院2014年6月—2016年6月收治的行腹股沟斜疝修补术并采用七氟醚复合骶管阻滞的患儿96例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组,每组48例。试验组患儿于麻醉完成后给予右美托咪定0.5μg/kg静脉泵注,对照组患儿则给予等量0.9%氯化钠溶液静脉泵注。比较两组患儿泵注前(T0)、泵注后5min(T1),泵注后10min(T2)、苏醒时(T3)及拔除喉罩后5min(T4)平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR),麻醉苏醒期躁动情况。结果两组患儿T0时MAP、HR比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);试验组患儿T1~T4时MAP、T3~T4时HR低于对照组,T1~T2时HR高于对照组(P0.05)。试验组患儿麻醉苏醒期躁动发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论右美托咪定有利于维持七氟醚复合骶管阻滞腹股沟斜疝修补术患儿围术期生命体征平稳,降低患儿麻醉苏醒期躁动发生率。     

右美托咪定对高血压病患者腰硬联合麻醉的镇静效应及血流动力学的影响

目的探析右美托咪定对高血压病患者腰硬联合麻醉的镇静效应及血流动力学的影响。方法选取我院于2015年6月~2016年12月进行腰硬联合麻醉的90例高血压病患者,随机分为两组,对照组未实施右美托咪定辅助麻醉,观察组给予右美托咪定辅助麻醉,观察两组患者的效果。结果 T2~T4时观察组的HR显著低于T0时,有统计学意义(P0.05),T2~T4时两组患者的SBP、DBP均较T0时显著降低,且观察组降低幅度显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组在术后15~60min的Ramsay镇静评分优于对照组,差异对比具备统计学意义(P0.05)。结论针对进行腰硬联合麻醉高血压病患者给予右美托咪定辅助麻醉效果显著,可提高镇静效果,对血流动力学产生的影响较小,值得临床推广和应用。     

右旋美托咪啶用于覆膜支架腔内隔绝术中镇静的随机双盲对照研究

目的:探讨观察右美旋托咪啶用于B型主动脉夹层覆膜支架腔内隔绝术中的镇静效果及安全性。方法:局麻复合强化麻醉下行覆膜支架腔内隔绝手术的患者60例,随机分为右旋美托咪啶组(D组)和芬太尼+咪达唑仑组(C组),每组30例,采用静脉注射,给药时间持续10 min,观察给药后即刻(基础值),5 min(T1)、8 min(T2)、10 min(T3)、12 min(T4)、15 min(T5)、20 min(T6)、25 min(T7)及30min(T8)的血压、心率(HR)、呼吸频率、经皮血氧饱和度(SpO2)、脑电双频谱(BIS)值及改良警觉、镇静观察评分变化并记录有无术中不良反应。结果:与基础值比较,D组T3～T8时收缩压(SBP)降低和舒张压(DBP)降低,T3～T8时HR降低,T4～T7时镇静评分降低,T5、T6时BIS值降低;C组T3时SBP降低,T4时镇静评分降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与C组比较,D组在T5～T7时SBP降低,在T6、T7时DBP降低,T3～T6时HR降低,T5、T6时镇静评分降低,T5、T6时BIS值降低,发生呼吸抑制及恶心呕吐的发生率降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。2组各时点呼吸频率(RR)和血氧饱和度(SpO2)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:右旋美托咪啶具有良好的镇静效果,对呼吸影响小,不良反应轻微,可安全用于覆膜支架腔内隔绝术中镇静。     

羟考酮联合依托咪酯靶控输注用于急诊老年肠梗阻患者麻醉诱导的效果

目的 探讨羟考酮联合依托咪酯靶控输注相比较于舒芬太尼联合依托咪酯靶控输注在急诊老年肠梗阻患者麻醉诱导阶段各项血流动力学指标的影响。方法 选取2017年1月至2017年12月,西安交通大学第二附属医院全身麻醉下行急诊手术的肠梗阻患者120例。采用随机数表法将患者随机分为羟考酮复合依托咪酯靶控输注组(OE组)和舒芬太尼联合依托咪酯靶控输注组(SE组),每组60例。所有患者均进行有创动脉血压监测、超声心输出量监测以及肌松监测。OE组麻醉诱导方案为羟考酮0.4mg/kg,依托咪酯靶控输注血浆靶浓度0.5μg/ml(Arden模型),顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵0.15mg/kg;SE组麻醉诱导方案为舒芬太尼0.4μg/kg,依托咪酯靶控输注血浆靶浓度0.5μg/ml(Arden模型),顺式阿曲库铵0.15mg/kg。于麻醉前(T0),插管前(T1),插管后即刻(T2),插管后10min(T3),切皮前(T4),切皮后即刻(T5)6个时点分别记录患者的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、伤害性刺激指数(ANI)、脑电背景双频指数(BIS)、心指数(CI)、每博量(SV)和外周血管阻力指数(SVRI)值。结果 在T0时点时,2组患者HR、SBP、DBP、MAP、ANI、CI、SV、SVRI和BIS差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);T1时点,SE组患者CI、SV、SVRI、SBP、MAP和DBP显著低于OE组(P<0.05);T2时点,SE组患者HR和SBP高于OE组,但CI、SV和SVRI明显低于OE组(P<0.05);在T3和T4时点,SE组患者CI、SV、SVRI、HR、SBP、DBP和MAP均低于OE组(P<0.05);T5时点,SE组CI、SV、SVRI较OE组显著降低(P<0.05);在T2和T5时点,SE组ANI低于OE组(P<0.05),但在T1、T3和T4时点,2组患者ANI值没有差异(P>0.05);2组患者BIS值在所有时点均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论 羟考酮复合依托咪酯靶控输注用于老年肠梗阻患者麻醉诱导能够达到满意的镇静和镇痛效果,在气管插管、切皮等强刺激时血流动力学更加平稳。     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Severe hepatotoxicity with jaundice associated with paroxetine

Hepatotoxicity due to paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is very rare, and to the best of our knowledge, only five cases of liver injury in association with paroxetine have previously been reported in the medical literature. We describe the clinical, biochemical, and pathological findings in a patient with paroxetine hepatotoxicity, which was reversed after withdrawal of the drug. The present case and the others previously reported suggest that hepatotoxicity should be taken into account as a rare complication, sometimes severe, that may occur with paroxetine.