Concurrent Synthesis and Immobilization of Ag Nanoparticles over TiO2 via Plasma Reduction for Photocatalytic Treatment of Methyl Blue in Water

Pure TiO₂ nanoparticles (TiO₂NPs) were produced via the sol–gel method and then coated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to reduce their optical band gap. The concurrent synthesis and immobilization of AgNPs over TiO₂NPs was achieved through the interaction of an open-air argon plasma jet with a solution of silver nitrate/stabilizer/TiO₂NPs. The one-pot plasma synthesis and coating of AgNPs over TiO₂NPs is a more straightforward and environmentally friendly method than others. The plasma-produced Ag/TiO₂ nanocomposites were characterized and tested for their photocatalytic potential by degrading different concentrations of methyl blue (MB) in water. The dye concentration, oxidant dose, catalyst dose, and reaction time were also optimized for MB degradation. XRD results revealed the formation of pure AgNPs, pure TiO₂NPs, and Ag/TiO₂ nanocomposites with an average grain size of 12.36 nm, 18.09 nm, and 15.66 nm, respectively. The immobilization of AgNPs over TiO₂NPs was also checked by producing SEM and TEM images. The band gap of AgNPs, TiO₂NPs, and Ag/TiO₂ nanoparticles was measured about 2.58 eV, 3.36 eV, and 2.86 eV, respectively. The ultraviolet (UV) results of the nanocomposites were supportive of the degradation of synthetic dyes in the visible light spectrum. The AgNPs in the composite not only lowered the band gap but also obstructed the electron–hole recombinations. The Ag/TiO₂ composite catalyst showed 90.9% degradation efficiency with a 5 ppm dye concentration after 120 min of light exposure.     

Original Approach to Synthesize TiO2/ZnO Hybrid Nanosponges Used as Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Applications

In the present work, TiO₂/ZnO hybrid nanosponges have been synthesized for the first time. First, TiO₂ nanosponges were obtained by anodization under hydrodynamic conditions in a glycerol/water/NH₄F electrolyte. Next, in order to achieve the anatase phase of TiO₂ and improve its photocatalytic behaviour, the samples were annealed at 450 °C for 1 h. Once the TiO₂ nanosponges were synthesized, TiO₂/ZnO hybrid nanosponges were obtained by electrodeposition of ZnO on TiO₂ nanosponges using different temperatures, times, and concentrations of zinc nitrate (Zn(NO₃)₂). TiO₂/ZnO hybrid nanosponges were used as photoanodes in photoelectrochemical water splitting tests. The results indicate that the photoelectrochemical response improves, in the studied range, by increasing the temperature and the Zn(NO₃)₂ concentration during the electrodeposition process, obtaining an increase in the photoelectrochemical response of 141% for the TiO₂/ZnO hybrid nanosponges electrodeposited at 75 °C with 10 mM Zn(NO₃)₂ for 15 min. Furthermore, morphological, chemical, and structural characterization was performed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman Confocal Laser Spectroscopy, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction (GIXRD).     

Mechanical,Microstructure and Surface Characterizations of Carbon Fibers Prepared from Cellulose after Liquefying and Curing

In this study, Cellulose-based carbon fibers (CBCFs) were prepared from cellulose after phenol liquefaction and curing. The characteristics and properties of CBCFs were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that, with increasing carbonization temperature, the L_a, L_c, and L_c/d₍₀₀₂₎ of CBCFs increased gradually, whereas the degree of disorder R decreased. The –OH, –CH₂–, –O–C– and phenyl group characteristic absorption peaks of CBCFs reduced gradually. The cross-linked structure of CBCFs was converted into a graphite structure with a six-ring carbon network during carbonization. The surface of CBCFs were mainly comprised of C–C, C–O, and C=O. The tensile strength, carbonization yield and carbon content of CBCFs obtained at 1000 °C were 1015 MPa, 52%, and 95.04%, respectively.     

Graphene Quantum Dots Improved “Caterpillar”-like TiO2 for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

Photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production via heterojunction provides a convenient approach to solve the world crises of energy supply. Herein, graphene quantum dots modified TiO₂ hybrids (TiO₂-GQDs) with a “caterpillar”-like structure exhibit stronger light absorption in the visible region and an enhanced hydrogen production capacity of about 3.5-fold compared to the pristine TiO₂ caterpillar. These results inferred that the addition of GQDs drastically promotes the interfacial electron transfer from GQDs to TiO₂ through C–O–Ti bonds via the bonding between oxygen vacancy sites in TiO₂ and in-plane oxygen functional groups in GQDs. Using a “caterpillar”-like structure are expected to provide a new platform for the development of highly efficient solar-driven water splitting systems based on nanocomposite photocatalyst.     

A High-Efficiency TiO2/ZnO Nano-Film with Surface Oxygen Vacancies for Dye Degradation

Photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water is a highly efficient and green approach. However, the low quantum efficiency is an intractable obstacle to lower the photocatalytic efficiency of photocatalysts. Herein, the TiO₂/ZnO heterojunction thin films combined with surface oxygen vacancies (OVs) were prepared through magnetron sputtering, which was designed to drive rapid bulk and surface separation of charge carriers. The morphology and structural and compositional properties of films were investigated via different techniques such as SEM, XRD, Raman, AFM, and XPS. It has been found that by controlling the O₂/Ar ratio, the surface morphology, thickness, chemical composition, and crystal structure can be regulated, ultimately enhancing the photocatalytic performance of the TiO₂/ZnO heterostructures. In addition, the heterojunction thin film showed improved photocatalytic properties compared with the other nano-films when the outer TiO₂ layer was prepared at an O₂/Ar ratio of 10:35. It degraded 88.0% of Rhodamine B (RhB) in 90 min and 90.8% of RhB in 120 min. This was attributed to the heterojunction interface and surface OVs, which accelerated the separation of electron–hole (e–h) pairs.     

Enhanced Photodegradation of p-Nitrobenzoic Acid by Binary Mixtures with Ba2+/TiO2 and MCM-41

A novel Ba(II)/TiO₂–MCM-41 composite was synthesized using binary mixtures with Ba²⁺/TiO₂ and MCM-41, and Ba²⁺ as a doping ion of TiO₂. The specific surface area and pore structure characterizations confirm that a mesoporous structure with a surface area of 341.2 m²/g and a narrow pore size distribution ranging from 2 to 4 nm was achieved using Ba(II)/TiO₂–MCM-41. Ba(II)/TiO₂ particles were synthesized into 10–15 nm particles and were well dispersed onto MCM-41. The diffraction peaks in the XRD patterns of TiO₂–MCM-41 and Ba(II)/TiO₂–MCM-41 were all attributed to anatase TiO₂. By taking advantage of MCM-41 and Ba²⁺, the photocatalytic performance of Ba(II)/TiO₂–MCM-41 was remarkably enhanced by suppressing its rutile phase, by lowering the band gap energy, and by facilitating the dispersion of TiO₂. Therefore, the photodegradation efficiencies of p-nitrobenzoic acid (4 × 10⁻⁴ mol/L) by various photocatalysts (60 min) under UV light irradiation are arranged in the following order: Ba(II)/TiO₂–MCM-41 (91.7%) > P25 (86.3%) > TiO₂–MCM-41 (80.6%) > Ba(II)/TiO₂ (55.7%) > TiO₂ (53.9%). The Ba(II)/TiO₂–MCM-41 composite was reused for five cycles and maintained a high catalytic activity (73%).     

Structural Properties of Thin ZnO Films Deposited by ALD under O-Rich and Zn-Rich Growth Conditions and Their Relationship with Electrical Parameters

The structural, optical, and electrical properties of ZnO are intimately intertwined. In the present work, the structural and transport properties of 100 nm thick polycrystalline ZnO films obtained by atomic layer deposition (ALD) at a growth temperature (T_g) of 100–300 °C were investigated. The electrical properties of the films showed a dependence on the substrate (a-Al₂O₃ or Si (100)) and a high sensitivity to T_g, related to the deviation of the film stoichiometry as demonstrated by the RT-Hall effect. The average crystallite size increased from 20–30 nm for as grown samples to 80–100 nm after rapid thermal annealing, which affects carrier scattering. The ZnO layers deposited on silicon showed lower strain and dislocation density than on sapphire at the same T_g. The calculated half crystallite size (D/2) was higher than the Debye length (L_D) for all as grown and annealed ZnO films, except for annealed ZnO/Si films grown within the ALD window (100–200 °C), indicating different homogeneity of charge carrier distribution for annealed ZnO/Si and ZnO/a-Al₂O₃ layers. For as grown films the hydrogen impurity concentration detected via secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was 10²¹ cm⁻³ and was decreased by two orders of magnitude after annealing, accompanied by a decrease in Urbach energy in the ZnO/a-Al₂O₃ layers.     

Osteoblast-like Cell Proliferation,ALP Activity and Photocatalytic Activity on Sintered Anatase and Rutile Titanium Dioxide

This study aimed to create a biomaterial from titanium dioxide (TiO₂), which has been known to have photocatalytic and bone formation promoting effects. I expected that anatase titanium dioxide-based implants could promote bone augmentation and induce bone formation. Powdery anatase TiO₂ was compression molded and sintered at 700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C to prepare sintered compact samples. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the surface of these samples. Furthermore, mouse osteoblast-like cells (MC3T3-E1 cell line) were seeded on the samples sintered at different temperatures, and cell proliferation was observed to evaluate the cell proliferation of the samples. The sample sintered at 700 °C was composed of anatase TiO₂. The samples sintered at 800 °C and 900 °C were confirmed to consist of a mixture of anatase and rutile TiO₂ crystalline phases. Moreover, the sample sintered at 700 and 800 °C, which contained anatase TiO₂, showed remarkable photocatalytic activity. Those samples sintered at 1000 °C were transformed to the rutile TiO₂. The cell proliferation after 7–14-days culturing revealed that cells cultured on the 700 °C sample decreased in number immediately after initiation of culturing. The cells cultured on TiO₂ sintered at 900 °C markedly proliferated over time with an increase in the alkaline phosphatase activity, showing good MC3T3-E1 cell compatibility of the samples. The sample sintered at 1000 °C, which is rutile TiO₂, showed the highest increase.     

Photocatalytic Membrane Reactor for the Removal of C.I. Disperse Red 73

After the dyeing process, part of the dyes used to color textile materials are not fixed into the substrate and are discharged into wastewater as residual dyes. In this study, a heterogeneous photocatalytic process combined with microfiltration has been investigated for the removal of C.I. Disperse Red 73 from synthetic textile effluents. The titanium dioxide (TiO₂) Aeroxide P25 was selected as photocatalyst. The photocatalytic treatment achieved between 60% and 90% of dye degradation and up to 98% chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. The influence of different parameters on photocatalytic degradation was studied: pH, initial photocatalyst loading, and dye concentration. The best conditions for dye degradation were pH 4, an initial dye concentration of 50 mg·L⁻¹, and a TiO₂ loading of 2 g·L⁻¹. The photocatalytic membrane treatment provided a high quality permeate, which can be reused.     

Effect of Al2TiO5 Content and Sintering Temperature on the Microstructure and Residual Stress of Al2O3–Al2TiO5 Ceramic Composites

A series of Al₂O₃–Al₂TiO₅ ceramic composites with different Al₂TiO₅ contents (10 and 40 vol.%) fabricated at different sintering temperatures (1450 and 1550 °C) was studied in the present work. The microstructure, crystallite structure, and through-thickness residual stress of these composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, time-of-flight neutron diffraction, and Rietveld analysis. Lattice parameter variations and individual peak shifts were analyzed to calculate the mean phase stresses in the Al₂O₃ matrix and Al₂TiO₅ particulates as well as the peak-specific residual stresses for different hkl reflections of each phase. The results showed that the microstructure of the composites was affected by the Al₂TiO₅ content and sintering temperature. Moreover, as the Al₂TiO₅ grain size increased, microcracking occurred, resulting in decreased flexure strength. The sintering temperatures at 1450 and 1550 °C ensured the complete formation of Al₂TiO₅ during the reaction sintering and the subsequent cooling of Al₂O₃–Al₂TiO₅ composites. Some decomposition of AT occurred at the sintering temperature of 1550 °C. The mean phase residual stresses in Al₂TiO₅ particulates are tensile, and those in the Al₂O₃ matrix are compressive, with virtually flat through-thickness residual stress profiles in bulk samples. Owing to the thermal expansion anisotropy in the individual phase, the sign and magnitude of peak-specific residual stress values highly depend on individual hkl reflection. Both mean phase and peak-specific residual stresses were found to be dependent on the Al₂TiO₅ content and sintering temperature of Al₂O₃–Al₂TiO₅ composites, since the different developed microstructures can produce stress-relief microcracks. The present work is beneficial for developing Al₂O₃–Al₂TiO₅ composites with controlled microstructure and residual stress, which are crucial for achieving the desired thermal and mechanical properties.     

Synthesis and Tribological Characterization of Ti3SiC2/ZnO Composites

Dense Ti₃SiC₂/ZnO composites were sintered at different temperatures by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The effects of sintering temperature on composition and mechanical properties of Ti₃SiC₂/ZnO composites were studied. The tribological behaviors of Ti₃SiC₂/ZnO composites/Inconel 718 alloy tribo-pairs at elevated temperature from 25 °C to 800 °C were discussed. The experimental results showed that the initial decomposition temperature of the Ti₃SiC₂/ZnO composite was 1150 °C, and Ti₃SiC₂ decomposed into TiC. When the decomposition temperature was higher than 1150 °C, the compositions of the Ti₃SiC₂/ZnO composites were Ti₃SiC₂, ZnO, and TiC. It was found that Ti₃SiC₂/ZnO composites had better self-lubricating performance than Ti₃SiC₂ at elevated temperature from 600 °C to 800 °C, which was owing to material transfers of tribo-pairs and sheared oxides generated by tribo-oxidation reactions.     

Heterostructural Mixed Oxides Prepared via ZnAlLa LDH or ex-ZnAl LDH Precursors—Effect of La Content and Its Incorporation Route

The effect of La content and its incorporation route on physicochemical properties of ZnO/Zn(Al,La)₂O₄ or La₂O₃–ZnO/ZnAl₂O₄ mixed oxides with a spinel structure obtained from ZnAlLa Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) or ex-ZnAl LDH materials was investigated. The heterostructural nanocomposites with the similar Zn/Al molar ratio and varied La content were prepared by two techniques: via co-precipitation and thermal treatment of ZnAlLa LDHs at 500 °C or via incipient wetness impregnation of ex-ZnAl LDHs with aqueous solutions of lanthanum nitrate and subsequent thermal treatment. The obtained series of materials were characterized by the following techniques: X-ray fluorescence (XRF), N₂ adsorption (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis with evolved gas analysis (TG/DTG/EGA), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FFT). The evaluation of activity toward the high-temperature water gas shift (HT-WGS) within the temperature range of 350–420 °C was carried out on the basis of rate constant measurements in the kinetic mode using a differential reactor. The co-precipitation technique allowed for a better distribution of La in bulk and on the spinel surface than in case of lanthanum incorporation via impregnation. ZnO/Zn(Al,La)₂O₄ or La₂O₃–ZnO/ZnAl₂O₄ mixed oxides were characterized by moderate activity in the HT-WGS reaction. The results reveal that introduction of lanthanum oxide over 2.4–2.8 wt% induces the phase separation of the ZnAl₂O₄ spinel, forming ZnO on the ZnAl₂O₄ spinel surface.     

Co-Dispersion Behavior of ZrB2–SiC–B4C–C Powders with Polyethyleneimine

The aqueous dispersion behavior of ZrB₂, SiC powders with B₄C and C as sintering aids was investigated. Well co-dispersed suspension can be obtained in acidic solutions in presence of polyethyleneimine (PEI). The adsorption of PEI on the powder surface was measured by thermal gravimetric (TG) analysis. Rheological measurements displayed the effect of dispersant on the flow behavior of as-prepared slurries. An optimum condition was obtained with 1 wt % PEI. The viscosity of 40 vol % ZrB₂–SiC–B₄C–C (ZSBC) suspension at 100 s⁻¹ was as low as 0.74 Pa·s, which was suitable for aqueous processing.     

Thermodynamic Properties,Viscosity, and Structure of CaO–SiO2–MgO–Al2O3–TiO2–Based Slag

The effect of TiO₂ and the MgO/Al₂O₃ ratio on the viscosity, heat capacity, and enthalpy change of CaO–SiO₂–Al₂O₃–MgO–TiO₂ slag at constant heat input was studied. The variation of slag structure was analyzed by the calculation of activation energy and FTIR spectrum measurements. The results showed that the heat capacity and enthalpy change of the slag decreased with the increase of TiO₂ content. Under constant heat supply, the fluctuations in slag temperature were relatively apparent, and the temperature of slag increased as the TiO₂ content increased. The viscosity of slag decreased due to the increase in slag temperature. Increasing the MgO/Al₂O₃ ratio could decrease the temperature and viscosity of slag. The effect of increasing the MgO/Al₂O₃ ratio on the viscosity was more pronounced than the decreasing temperature caused by increasing the MgO/Al₂O₃ ratio. The apparent activation energy decreased with increasing TiO₂ content and MgO/Al₂O₃ ratio. The Ti–O bonds formed with TiO₂ addition, and the Ti–O bonds were weaker than Si–O bonds, which resulted in the decrease in heat capacity and viscosity of slag.     

Structural,Physical, and Mechanical Analysis of ZnO and TiO2 Nanoparticle-Reinforced Self-Adhesive Coating Restorative Material

This study aimed to modify an EQUIA coat (EC; GC, Japan) by incorporating 1 and 2 wt.% of zinc oxide (ZnO; EC-Z1 and EC-Z2) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂; EC-T1 and EC-T2) nanoparticles, whereby structural and phase analyses were assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry, micro-hardness, and water absorption analyses were conducted, and the microstructure was studied by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy. FTIR spectra showed a reduction in peak heights of amide (1521 cm⁻¹) and carbonyl (1716 cm⁻¹) groups. XRD showed peaks of ZnO (2θ ~ 31.3°, 34.0°, 35.8°, 47.1°, 56.2°, 62.5°, 67.6°, and 68.7°) and TiO₂ (2θ ~ 25.3°, 37.8°, 47.9, 54.5°, 62.8°, 69.5°, and 75.1°) corresponding to a hexagonal phase with a wurtzite structure and an anatase phase, respectively. Thermal stability was improved in newly modified materials in comparison to the control group. The sequence of obtained glass transitions was EC-T2 (111 °C), EC-T1 (102 °C), EC-Z2 (98 °C), EC-Z1 (92 °C), and EC-C (90 °C). EC-T2 and EC-T1 showed the highest (43.76 ± 2.78) and lowest (29.58 ± 3.2) micro-hardness values. EC showed the maximum water absorption (1.6%) at day 7 followed by EC-T1 (0.82%) and EC-Z1 (0.61%). These results suggest that EC with ZnO and TiO₂ nanoparticles has the potential to be used clinically as a coating material.     

Regulating Effect of Cement Accelerator on High Content Solid-Wastes Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (HCS-AAC) Slurry Performance and Subsequent Influence

Adverse side-effects occurred in slurry foaming and thickening process when carbide slag was substituted for quicklime in HCS-AAC. Cement accelerators were introduced to modify the slurry foaming and coagulating process during pre-curing. Meanwhile, the affiliated effects on the physical-mechanical properties and hydration products were discussed to evaluate the applicability and influence of the cement accelerator. The hydration products were characterized by mineralogical (XRD) and thermal analysis (DSC-TG). The results indicated that substituting carbide slag for quicklime retarded slurry foaming and curing progress; meanwhile, the induced mechanical property declination had a negative effect on the generation of C–S–H (I) and tobermorite. Na₂SO₄ and Na₂O·2.0SiO₂ can effectively accelerate the slurry foaming rate, but the promoting effect on slurry thickening was inconspicuous. The compressive strength of HCS-AAC obviously declined with increasing cement coagulant content, which was mainly ascribed to the decrease in bulk density caused by the accelerating effect on the slurry foaming process. Dosing Na₂SO₄ under 0.4% has little effect on the generation of strength contributing to hydration products while the addition of Na₂O·2.0SiO₂ can accelerate the generation and crystallization of C–S–H, which contributed to the high activity gelatinous SiO₂ generated from the reaction between Na₂O·2.0SiO₂ and Ca(OH)₂.     

The TiO2-ZnO Systems with Multifunctional Applications in Photoactive Processes—Efficient Photocatalyst under UV-LED Light and Electrode Materials in DSSCs

The main goal of the study was the hydrothermal-assisted synthesis of TiO₂-ZnO systems and their subsequent use in photoactive processes. Additionally, an important objective was to propose a method for synthesizing TiO₂-ZnO systems enabling the control of crystallinity and morphology through epitaxial growth of ZnO nanowires. Based on the results of X-ray diffraction analysis, in the case of materials containing a small addition of ZnO (≥5 wt.%), no crystalline phase of wurtzite was observed, proving that a high amount of modified titanium dioxide can inhibit the crystallization of ZnO. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results confirmed the formation of ZnO nanowires for systems containing ≥ 5% ZnO. Moreover, for the synthesized systems, there were no significant changes in the band gap energy. One of the primary purposes of this study was to test the TiO₂-ZnO system in the photodegradation process of 4-chlorophenol using low-power UV-LED lamps. The results of photo-oxidation studies showed that the obtained binary systems exhibit good photodegradation and mineralization efficiency. Additionally, it was also pointed out that the dye-sensitized solar cells can be a second application for the synthesized TiO₂-ZnO binary systems.     

Growth of High-Density Zinc Oxide Nanorods on Porous Silicon by Thermal Evaporation

The formation of high-density zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods on porous silicon (PS) substrates at growth temperatures of 600–1000 °C by a simple thermal evaporation of zinc (Zn) powder in the presence of oxygen (O₂) gas was systematically investigated. The high-density growth of ZnO nanorods with (0002) orientation over a large area was attributed to the rough surface of PS, which provides appropriate planes to promote deposition of Zn or ZnO_x seeds as nucleation sites for the subsequent growth of ZnO nanorods. The geometrical morphologies of ZnO nanorods are determined by the ZnO_x seed structures, i.e., cluster or layer structures. The flower-like hexagonal-faceted ZnO nanorods grown at 600 °C seem to be generated from the sparsely distributed ZnO_x nanoclusters. Vertically aligned hexagonal-faceted ZnO nanorods grown at 800 °C may be inferred from the formation of dense arrays of ZnO_x clusters. The formation of disordered ZnO nanorods formed at 1000 °C may due to the formation of a ZnO_x seed layer. The growth mechanism involved has been described by a combination of self-catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) and vapor-solid (VS) mechanism. The results suggest that for a more precise study on the growth of ZnO nanostructures involving the introduction of seeds, the initial seed structures must be taken into account given their significant effects.     

Chitosan-Coated Collagen Membranes Promote Chondrocyte Adhesion,Growth, and Interleukin-6 Secretion

Designing scaffolds made from natural polymers may be highly attractive for tissue engineering strategies. We sought to produce and characterize chitosan-coated collagen membranes and to assess their efficacy in promoting chondrocyte adhesion, growth, and cytokine secretion. Porous collagen membranes were placed in chitosan solutions then crosslinked with glutaraldehyde vapor. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses showed elevated absorption at 1655 cm⁻¹ of the carbon–nitrogen (N=C) bonds formed by the reaction between the (NH₂) of the chitosan and the (C=O) of the glutaraldehyde. A significant peak in the amide II region revealed a significant deacetylation of the chitosan. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the chitosan-coated membranes exhibited surface variations, with pore size ranging from 20 to 50 μm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed a decreased C–C groups and an increased C–N/C–O groups due to the reaction between the carbon from the collagen and the NH₂ from the chitosan. Increased rigidity of these membranes was also observed when comparing the chitosan-coated and uncoated membranes at dried conditions. However, under wet conditions, the chitosan coated collagen membranes showed lower rigidity as compared to dried conditions. Of great interest, the glutaraldehyde-crosslinked chitosan-coated collagen membranes promoted chondrocyte adhesion, growth, and interleukin (IL)-6 secretion. Overall results confirm the feasibility of using designed chitosan-coated collagen membranes in future applications, such as cartilage repair.