双源CTA在高心率冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄诊断中的应用观察

目的观察双源CT冠状动脉血管成像（双源CTA）诊断较高心率者（≥75次/m in）冠状动脉狭窄的效果。方法 51例冠心病患者,心率均≥75次/min,均接受双源CTA和传统冠状动脉血管造影（CAG）检查。结果双源CTA、CAG均检出冠状动脉狭窄者94段,均未检出者359段,仅CAG检出者34段,仅双源CTA检出者20段。以CAG结果为金标准,双源CTA诊断高心率冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄的敏感度为73.44%,特异度为94.72%,符合率为89.34%,阳性预测值为82.46%,阴性预测值91.35%。结论 双源CTA诊断偏高心率冠心病患者（心率≥75次/m in）冠状动脉狭窄（≥50%）效果较好。     

平板运动试验诊断冠心病的临床价值

目的通过与冠脉造影（CAG）结果对比,探讨运动平板试验（TET）对冠心病的诊断价值。方法以CAG为诊断冠心病（冠脉狭窄≥50%）的＂金标准＂,对同期先后行TET和CAG检查的150例疑似冠心病患者进行回顾性分析,将其TET的结果与CAG进行比较。结果 TET检出冠心病的敏感性80.5%,特异性63.3%,准确性为72.7%,阳性预测值为72.5%,阴性预测值72.9%。冠心病患者中TET诊断阳性率与病变血管支数无明显相关性（r=0.482,p=0.68）,TET诊断结果阳性与阴性仅与血管狭窄程度≥75%狭窄的节段数目有统计学差异（p〈0.05）。结论 TET检出冠心病的特异性较低,但敏感性较高,能较准确评价冠心病的缺血情况。     

256层螺旋CT对冠状动脉狭窄的评估

目的：应用256层螺旋CT对冠状动脉狭窄进行评估。方法：回顾性分析126例拟诊冠心病患者行256层螺旋CT （CTA）和冠状动脉造影（CAG）检查的资料。以 CAG结果为诊断冠心病的“金标准”,分析 CTA检测冠心病的准确度、灵敏度、特异度、阴性预测值与阳性预测值,并分析二者诊断冠状动脉狭窄的一致性。结果：以CAG结果为诊断冠心病的“金标准”, CTA 检测393段冠脉节段冠状动脉狭窄的准确度为89.3％,灵敏度为91.4％,特异度为84.9％,阴性预测值为82.3％,阳性预测值为92.8％,Kappa值＝0.755,P＜0.01。结论：256层螺旋CT可较好地显示冠状动脉狭窄,作为简单易行的无创性检查,对血管狭窄诊断的敏感性高。可作为亚健康人群的早期筛查和冠心病的复查可靠方法。     

64排螺旋CT在老年冠心病合并糖尿病患者冠脉病变诊断中的应用

目的探讨64排螺旋CT检查老年冠心病并糖尿病患者冠脉病变程度及冠脉内病变性质的应用价值。方法对52例临床诊断为冠心病并糖尿病的老年患者行冠状动脉64排螺旋CT冠脉造影（CTA）及常规选择性冠状动脉造影（CAG）检查。对CTA增强扫描轴位图像行多平面重建、容积再现、最大密度投影、曲面重建、仿真血管内镜等后处理,评估冠脉管腔狭窄程度及斑块性质。成像、造影以CAG为金标准,分析CTA的诊断价值。结果CAG发现狭窄段174个,CTA正确检出155个（89．1％）。其诊断冠状动脉狭窄的敏感性为89．1％,特异性为92．8％,准确率91．9％,阳性预测值81．2％,阴性预测值96．1％。结论CTA对冠状动脉狭窄有较高的诊断价值。     

64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在冠心病诊断中的应用

目的探讨64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在诊断冠心病中临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析2006年7月至2009年5月在新疆自治区人民医院心内科住院临床诊断或疑似冠心病患者病历资料120例,全部患者均行64排螺旋CT冠状动脉成像和选择性冠状动脉造影（CAG）,前后时间不超过2周。按照美国心脏学会（AHA）冠状动脉分段法将冠状动脉分为16段,采用目测直径法判断冠脉狭窄程度,以CAG为诊断冠心病（CHD）的＂金标准＂,计算64排螺旋CT检出中度及中度以上（≥50%）冠状动脉狭窄的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和诊断符合率。结果总计1920冠脉节段中有1857（97%）个节段可以同时在CAG与多层螺旋CT（multisli cecomputed tomography,MSCT）上显示及评估。64排螺旋CT显示中度及中度以上冠状动脉狭窄的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、诊断符合率分别为89%、98%、85%、98%、97%。结论 64排螺旋CT其对中度及中度以上的冠脉狭窄具有良好的诊断价值,基本能满足CHD的诊断需要,可作为CHD中危人群的一种初筛手段。     

320层容积冠状动脉CT血管成像在冠心病诊断中的应用

目的探讨320层容积冠状动脉CT血管成像(CTA)诊断冠心病的准确性。方法 95例患者在行冠状动脉CTA检查后2周内行冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查,以CAG为金标准,判断冠状动脉CTA诊断冠状动脉中度狭窄(狭窄≥50%)及重度狭窄(狭窄≥75%)的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确性。结果 CAG显示的1180个冠状动脉节段中,CTA显示中度狭窄的节段共98段;CAG显示80段,CTA诊断中度狭窄的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为87.50%、97.45%、71.43%、99.01%,准确性为96.78%;CTA显示重度狭窄的节段共206段;CAG显示207段,CTA诊断重度狭窄的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为93.33%、98.66%、93.78%、98.56%,准确性为97.71%。结论320排容积CTA诊断冠心病受心率影响小,诊断准确性高,可以作为冠心病的筛选检查。     

13N-NH3PET腺苷负荷—静息心肌灌注显像在冠状动脉病变功能学评价中的应用价值

目的探讨13N-NH3PET腺苷负荷—静息心肌灌注显像（MPI）在疑诊或确诊冠心病患者冠脉病变功能学评价中的应用价值。方法 30例疑似或确诊的冠心病患者,均接受13N-NH3PET腺苷负荷—静息MPI和冠状动脉造影（CAG）检查。结果用13N-NH3PET腺苷负荷—静息MPI评估30例患者197个冠状动脉节段供血区,结果50个节段供血区确定为存活心肌（24个节段供血区发现可逆性灌注缺损,26个节段供血区呈固定性灌注缺损）,3个节段供血区确定为无存活心肌,其余144个节段供血区为正常心肌。以CAG发现≥50%狭窄为CAG检查结果阳性标准,30例中MPI与CAG结果相符合者24例。阳性22例、假阳性5例、假阴性1例、阴性2例。敏感度95.65%、特异度28.57%、阳性预测值81.48%、阴性预测值66.67%。以CAG发现≥75%狭窄为CAG阳性标准,30例中MPI结果与CAG结果相符合者25例。其中阳性22例、假阳性5例、假阴性0例、阴性3例。敏感度为100%、特异度为37.5%、阳性预测值为81.48%、阴性预测值为100%。结论 MPI用于疑似或确诊冠心病患者冠状动脉功能学评价效果较好。     

电子束CT血管造影对冠心病的诊断与术后随访价值

目的 :评价电子束 CT血管造影 （EBA）及其三维血管成像技术对冠心病的诊断和支架置入术、搭桥术后的无创性随访价值。方法 :经电子束 CT（EBT）检查的患者 14 3例 ,其中可疑冠心病 78例 ,支架置入术后复查者 52例 ,冠状动脉搭桥术后复查者 13例。 95例有冠状动脉造影 （CAG）结果证实。结果 :EBT可评价的冠状动脉中 ,以左主干和前降支的诊断敏感度、特异度最高 ,尤其是近段 ,其次为右冠 ,对回旋支的诊断敏感度和特异度则较低 ;52例支架置入术后患者共放置支架 153枚 ,EBT准确定位 150枚 ,对支架内开通诊断的符合率为 73 .9% ;13例冠状动脉搭桥术后复查的患者 ,共搭建冠状动脉桥血管 54支 ,EBT对桥血管开通与否的诊断符合率为 85.2 %。结论 :EBT对冠心病冠状动脉有意义狭窄的诊断具有较高的准确度 ,对支架术后 ,尤其是搭桥术后的复查也有较大的应用潜力 ,可部分替代有创的 CAG检查     

320排动态容积CT冠状动脉成像对胸痛患者的诊断价值

目的探讨320排动态容积CT冠状动脉成像对胸痛患者冠状动脉狭窄病变及斑块性质的诊断价值。方法对38例因胸痛住院患者先行冠状动脉CT血管造影（CCTA）检查,其中符合冠心病诊断的30例患者于2周内再行冠脉造影（CAG）检查,分析CCTA对冠脉狭窄病变的诊断价值;将冠心病患者分为稳定性心绞痛（SAP）组和急性冠脉综合征（ACS）组,根据不同CT值,将冠状动脉斑块分为软斑块、混合斑块、钙化斑块3类,观察3类斑块在两组患者中的不同构成。结果以CAG为金标准,CCTA对冠脉狭窄诊断的敏感性为91.84%,特异性97.83%,阳性预测值93.75%,阴性预测值97.12%,正确率96.26%,两种检查方法在诊断冠状动脉狭窄病变上差异无统计学意义;两种检查方法对冠脉狭窄程度的判断具有较好一致性（Kappa值=0.829）;ACS患者以软斑块为主（55.9%）,而SAP患者以钙化斑块为主（65%）,差异有统计学意义。结论 CCTA能准确诊断有意义的冠状动脉狭窄病变,且对冠状动脉斑块性质的判断有一定意义,CT值较低的软斑块与ACS有联系。     

冠状动脉影像学与心电图检查诊断老年冠心病价值的对比研究

目的：比较冠状动脉CT血管造影（CTA）与心电图对老年冠心病（CHD）患者的诊断价值。方法选择拟诊冠心病的老年住院患者148例,分别行冠状动脉CTA和心电图检查。其中有96例同时行冠状动脉造影检查。按冠状动脉造影结果分析冠状动脉CTA及心电图诊断冠心病的敏感度（阳性率）、特异度（阴性率）。结果冠状动脉CTA的敏感度为90.1%、特异度为88.1%、符合率为88.8%。心电图诊断CHD的敏感度为72.0%、特异度为57.1%、符合率为68.8%。冠状动脉造影狭窄程度≥90%的病变,心电图的敏感度最高,假阴性率最低;狭窄程度＜90%者与≥90%者比较,心电图敏感度较低,差异显著（均P＜0.01）。结论冠状动脉CTA发现有意义血管狭窄的敏感度、特异度较高,可作为老年冠心病诊断的有效方法;心电图对老年患者严重冠脉狭窄有一定的诊断价值。     

Association of coronary calcification with obstructive disease in coronary arteries in Indian patients

A total of 1150 consecutive patients (1052 males and 98 females; age 51.2 +/- 10.1 years) with suspected coronary artery disease (Group I) were subjected to fluoroscopy for detection of coronary artery calcification (CAC) and coronary angiography. Another group (Group II) of 120 patients (95 males and 25 females; age 51.4 +/- 9.4 years) catheterized for cardiac diseases other than coronary artery disease (CAD) were subjected to the same protocol of fluoroscopy and coronary angiography to exclude incidental CAD in view of their age. CAC was present in 240 patients (20.0%) in Group I. Of these, 200 (83.4%) had triple-vessel disease (TVD); 20 (8.3%) had double-vessel disease (DVD); 19 (7.9%) had single-vessel disease (SVD); and 37 (15.4%) patients had left main coronary disease (LMCAD). Only one of these patients had insignificant CAD considered as "normal" coronary arteries (NC). Incidence of LMCAD, TVD, DVD, SVD, and NC in patients without CAC was 4.4%, 56.3%, 18.2%, 14.0%, and 11.5%, respectively. Incidence of CAC in patients with LMCAD, TVD, DVD, SVD, and NC was 48.1%, 28.1%, 10.8%, 13.0%, and 1.0% respectively. In Group II (n = 120), 24 patients (20%) had CAD, CAC was present in 5 patients with CAD (20.9%), and in two patients without CAD (2%). CAC is relatively uncommon in Indian CAD patients. Its presence, however, indicates severe multivessel disease.     

Embolization complicating coronary angioplasty in the presence of an intracoronary thrombus

Two cases of coronary occlusion and subsequent embolization during percutaneous coronary angioplasty (PTCA) are described. Prior to PTCA, angiographic evidence of intracoronary thrombus was present. Abrupt reclosure after dilation was treated by successful redilation. However, coronary embolization of thrombus debris occurred downstream in one patient and into an adjacent coronary branch in the second patient.     

Provisional T-stenting and kissing balloon in the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions: results of the French multicenter "TULIPE" study.

BACKGROUND: In previous prospective studies, a strategy of (a) stenting of the main branch, (b) provisional T-stenting of the side branch, and (c) final kissing balloon inflation, was associated with high success and low target lesion revascularization (TLR) rates on the long-term. OBJECTIVES: To examine the performance of this strategy in a multicenter study. METHODS: Consecutive patients were treated at 14 French medical centers for de novo coronary bifurcation lesions with the same technique used. Immediate results and clinically-driven TLR at 7 months were examined. RESULTS: The mean reference diameters of the main and side branches were 3.2 +/- 0.6 mm and 2.4 +/- 0.5 mm, respectively. The side branch was stented in 34% of patients. A <30% residual stenosis in the main branch was achieved in 99%, <50% in the side branch in 90%, and both in 89% of procedures. The in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular event were a Q-wave and 5 non-Qwaves MI (0.54% and 2.7%). At 7 months of follow-up, 3 patients (1.76%) had died, 1 suffered a non-Q-wave MI (0.59%), and 28 (15.88%) underwent TLR. By multivariate analysis, a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (OR: 0.934), moderate calcifications (OR: 7.86), and non-use of the "jailed" wire technique (OR: 4.26) were associated with reinterventions during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: A strategy of provisional T-stenting with a tubular stent and final kissing balloon angioplasty for the treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions was safe and associated with a low TLR rate at 7 months. This strategy should be applicable to the new era of drug eluting stents.     

Relief of coronary artery spasm by nitroglycerin: Time-dependent variability in drug action

The arteriographic distinction between a fixed atheromatous obstruction and localized vasospasm in the coronary artery is often decided by the response of the lesion to nitroglycerin. We studied the time course of nitroglycerin in four patients with coronary artery spasm as revealed by selective angiography. Following complete dissolution of a 0.6 mg tablet of nitroglycerin sublingually, a slight increase in heart rate occurred as early as two minutes, variable changes in overall vessel diameter were observed within four minutes, but the localized spasm remained fixed. It was not until six minutes had elasped that reinjection showed disappearance of spasm and uniform patency of the vessel in all cases. These observations stress the importance of waiting an appropriate period of time (at least six minutes) following complete absorption of sublingual nitroglycerin before any conclusion can be rationally drawn regarding the nature of a stenotic lesion as seen angiographically.     

Low restenosis rate in lesions of the left anterior descending coronary artery with stenting following directional coronary atherectomy

The present study evaluated acute and late results with stenting following directional coronary atherectomy (DCA) for the lesions in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Between April 1995 and January 1997, 200 LAD lesions with ≥3 mm reference vessel diameter were treated with coronary stents. The lesions were divided as to whether or not DCA was performed before stenting; 1) stenting alone (n = 163) and 2) debulking and stenting (n = 37). There were no significant differences in the incidences of complications except for non-Q-wave myocardial infarction that was more frequent in patients with debulking and stenting than in those with stenting alone (13.5% vs. 2.4%, P < 0.05). A greater acute lumen gain (2.85 ± 0.66 vs. 2.25 ± 0.60 mm, P < 0.01) and minimal lumen diameter (3.64 ± 0.56 vs. 3.15 ± 0.41 mm, P < 0.01) after stenting were observed in patients with debulking and stenting than in those with stenting alone. At follow-up patients with debulking and stenting continued to have a greater minimal lumen diameter (2.88 ± 0.72 vs. 2.15 ± 0.85 mm, P < 0.01) and had a lower restenosis rate (6.3% vs. 23.1%, P < 0.05) than those with stenting alone. Stenting following DCA appears to be advantageous in the LAD lesions with ≥3 mm reference vessel diameter. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 45:131–138, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

老年人冠状动脉搭桥手术并发症的分析

目的分析一组老年冠状动脉（冠脉）搭桥手术患者围手术期的并发症，为减少手术治疗的并发症及病死率提供参考资料。方法总结１３例老年冠脉病变患者术前及围手术期的基础条件和手术情况，分析发生并发症的原因和围手术期处理不足之处的因素。结果６例出现并发症，其中２例较轻，分别为哮喘、术后渗血；４例较重，１例为肺间质水肿，２例低心排血量综合征、心源性哮喘，１例失血性休克导致多器官功能衰竭而死亡。结论减少并发症是降低病死率的重要措施。为此，术前必须最大限度地改善老年患者全身情况；术中应根据冠脉病理解剖变化，彻底再血管化，加强心肌保护，提高手术质量和缩短阻断时间；术后加强监护，及时采取预防措施。     

Comparison of combination therapy of adenosine and nitroprusside with adenosine alone in the treatment of angiographic no-reflow phenomenon.

We sought to compare the combination therapy of adenosine and nitroprusside in no-reflow phenomenon during percutaneous coronary intervention. Improvement in coronary flow from no-reflow to postdrug state was evaluated. Patients who received adenosine (n = 21) were compared to ones who received the combination of adenosine and nitroprusside (n = 20) for treatment. Improvement of TIMI flow grades was higher in the group that received combined therapy (1.5 +/- 1.0 vs. 0.8 +/- 0.6; P < 0.05). Combination therapy of adenosine and nitroprusside is safe and provides better improvement in coronary flow compared to intracoronary adenosine alone in case of impaired flow during coronary interventions.