完全可降解聚乳酸西罗莫司洗脱支架在小型猪冠状动脉模型中的实验研究

目的评价新型全降解聚乳酸西罗莫司洗脱支架（XinsorbTM）在小型猪冠状动脉抑制新生内膜增殖的有效性和安全性。方法裸金属支架（Bare metal stent,BMS）16枚和Xinsorb支架16枚分别随机置入16头小型猪的前降支（16枚）和右冠状动脉（16枚）。置入30d和90d,复查冠状动脉造影后处死部分动物取出支架段血管,将支架分成等长的两部分,一半用树脂包埋后制作硬组织切片,苏木素和伊红染色（haematoxylin and eosin,HE）分析组织形态,评价新生内膜增殖及管腔狭窄率;另一半用戊二醛固定后用扫描电镜观察支架段血管内皮化情况。结果 Xinsorb支架置入后未出现支架内血栓,并有效防止血管弹性回缩造成的血管狭窄。病理分析提示：置入30d,Xinsorb支架比BMS能显著减少新生内膜面积（0.9±0.2）mm2比（2.2±0.2）mm2（P〈0.05）和管腔狭窄面积（19.3±3.4）%比（38.2±5.3）%（P〈0.05）,置入30d时BMS内皮化完全,但Xinsorb支架表面有部分未完全内皮化,Xinsorb支架内皮化完全所需的时间在30～90d。结论 Xinsorb支架在置入小型猪冠状动脉90d内,可以有效地支撑血管壁防止弹性回缩并抑制新生内膜增殖,在置入早期轻度延迟内皮的修复。     

光学相干断层成像比较猪冠状动脉西罗莫司洗脱支架与佐他莫司洗脱支架置入后早期新生内膜覆盖情况

目的应用光学相干断层成像(OCT)比较西罗莫司洗脱支架(SES)与佐他莫司洗脱支架(ZES)置入后1月内新生内膜覆盖情况。方法 18只中华小型猪平均分为3组,每只猪分别在前降支和右冠状动脉随机置入SES和ZES支架各一枚,3组实验动物分别在第7天、14天、28天进行OCT检查,测量新生内膜厚度、支架内面积、管腔内面积、新生内膜面积、面积狭窄百分比和新生内膜覆盖率,比较ZES与SES置入后1月内新生内膜覆盖情况。结果 OCT测量结果显示,支架置入7天和14天时,ZES与SES两种支架丝表面新生内膜厚度和新生内膜覆盖率均存在显著统计学差异(P<0.001)。同样支架术后28天时ZES与SES支架丝表面新生内膜厚度存在显著统计学差异(244.3±282.3μmvs136.3±91.1μm,P<0.001),新生内膜覆盖率存在显著差异(94.88%±2.93%vs90.96%±4.35%,P=0.008)。结论在支架置入后1个月内,ZES与SES比较新生内膜增生更显著,支架丝表面新生内膜覆盖率更高。     

可降解与非降解聚合物涂层雷帕霉素洗脱支架置入小型猪冠状动脉后的对比研究

目的:对比4种不同的生物可降解或非降解聚合物涂层的雷帕霉素洗脱支架(SES)置入健康小型猪冠状动脉后的安全性及有效性。方法:对2007-09至2009-07期间本研究组完成的采用4种不同涂层SES的动物实验资料进行分析,分为可降解的聚乳酸聚羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)涂层SES组(PLGA组)、可降解的聚左旋乳酸(PLLA)涂层SES组(PLLA组)、非降解的苯乙烯丁烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)涂层SES组(SBS组)和非降解的聚乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVAC)涂层SES组(EVAC组)。PLGA组包括4周观察终点的猪5只,另外3组包括4周观察终点的猪各4只。每只猪于左前降支和右冠状动脉各置入同种支架1枚。至观察终点时复查冠状动脉造影并处死取材,通过形态学方法观察血管壁炎症及内膜增生情况。结果:4周时EVAC组有3例标本血管壁大量淋巴细胞和嗜酸细胞浸润,形成炎症肉芽肿,而PLGA组、PLLA组和SBS组无明显炎症反应。PLGA组、PLLA组和SBS组平均炎症细胞密度,残余管腔直径,残余管腔面积,内弹力板围绕面积,外弹力板围绕面积均显著小于EVAC组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05),而PLGA组、PLLA组和SBS组之间差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。各组间在反映内膜增生的指标(平均内膜厚度、新生内膜面积、面积狭窄百分比)上差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。各组均无支架内狭窄(面积狭窄百分比≥50%)发生。结论:这4种采用不同涂层的SES支架均可以显著抑制健康小型猪冠状动脉支架置入术后4周时的内膜增生。采用可降解的PLGA和PLLA涂层的SES有良好的组织相容性,而非降解的EVAC涂层SES有较重的炎症反应。     

Mytrolimus药物洗脱支架预防支架内再狭窄的实验研究

目的评价新型聚烯烃类高分子化合物涂层携载雷帕霉素衍生物-Mytrolimus(CCI-779)洗脱支架在小型猪冠状动脉模型预防再狭窄的疗效。方法小型猪冠状动脉分别置入裸支架、单纯聚烯烃类高分子化合物涂层支架和Mytrolimus洗脱支架(160μg/18mm)。术后4周重复冠状动脉造影后处死动物,测定3组支架血管段的损伤指数、冠状动脉横截面积、管腔面积、支架上平均内膜厚度、支架间平均内膜厚度、新生内膜面积、面积再狭窄百分比,并作比较。结果裸支架组(置入支架数n=10)、单纯聚烯烃类高分子化合物涂层支架组(n=10)和Mytrolimus洗脱支架组(n=8)3组冠状动脉大小和血管损伤程度基本相同,术后4周,单纯聚烯烃类高分子化合物涂层组与裸支架比较多项参数差异均无统计学意义。Mytrolimus药物洗脱支架组和裸支架组的支架上内膜厚度分别为(0.18±0.08)mm和(0.33±0.25)mm(P<0.05);支架间内膜厚度分别为(0.14±0.05)mm和(0.28±0.23)mm(P<0.05);新生内膜面积分别为(1.09±0.24)mm2和(2.44±1.59)mm2(P<0.05)。上述多项参数在Mytroliums洗脱支架组均显著少于裸支架组。Mytrolimus组新生内膜面积比裸支架组少了55.33%,且Mytrolimus组无一例再狭窄。结论Mytrolimus洗脱支架在置入小型猪冠状动脉4周时可有效抑制内膜增生、预防冠状动脉实验性支架内再狭窄。     

抗CD34抗体优化雷帕霉素洗脱支架疗效的实验研究

目的 评价抗CD34抗体对雷帕霉素洗脱支架早期再内皮化以及远期抗再狭窄的影响.方法 将裸金属支架(BMS)、雷帕霉素洗脱支架(SES)和抗CD34抗体与雷帕霉素洗脱联合支架(ASES)随机置入到22头中华小型猪的冠状动脉内(共置入15枚BMS、17枚SES和16枚ASES).10头中华小型猪在置入支架(共置入6枚BMS、7枚SES和7枚ASES)后2周,另外12头中华小型猪在置入支架(共置入9枚BMS、10枚SES和9枚ASES)后3个月,进行冠状动脉造影及冠状动脉内光学相干断层成像( OCT)检查,并在处死动物后对支架段冠状动脉进行病理组织学检查及扫描电镜观察.结果 (1)支架术后2周,冠状动脉造影、OCT图像及支架段冠状动脉的病理组织学的观察均未发现支架内血栓及小的附壁血栓.对OCT图像的分析显示,ASES新生内膜覆盖率显著高于SES[ (55.56±35.27)％比(41.82±23.28)％,P＜0.05];ASES平均内膜覆盖厚度不但显著高于SES[(89.0±5.0)μm比(32.0±4.9) μm,P＜0.01],而且显著高于BMS[( 89.0±5.0) μ,m比(44.0±7.2)μm,P＜0.01].病理组织学观察及扫描电镜观察显示,ASES和BMS新生内膜覆盖水平及质量均优于SES.(2)支架术后3个月,定量冠状动脉造影显示ASES晚期支架内管腔丢失显著低于BMS [(0.18±0.06)mm比(0.35±0.06)mm,P＜0.05];对OCT图像的分析显示,ASES和SES新生内膜增生百分比均显著低于BMS[ (34.75±2.64)％和(35.63±2.07)％比(48.28±3.25)％,均P＜0.01];组织病理学分析显示,ASES和SES面积再狭窄百分比均显著低于BMS组[(28.65±5.64)％和(29.33±6.07)％比(46.18±8.25)％,均P＜0.05].结论 将抗CD34抗体联合应用到雷帕霉素洗脱支架上能够显著抵消后者在支架术后2周对再内皮化的抑制作用,同时没有削弱雷帕霉素洗脱支架术后3个月的抗再狭窄效能.     

新型钴铬合金可降解涂层西罗莫司洗脱支架在猪冠状动脉过度扩张模型中对新生内膜的影响

目的：评价L-605钴铬合金支架平台、聚丙交酯-乙交酯（PLGA）共聚物载体西罗莫司药物洗脱支架在小型猪冠状动脉过度扩张模型中的安全性和有效性。方法裸金属支架（BMS,15枚）、已上市可降解涂层西罗莫司药物洗脱支架（EXCEL,21枚）和钴铬合金PLGA共聚物载体西罗莫司药物洗脱支架（Co-P-SES,21枚）分组随机置入30头小型猪的前降支（LAD）28枚,回旋支（LCX）13枚,右冠状动脉（RCA）16枚。术后28 d、91 d及182 d复查冠状动脉造影,评价管腔丢失（LL）等指标后处死动物,进行组织形态学及组织病理学分析。结果术后28 d及91 d,各实验组的管腔丢失、新生内膜面积、炎症积分及内皮化积分差异均无统计学意义,但术后28 d Co-P-SES组在扫描电镜下观察内皮化程度优于EXCEL组;术后182 d,Co-P-SES组与EXCEL组在管腔丢失、炎症积分及内皮化积分中差异均无统计学意义,但在内弹力板环绕面积相似的情况下, Co-P-SES组的管腔面积大于EXCEL组[（4.31±0.94）mm2比（2.62±1.17）mm2,P=0.020）],新生内膜面积小于EXCEL组[（1.87±0.53）mm2比（0.84±0.41）mm2,P=0.004）],差异均有统计学意义。结论在小型猪冠状动脉过度扩张模型中,Co-P-SES的安全性与EXCEL类似,在内皮化及减少新生内膜形成方面可能存在一定优势,有必要进一步临床研究以更好地评价其安全性及有效性。     

雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架对糖尿病小型猪冠状动脉支架置入后内膜增生的影响

目的:评估雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架(SES)对糖尿病小型猪冠状动脉支架置入后内膜增生的作用.方法:建立链脲菌素诱导的糖尿病小型猪模型(糖尿病组,n=12),随机选取2支冠状动脉置入SES,共计置入24枚支架,术后饲养6个月,与非糖尿病置入SES支架的小型猪模型(对照组,n=12)比较冠状动脉造影、血管内超声及组织切片检查结果.结果:两组动物支架置入冠状动脉分布,术前参照血管直径[糖尿病组:(2.78±0.35)mm,对照组:(2.81±0.29)mm]及术后即刻最小管腔内径[糖尿病组:(2.90±0.42)mm,对照组:(2.89±0.33)mm]均相似(P均>0.05).术后6个月糖尿病组支架内狭窄程度[(35.6±9.2)%和(7.9±3.1)%,P<0.001]、支架内晚期管腔丢失[(0.32±0.09)mm和(0.09±0.04)mm,P<0.001]、新生内膜厚度[血管内超声:(0.35±0.12)mm和(0.11±0.08)mm,P<0.05]及新生内膜面积[血管内超声:(1.29±0.51)mm~2和(0.26±0.11)mm~2,P<0.001;组织切片:(1.24±0.76)mm~2和(0.19±0.08)mm~2,P<0.05]均显著高于对照组.结论:糖尿病小型猪冠状动脉置入SES后内膜增生程度显著高于无糖尿病模型.     

抗CD34抗体抵消雷帕霉素洗脱支架内皮延迟修复研究

目的:雷帕霉素洗脱支架在降低再狭窄风险的同时,通过抑制血管再内皮化,可能增加支架内血栓发生风险,抗CD34抗体通过特异捕获血液中内皮祖细胞,加速支架术后血管再内皮化。本研究目的是将抗CD34抗体涂敷到雷帕霉素洗脱支架上,通过实验小猪支架术后不同时间造影,随访评价抗CD34抗体对雷帕霉素洗脱支架早期再内皮化的影响。方法:将3种不同类型的支架包括金属裸支架(bare-metal stents,BMS)、雷帕霉素洗脱支架(sirolimous-eluting stents,SES)和抗CD34抗体与雷帕霉素洗脱联合支架(anti-CD34 antibody and sirolimous-eluting combined stents,ASES)随机植入到符合条件的10头中华小型猪冠状动脉内(共植入了6个BMS、7个支架和7个ASES),支架植入术后2 w,进行冠状动脉造影及冠状动脉内光学相干断层成像(optical coherence tomography,OCT)检查;动物处死后,对支架段冠状动脉进行病理组织学检查及扫描电镜观察。结果:1.通过对冠状动脉造影、OCT图像及支架段冠状动脉的病理组织学的观察分析,均未发现支架内血栓及小的附壁血栓。2.在2 w OCT检查图像上,ASES新生内膜覆盖率显著高于SES[(55.56±35.27)%vs.(41.82±23.28)%,P=0.047],ASES平均内膜覆盖厚度不但显著高于SES[(89±5.0)μm vs.(32±4.9)μm,P<0.001]、还高于BMS[(89±5.0)μm vs.(44±7.2)μm,P=0.001]。病理组织学观察及扫描电镜观察也显示,ASES和BMS新生内膜覆盖水平及质量均优于SES。结论:将抗CD34抗体联合应用到雷帕霉素洗脱支架上,能够显著抵消后者在支架术后早期对再内皮化的抑制作用。     

聚乳酸聚碳酸酯共聚物涂层紫杉醇洗脱支架预防小型猪血管支架内再狭窄的实验研究

目的评价生物可降解聚乳酸聚碳酸酯共聚物(PTDLA)涂层紫杉醇洗脱支架预防小型猪血管支架内再狭窄的有效性与安全性。方法 27只小型猪以体质量编号随机分入裸支架(BMS)组、单纯PTDLA涂层支架(POLY)组和PTDLA涂层紫杉醇洗脱支架(PACL)组。各组均包括1、3个月和6个月观察终点的小型猪各3只。每只小型猪于双侧股动脉各置入同种支架1枚。至观察终点,复查血管造影并处死取材,通过组织病理形态学观察内膜增生及炎症情况。结果共54枚支架成功置入27只小型猪股动脉,术后均健康存活。术后即刻及处死前血管造影示各相关动脉均通畅,无支架内血栓、移位及其他并发症。1个月时,3组中PACL组内膜厚度最小[(133±26)μm比(280±54)μm和(284±46)μm,P<0.05];管腔面积最大[(3.92±0.32)mm~2比(2.86±0.24)mm~2和(2.78±0.22)mm~2,P<0.05]。3个月时,3组反映内膜增生的各项指标均加重,仍以PACL组内膜厚度最小[(190±21)μm比(374±40)μm和(334±30)μm,P<0.01],管腔面积最大[(3.68±0.30)mm~2比(2.40±0.20)mm~2和(2.55±0.23)mm~2,P<0.01]。6个月时,3组内膜增生均进一步加重,PACL组内膜厚度最小,但3组间差异无统计学意义[(328±28)μm比(440±45)μm和(408±39)μm,P=0.13];剩余管腔面积最大,但差异亦无统计学意义[(2.83±0.25)mm~2比(2.17±0.23)mm~2和(2.30±0.18)mm~2,P=0.12]。结论采用可降解PTDLA涂层的紫杉醇洗脱支架可以安全有效地抑制健康小型猪血管支架置入术后1个月和3个月时的内膜增生,保持管腔面积,预防血管支架内再狭窄。     

雷帕霉素与紫杉醇药物洗脱支架对小型猪早期冠状动脉炎症性狭窄治疗的定量冠状动脉造影研究

目的:制作小型猪冠状动脉炎症型支架再狭窄模型,用定量冠状动脉造影、测定支架处血管壁内膜增生程度及炎症因子表达等方法探讨雷帕霉素及紫杉醇涂层支架对炎症性冠状动脉狭窄的抑制作用。方法:小型雄性家猪14头,开胸法将冠状动脉外膜包裹吸附白介素-1β(IL-1β)琼脂糖微粒悬液的纸巾。2周后,用定量冠状动脉造影观察管腔狭窄程度及随机分为雷帕霉素支架组(n=7)、紫杉醇支架组(n=9)及裸支架组(n=8)。1个月后进行随访定量冠状动脉造影测定各组冠状动脉支架节段内和支架内的最小管腔直径(MDL),参照管腔直径(RLD),管腔狭窄百分比(DS),计算出晚期管腔丢失(LLL)进行对比分析。塑料包埋法进行支架血管切片,测定管腔增生面积及血管壁单核细胞趋化因子-1(MCP-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、P-选择素、血管细胞间黏附因子-1(VCAM-1)的表达。结果:冠状动脉外膜包裹IL-1β血管段局限性狭窄平均达到70％以上。裸支架组中冠状动脉支架节段内和支架内的LLL明显高于雷帕霉素支架组和紫杉醇支架组,且再狭窄(DS)率高。雷帕霉素支架组及紫杉醇支架组冠状动脉支架节段内和支架内LLL均低于裸支架组,且明显抑制内膜增生(P<0．01)。但只有雷帕霉素支架组明显下调MCP-1,TNF-α,P-选择素和VCAM-1的表达。结论:雷帕霉素和紫杉醇药物洗脱支架对IL-1β诱发的小型猪冠状动脉炎症性狭窄均有较好的抗内膜增殖作用,但在LLL指标及抑制内膜增生方面雷帕霉素优于紫杉醇药物洗脱支架,有可能是通过直接或间接抗炎机制达到的。     

Comparison of 3‐Year Clinical Outcomes Between Resolute™ Zotarolimus‐ and Sirolimus‐Eluting Stents for Long Coronary Artery Stenosis

Objectives

Long‐term clinical outcomes were evaluated in long coronary artery stenosis treated with different types of drug‐eluting stents.

Background

Long‐term follow‐up data to compare clinical outcomes between Resolute? zotarolimus‐eluting stent (R‐ZES) versus sirolimus‐eluting stent (SES) implantation for long coronary artery stenosis is insufficient.

Methods

A total of 254 patients (307 lesions) treated with R‐ZES and 265 patients (303 lesions) treated with SES for long coronary lesions (total stent length ≥30 mm) were enrolled, and long‐term (3 years) clinical outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. Efficacy (target lesion revascularization [TLR]) and safety (the composite occurrence of cardiovascular death, target lesion–related myocardial infarction, or target lesion–related definite stent thrombosis) were assessed.

Results

The 2 groups had similar baseline characteristics except for the duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (23.4 ± 11.2 months in R‐ZES‐treated patients vs. 27.4 ± 13.9 months in SES‐treated patients, P < 0.001). Total stent length was similar in R‐ZES‐treated patients (45.0 ± 19.0 mm) and SES‐treated patients (45.4 ± 18.6 mm) (P = 0.464). The cumulative TLR rate was 4.6% in R‐ZES‐treated patients versus 4.6% in SES‐treated patients (P = 0.911). For safety parameters, R‐ZES‐treated patients showed a significantly lower rate of the composite occurrence of cardiovascular death, target lesion–related myocardial infarction, or target lesion–related definite stent thrombosis than SES‐treated patients (0.4% vs. 2.4%, P = 0.042). Particularly, the occurrence of target lesion–related definite stent thrombosis was significantly lower in R‐ZES‐treated patients than in SES‐treated patients (0.0% vs. 2.0%, P = 0.028).

Conclusions

R‐ZES stents showed superior long‐term safety than SES for treating long coronary lesions, while maintaining a similar clinical efficacy.

     

One-year results of the SCORPIUS study: a German multicenter investigation on the effectiveness of sirolimus-eluting stents in diabetic patients.

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to analyze the effectiveness of drug-eluting stents in a high-risk group of diabetic patients. Previously, this had been analyzed only in substudies of larger trials or in clinical investigations enrolling a small number of patients. BACKGROUND: Drug-eluting stents are highly effective in reducing the rate of in-stent restenosis. METHODS: Two hundred patients with diabetes and de novo coronary artery lesions were enrolled in 16 centers: 98 were randomly assigned to sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) and 102 received bare-metal stents (BMS). The primary end point was in-segment late luminal loss. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) rate was analyzed at 30 days and 8 and 12 months. RESULTS: The extent of in-segment late luminal loss in the SES group was 0.18 mm compared with 0.74 mm in the BMS group. In-segment restenosis was identified on follow-up angiography in 8.8% of the patients in SES and in 42.1% in BMS (p < 0.0001). Target lesion revascularization was performed in 5.3% of the patients in SES and in 21.1% of the patients in BMS (p = 0.002). The SES was effective in the treatment group with oral diabetic medication as well as in the insulin-dependent treatment group (3.6% SES vs. 38.8% BMS). There was no subacute stent thrombosis in the SES group up to 1 year. The MACE rate was not significantly different at 30 days. At 12 months, MACE rate was 14.7% in SES versus 35.8% in BMS. CONCLUSIONS: The SES is safe and highly effective in patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease and associated with a significant decrease in the extent of late luminal loss.     

Comparison of 2‐year clinical outcomes between zotarolimus‐, sirolimus‐, and paclitaxel‐eluting stents in real life clinical practice

Background : There are few studies comparing the long‐term efficacy and safety of the zotarolimus‐eluting stent (ZES) with sirolimus‐ (SES) and paclitaxel‐eluting stents (PES) in the unselected cohorts that were subject to real life clinical practice. Methods : Total 2,769 patient who underwent successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with the three drug‐eluting stents (DES) between April 2006 and July 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 1,152 patients were treated with SES, 810 with PES, and 807 with ZES. The primary analysis endpoint was cumulative rate of target‐lesion failure (TLF) at 24 months, defined as the composite of cardiac death, target‐vessel‐related myocardial infarction (MI), and target‐lesion revascularization (TLR). Results : At 24 months, the incidence of TLF was significantly lower in the SES group compared with the ZES (7.6% vs. 11.3%, HR = 0.66, CI = 0.49–0.88, P = 0.005) or the PES group (7.6% vs. 10.2%, HR = 0.74, CI = 0.55–0.99, P = 0.048), while similar between the PES and the ZES groups (HR = 0.89, CI = 0.66–1.20, P = 0.443). The difference was mostly driven by higher rate of TLR in the ZES and PES groups compared with the SES group, mostly within the first year post‐PCI. However, the rate of hard endpoints (cardiac death or nonfatal MI) was similar among the three groups. These results were reproduced in the propensity score‐matched cohort.Conclusions : This observational study shows that the use of SES is superior to PES or ZES for the TLF in the overall and matched analysis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

光学相干断层成像在冠心病介入治疗中的应用价值

目的应用光学相干断层成像（OCT）技术评价冠状动脉内粥样硬化斑块、血管对置入支架后即刻和中远期的反应。方法20例冠心病患者,有22支血管在完成冠状动脉造影或介入治疗后进行OCT成像。同时获取23个支架OCT成像,在23个支架中有15个为支架术后4～35个月随访,其中7个为雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架,8个为金属裸支架,另外8个为支架置放后即刻成像。结果入选的20例患者均成功进行OCT检查,并获取22支血管和23个支架满意的图像。通过OCT成像清晰地显示8处纤维斑块、3处钙化斑块、9处富含脂质斑块、2处血栓形成、斑块破裂3处及血管壁上夹层、粥样硬化斑块微小裂口和夹层等。7个置入雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架后OCT随访,均未发现有明显再狭窄,支架表面有少量内膜覆盖,部分支架表面没有内膜覆盖,其中1个支架血管出现瘤样扩张、支架与血管壁分离、支架表面没有内膜覆盖,有1个支架没有充分扩张。8个金属裸支架后用OCT随访发现,所有置入金属裸支架后支架表面内膜增殖明显,其中有3个支架因为内膜过度增殖而出现再狭窄,并再次接受介入治疗。8个支架术后即刻OCT检查显示,与血管贴壁均良好、支架扩张充分有3个支架,4个支架充分扩张,但可见到斑块裂片通过支架网眼突入管腔,1个支架支撑杆分布不均,可见支架与血管壁分离,在8个支架中有2个为支架内套叠支架。结论OCT成像技术可清晰显示各种冠状动脉粥样斑块情况,并可用于评价冠状动脉介入治疗的效果。     

Comparison of 4.5‐Year Outcomes of Bare‐Metal and Zotarolimus‐Eluting Stents in New York

Background

Both bare‐metal stents (BMS; the first‐generation coronary stent) and zotarolimus‐eluting stents (ZES; a second‐generation drug‐eluting stent [DES]) have been widely utilized to treat coronary heart disease. However, the long‐term comparative effectiveness of BMS and ZES remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate long‐term comparative effectiveness of BMS versus ZES.

Methods

We created a longitudinal database by linking the New York State (NYS) cardiac registries, statewide hospital discharge data, the National Death Index (NDI), and the U.S. Census file (2010) for patients receiving either BMS or ZES during the 2008–2009 period. We examined the rates of all‐cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), target‐lesion PCI (TLPCI), and target‐vessel coronary artery bypass graft (TVCABG) surgery for a follow‐up period of 4.5 years. A total of 10,443 propensity score matched pairs were compared using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression adjusting for patient risk factors.

Results

We found that patients receiving ZES had a lower rate of 4.5‐year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio AHR: 0.68, 95% confidence interval CI: 0.63–0.73), AMI (AHR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.80–0.98), and TVCABG (AHR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.71–0.99) but a similar rate of TLPCI (AHR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.93–1.12). For “off‐label” and “high‐risk” subgroups, ZES was associated with improved mortality and generally better or non‐inferior AMI, TLPCI, and TVCABG outcomes relative to BMS.

Conclusions

Compared with BMS, ZES was associated with lower long‐term mortality, AMI and TVCABG. (J Interven Cardiol 2016;29:265–274)

     

中国冠心病患者接受不同支架治疗预后的荟萃分析

目的比较中国冠心病患者置入药物洗脱支架(DES)和裸支架(BMS)或西罗莫司洗脱支架(SES)和紫杉醇洗脱支架(PES)之间,临床预后的差别。方法检索数据库,纳入随访时间≥6个月的、比较DES和BMS或SES和PES的临床研究。用STATA 10.0作荟萃分析,比较不同类型支架的临床预后,包括主要心血管不良事件(MACE)、靶病变血运重建(TLR)、靶血管血运重建(TVR)、支架内血栓形成和心肌梗死的发生情况。结果共纳入文献11篇(3780例),随访时间从6个月至3年。与BMS相比,DES可减少MACE(OR=0.471,95%CI0.336～0.662,P<0.001)、减少TVR(OR=0.250,95% CI0.148～0.422,P<0.001),但支架内血栓形成在两组间差异无统计学意义。而SES与PES相比,在MACE、TLR、TVR、支架内血栓、心肌梗死方面差异均无统计学意义。结论药物洗脱支架有效性、安全性高,药物支架中,西罗莫司支架和紫杉醇支架差异无统计学意义。     

The Stenting Coronary Arteries in Non-stress/benestent Disease (SCANDSTENT) trial.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the SCANDSTENT study was to evaluate the use of sirolimus-eluting stents (SES) in complex coronary lesions. BACKGROUND: The use of SES improves angiographic and clinical outcomes compared with bare-metal stents (BMS) in simple coronary artery lesions, but there is limited evidence of their safety and efficacy when implanted in complex lesions. METHODS: We randomly assigned 322 patients with symptomatic complex coronary artery disease to receive either SES or BMS. The lesions were occluded (36%), bifurcational (34%), ostial (22%), or angulated (8%) in morphology. The primary end point was the difference in minimal lumen diameter six months after stent implantation. RESULTS: The patients were well matched in terms of demographic and angiographic baseline characteristics; 18% had diabetes. The reference vessel diameter was 2.86 mm in mean, and the lesion length 18.0 mm. At follow-up, patients who received SES had a minimal lumen diameter of 2.48 mm compared with 1.65 mm in those who received BMS (p < 0.001), a diameter stenosis of 19.3% versus 43.8% (p < 0.001), and 2.0% versus 31.9% developed restenosis (p < 0.001). The rate of major adverse cardiac events was 4.3% with SES versus 29.3% with BMS (p < 0.001), and stent thrombosis was observed in 0.6% in the SES group versus 3.1% in the BMS group (p = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS: The use of SES markedly reduced restenosis and the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events in patients with complex coronary artery lesions without increasing the risk of stent thrombosis.     

Selective versus exclusive use of sirolimus-eluting stent implantation in multivessel coronary artery disease.

Sirolimus-eluting stents (SESs; Cypher) have demonstrated a significant reduction in restenosis rates when compared to bare metal stents (BMSs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the strategy of exclusive use of two SESs versus the combination of one BMS and one SES for two-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD). It was found that the selective use of one SES combined with one BMS in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention that requires more than one stent is safe, feasible, and associated with favorable procedural, 30-day, and 6-month clinical outcomes when compared to the exclusive use of SESs.