拉米夫定治疗慢乙肝的长期疗效及安全性评价

研究拉米夫定（lamivudine)对慢性乙型肝炎（慢乙肝）的长期疗效和安全性。49例患者均用拉米夫定100mg/d，疗程1－2年。疗效评估包括临床症状和体征、肝功能、HBV复制的指标。治疗3－6个月时，HBV－DNA阴转率为87．8％－75．5％，2年时降至40．9％。疗程结束时HBeAg的血清转换率为11．8％。6个月时ALT复常率为79．6％。疗程结束时ALT复常率为59．1％。拉米夫定治疗6－9个月后可出现YMDD变异，随着疗程的延长YMDD变异率升高，YMDD变异后病情急性发作者，多出现HBeAg的血清转换。拉米夫定能有效抑制HBV复制，迅速降低血清中HBV－DNA水平，提高HBeAg血清转换率，长期服用耐受性好，但疗程越长YMDD变异率越高。     

慢性乙型肝炎治疗过程中病毒基因变异及临床意义的研究

目的研究干扰素和拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎HBV前C区A83点突变及YMDD变异的发生情况,并探讨联合治疗对慢性HBV基因变异的影响.方法90例慢性乙型肝炎病人进行随机化分组,30例肌肉注射干扰素,30例常规口服拉米夫定100 mg/d,30例给予拉米夫定和干扰素联合治疗.治疗前检测血清丙氨酸转移酶水平,HBV DNA滴度(定量)水平,前C区A83点突变和YMDD变异,治疗后第1、3、6、9个月分别进行肝功能、HBV DNA定量检测,应用错配聚合酶链反应及限制性片断长度多态性(mPCR-RFLP)检测HBV基因变异的发生情况,对干扰素治疗、拉米夫定治疗和联合治疗后的慢性HBV变异情况进行比较,进行统计学分析.结果干扰素和拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎都可引起前C区A83点突变和YMDD变异,干扰素引起的变异以前C区A83突变为主,拉米夫定引起的变异以YMDD变异为主,而联合治疗则较少引起HBV变异,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论HBV变异是药物治疗选择的结果,干扰素、拉米夫定治疗后使变异株成为优势毒株,药效下降,病毒DNA滴度反跳,拉米夫定联合干扰素治疗HBV,基因变异机会则相对较少.     

拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎失败的相关因素分析

目的探讨拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）失败的相关因素。方法回顾性分析224例拉米夫定治疗CHB患者的临床资料,根据其疗效分为失败组和成功组,比较两组年龄、性别、用药前ALT、HBV DNA水平、治疗24周后HBV DNA阴转、规则用药、HBeAg性质及HBV YMDD变异等因素。结果拉米夫定治疗失败96例,成功128例;与成功组比较,失败组治疗前ALT水平、治疗24周后HBV DNA阴转率、HBeAg阳性患者治疗中阴转和血清转换率低（P〈0.01）,治疗前HBV DNA水平和HBV YMDD变异率高,患者不规则用药（P〈0.01）,两组在年龄和性别间的差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。结论ALT、HBV DNA基线水平,治疗24周后HBV DNA阴转、用药规则,HBV YMDD变异及治疗后HBeAg性质改变均是影响拉米夫定治疗CHB疗效的相关因素。     

乙型肝炎病毒基因变异对慢性乙型肝炎患者病情发展及抗病毒治疗的影响

目的 探讨乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)基因变异对慢性乙型肝炎(慢乙肝)患者病情发展、严重程度以及对抗病毒治疗疗效的影响。方法 采用基因芯片技术，对选取的部分乙型肝炎患者进行HBV基因变异位点的检测。结果 α-干扰素治疗24周以上，HBeAg不发生血清转化，或出现HBeAg(-)／抗-HBe( )，但HBV—DNA定量检测仍持续阳性患者与nt1896、nt1814、nt1762、nt1764位点突变有关；拉米夫定治疗后，HBV—DNA先下降或转阴，后又再度反弹患者与aa528、aa552变异(即YMDD变异)造成拉米夫定耐药有关；拉米夫定治疗52周以上的部分患者易发生YMDD变异(26．4％)；在慢性乙肝患者中nt1896位点变异较普遍(68．5％)；慢性重症肝炎、肝硬化失代偿、原发性肝癌与nt1896、nt1762、nt1764位点突变亦有关。结论 HBV基因变异可加重患者病情，影响抗病毒治疗效果。临床上通过对乙肝患者进行HBV常见变异位点进行检测，对判断疾病预后，调整抗病毒治疗方案具有一定的参考价值。     

拉米夫定与HBV YMDD耐药变异及临床相关因素分析

目的:用PCR-RFLP方法检测慢性乙型肝炎患者HBV-YMDD变异发生的情况,并分析与YMDD变异发生有关的因素。方法:从慢性乙型肝炎患者血清中提取的HBV DNA,扩增HBV多聚酶YMDD主型区核苷酸序列,用针对突变位点的特异限制性内切酶酶切扩增产物,经6％聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳后用限制性片段长度多态性技术鉴定HBVYMDD变异。结果:在152例慢性乙型肝炎患者中,72例单用拉米夫定治疗、41例接受拉米夫定与干扰素联合治疗、39例未接受拉米夫定治疗的患者,HBV YMDD变异检出率分别是47.2％、19.5％、7.7％;72例单用拉米夫定治疗的患者,36例治疗2周～6个月、20例治疗7～12个月、16例治疗13～27个月,HBV YMDD变异检出率分别是25％、55％、87.5％。结论:在使用拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎的过程中可发生YMDD耐药变异,且随拉米夫定治疗时间的延长,变异发生率增加,但拉米夫定与干扰素联合进行抗病毒治疗可延迟或阻滞YMDD变异的发生。HBVYMDD变异可能自然存在或发生。HBV基因组其他位点的变异也可能使HBV对拉米夫定产生耐药性。     

拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎36例临床观察

目的观察拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎的效果。方法36例患者,采取拉米夫定治疗,分别于12月和24个月时观察ALT复常率,HBV DNA转阴率及HBeAg转阴率,同时检测YMDD变异的情况。结果拉米夫定治疗1年的HBV DNA、HBeAg转阴率为别为54.5%、24.2%,HBeAg/抗HBe血清转换率12.1%,ALT复常率78.8%,YM-DD变异率5.6%。停药半年后血清HBV DNA复阳率为22.2%,YMDD变异率18.2%,ALT再次升高率33.3%,死亡1例。结论拉米夫定能够有效降低HBV DNA水平,随着用药时间的延长,YMDD变异的发生率逐渐升高,部份病例停药后出现病情反复或加重。     

拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎过程中HBV YMDD变异与临床

目的:探讨拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎过程中HBV YMDD变异与临床的关系。方法:对应用拉米夫定治疗的19例慢性乙型肝炎患者进行肝功能、乙肝病毒血清学标志物、HBV YMDD变异检测,个别病例进行肝组织病理学检查。结果:ALT异常率为47％,HBeAg血清转换率为15.8％,HBV YMDD变异发生率为25％,肝组织中HBsAg和HBcAg依然阳性。结论:运用拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎6个月后可出现HBV YMDD变异,随着治疗时间延长,其变异发生率越高;该药远期降酶作用不够理想;HBeAg血清转换率不高;肝组织内仍处于炎症状态。     

阿德福韦酯治疗YMDD变异的乙型肝炎肝硬化患者近期疗效观察

乙型肝炎(乙肝)肝硬化为晚期肝病,拉米夫定治疗期间发生乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)耐药可致病情反弹.阿德福韦酯能有效地抑制HBV-DNA复制,而且对拉米夫定耐药变异株也有明显的抑制作用[1].我院使用阿德福韦酯治疗YMDD变异的乙肝肝硬化取得了一定的近期疗效,现报道如下.     

慢性乙型肝炎患者拉米夫定治疗24周时YMDD变异对疗效的影响

目的 使用基因芯片方法检测乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)YMDD变异的发生情况,研究YMDD变异发生与肝功能损伤和HBV复制水平指标之间的关系。方法 120例以常规剂量(100mg/d)口服拉米夫定的慢性乙型肝炎患者,治疗前和治疗第24周抽取血清检测丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、HBV DNA(定量)水平,对24周HBV DNA阳性的17例患者血清样本,以基因芯片方法检测其治疗前和治疗24周时血清中YMDD变异是否存在,并分析该变异发生和ALT、HBV DNA的关系。结果 (1)120例入选患者治疗24周时有17例患者HBV DNA仍为阳性,除外治疗前已存在的1例感染变异病毒,基因芯片共检出7例变异,变异率为5.8％。其中纯变异2例,YIDD变异1例,YVDD变异1例,混合变异5例,其中YMDD/YVDD变异3例,YVDD/YMDD变异2例。(2)变异组在治疗前和治疗24周时ALT定量水平与非变异组相比,差异无显著性,P>0.05。(3)变异组在治疗前和治疗24周时HBV DNA定量水平与非变异组相比,差异无显著性,P>0.05。结论 在拉米夫定治疗过程中,YMDD基因变异发生对肝脏炎症活动度和病毒复制的抑制作用无显著影响。     

拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎患者3年疗效观察

目的初步探讨LAM长期治疗HBeAg阳性和HBeAg阴性的两组慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者生化学、病毒学指标的变化及临床转归的差异。方法对63例诊断为CHB的患者均给予拉米夫定100mg,每日一次,进行3年的随访观察,动态检测患者的HBV血清标志物,HBV DNA,ALT、AFP、YMDD变异、B超等指标。结果拉米夫定治疗HBeAg阳性和HBeAg阴性的CHB患者3年时,HBeAg阳性组ALT复常率、HBV DNA阴转率、肝细胞癌发生率及HBsAg阴转率分别为64.7%、64.7%、0%、0%;HBeAg阴性组ALT复常率、HBV DNA阴转率、肝细胞癌发生率及HBsAg阴转率分别为70.4%、77.8%、0%、0%。两组间ALT复常率、HBV DNA阴转率、肝细胞癌发生率及HBsAg阴转率两组差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);HBeAg阳性组YMDD变异率(43.3%)显著高于HBeAg阴性组(18.2%),x2=4.720,P0.05;HBeAg阴性组肝硬化患者(37.0%)显著高于HBeAg阳性组(5.9%),x2=3.866,P0.05。结论拉米夫定治疗HBeAg阳性CHB患者较HBeAg阴性患者更容易发生YMDD变异,HBeAg阴性CHB患者较HBeAg阳性患者更易发生肝硬化。     

A 7‐year study of lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B virus e antigen‐positive chronic hepatitis B patients in China

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long‐term efficacy and safety of lamivudine treatment for chronic hepatitis B and the impact of emergence of YMDD mutation of hepatitis B virus (HBV). METHODS: A total of 429 patients with serum HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV DNA positive were randomized to receive either lamivudine 100 mg daily or a placebo in a 3:1 ratio for the first 12 weeks. Thereafter, all patients were administered with lamivudine 100 mg/d for 5 years and followed up for 2 years. RESULTS: After 12 weeks of the lamivudine treatment, serum HBV DNA levels decreased rapidly and HBV DNA negativity (<1.6 pg/mL) was 92.2%, whereas it was only 14.1% (P < 0.01) in the placebo group. At the end of 5 years, serum HBV DNA continued to be substantially suppressed. The loss of HBeAg and seroconversion were significantly correlated with baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, in patients with baseline ALT > 2 × upper limits of normal, the loss of HBeAg was 54% and seroconversion rate was 50%, respectively. YMDD mutation developed in 70.8% of the patients at years 5. In YMDD mutant patients, HBV DNA levels were increased moderately and with mild to moderate elevations of ALT. ALT flares (ALT > 5ULN) occurred in 22 patients, 16 with YMDD variants and six with non‐variants. One year durability of seroconversion after stopping lamivudine was 80%. CONCLUSION: Lamivudine is effective and tolerable for chronic hepatitis B.     

Extended lamivudine treatment in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The histological and clinical outcome of lamivudine 100mg/day was assessed in 76 HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients previously randomised to a double-blind comparison study of lamivudine and placebo. METHODS: Paired liver biopsies were available before 1 year of randomised lamivudine treatment and after 2 years of further open-label treatment for 48 patients. Serum samples were analysed for hepatitis B markers and ALT levels (n=74). RESULTS: The histological activity index improved, remained unchanged and worsened in 64, 32 and 5%, respectively, for patients without YMDD-variant HBV compared to 15, 54 and 31% with the variant. None of the 42/48 patients without cirrhosis at baseline progressed to cirrhosis. Of 24/48 patients without bridging fibrosis at pre-treatment, 83% (20/24) did not progress to bridging fibrosis. Median HBV DNA remained below the lower limit of detection and ALT < or =1 times the ULN for patients without the variant whereas levels gradually increased to 11.3Meq/ml (bDNA assay) and 2 times the upper limit of normal by month 24 for patients with variant. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical benefit of lamivudine is greatest for patients without YMDD variants over 2 years of extended treatment. Additional therapies should be considered for patients with YMDD variants.     

Extended lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B enhances hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion rates: results after 3 years of therapy

A study in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B showed that treatment with lamivudine for 1 year significantly improves liver histology and enhances hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion compared with placebo. Fifty-eight patients from this 1-year study have received long-term treatment with lamivudine 100 mg; the outcome of 3 years of lamivudine is reported here. Before treatment, all patients had detectable HBeAg. HBeAg seroconversion (HBeAg-negative, anti-HBe-positive), hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA suppression, alanine transaminase (ALT) normalization, emergence of YMDD variant HBV, liver histology, and long-term safety were assessed. After 3 years of continuous treatment with lamivudine 100 mg daily, 40% (23 of 58) of patients achieved HBeAg seroconversion. In patients with baseline serum ALT >2 x upper limit of normal (ULN), the rate of HBeAg seroconversion was 65% (17 of 26). Median serum HBV-DNA concentrations were below the level of detection, and median ALT concentrations were within the normal range throughout 3 years of treatment. YMDD variant HBV emerged in 33 of 58 (57%) patients during the 3 years, of whom 9 (27%) achieved HBeAg seroconversion (6 after emergence of YMDD variant HBV). ALT levels and histologic scores after emergence of YMDD variant HBV did not show major deterioration. Lamivudine was well tolerated during 3 years of therapy. In conclusion, these data in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B show enhanced seroconversion rates with extended lamivudine treatment. Up to two thirds of patients with moderately elevated pretreatment ALT achieved HBeAg seroconversion after 3 years of therapy.     

Lamivudine vs lamivudine and interferon combination treatment of HBeAg(-) chronic hepatitis B

To determine whether combination treatment of HBeAg(-) chronic hepatitis B is beneficial we studied 78 patients with HBeAg(-), HBV DNA-positive chronic hepatitis B who were randomized to lamivudine, 100 mg, qd, for 12 months or lamivudine-interferon (9 MU, t.i.w.) in combination. In the combination arm, 2 months of lamivudine treatment preceded 10 months of combination treatment. Biochemical, virologic and histologic responses were assessed at the end of treatment, after six and a median 27 months of drug-free follow-up (short- and long-term follow-up, respectively). Virologic response was defined as undetectable HBV DNA with a hybridization assay and biochemical response as normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Change in HBV DNA was also assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Presence of YMDD mutants at the end of treatment was investigated with a line probe assay. Both treatment regimes led to a median 2 log decline in HBV DNA levels. Virologic end of treatment responses were 90 and 92% with mono- and combination treatment, respectively. Corresponding virologic responses at short- and long-term follow-up were 59 and 54%, and 27 and 25%, respectively. Patients having a baseline HBV DNA value > or =200 pg/mL were more likely to relapse within 6 months off therapy than those patients with a baseline HBV DNA level <200 pg/mL (P = 0.041). YMDD mutants were observed in 53% of patients receiving lamivudine compared with 24% of patients receiving the combination regime (P = 0.017). In conclusion, efficacy of combination treatment is similar to lamivudine monotherapy. However, combination treatment decreases the development of YMDD mutant strains compared with lamivudine monotherapy.     

拉米夫定相关性HBV变异对乙型肝炎预后的影响

目的 进一步探讨拉米夫定相关性ＨＢＶ变异对患者临床经过的影响。方法 将接受拉米夫定治疗１００ｍｇ／ｄ的８２例患者在第１０４周按其发生变异程序分为完全变异、部分变异和无变异３组,分别进行肝功能和血清学指标比较。结果 在第１０４周,Ｆ和Ｍ组无１例ＨＢｃＡｇ阴国专,而Ｎ组有１８例ＨＢｅＡｇ阴转 ,１１例ｃＡｇ／抗－ＨＢｅ血清转换;拉米夫定相关性ＨＢＶ变异发生后ＡＬＴ可增高,完全变异组Ｈ ＢＶＤＮＡ水平明     

拉米夫定与α干扰素联合治疗慢性乙型肝炎

目的 观察拉米夫定(LAM)联合干扰素α1b(IFNα1b)治疗慢性乙型肝炎的近期疗效和安全性。方法 HBV DNA和HBeAg均阳性的90例慢性乙型肝炎患者，按1：1：1的比例进入三个不同的治疗组。联合治疗组：用IFNα1b 5MU，隔日肌肉注射，及口服LAM 100mg／d，共6个月，随后单用口服LAM 100mg／d6个月；LAM组：口服LAM 100mg／d共12月：IFN组：IFN α1b 5MU，隔日肌肉注射，共6个月。结果 治疗结束时，HBV DNA转阴率，联合治疗组为90．0％，LAM组为80％，IFN组为46．7％。丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)复常率，联合治疗组为90．0％，LAM组为80．0％，IFN组为53．3％。HBeAg／抗HBe血清转换率，联合治疗组为46．7％，LAM组为13．3％，IFN组为33．3％。联合治疗组患者治疗结束时无一例检测到YMDD变异。结论 联合治疗组对HBV DNA抑制作用及ALT复常率高于单用干扰素组，与单用拉米夫定组接近。HBeAg／抗HBe血清转换率高于拉米夫定组，与单用干扰素组相近。初步显示联合治疗组发生YMDD变异较少。     

YMDD变异后HBeAg(+)患者病情进展及处理的临床研究

目的研究经拉米夫定(LAM)治疗出现YMDD变异且HBeAg( )的慢性乙型肝炎患者病情的进展及预后;观察阿德福韦酯(ADV)的临床疗效。方法将60例患者随机分为两组,治疗组采用ADV与LAM联合治疗12周,后单用ADV治疗36周;对照组继续LAM并加强护肝治疗48周。结果YMDD变异后大部分患者HBVDNA的反弹和/或ALT的升高程度低于治疗前水平,少数出现轻度黄疸,临床表现轻微;两组治疗48周后ALT水平下降均显著,ADV组比对照组ALT水平、ALT复常率、HBV DNA转阴率差异显著(P≤0.001);结论ADV治疗YMDD变异,可获得较好的临床疗效。     

HBeAg阳性和阴性慢性乙型肝炎患者YMDD的变异

目的研究YMDD变异在HBeAg阳性和HBeAg阴性乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染者中发生的情况.方法对我科接受拉米夫定治疗的247例慢性乙型肝炎患者进行定期随访,检测肝功能和HBV病毒学指标,利用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）检测YMDD变异,利用实时定量PCR检测HBV DNA定量以及利用Abbott试剂检测HBV标志物,对比分析HBeAg阳性和HBeAg阴性患者中YMDD变异的发生情况.结果247例患者中共有42例出现YMDD变异,YMDD变异的累积发生率随着时间的延长逐年增加.与治疗前HBeAg阴性患者相比,治疗前HBeAg阳性患者YMDD变异的发生率明显高于治疗前HBeAg阴性患者.结论HBeAg阳性患者YMDD变异年累积发生率高于HBeAg阴性患者.     

Adefovir dipivoxil added to ongoing lamivudine in chronic hepatitis B with YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Prolonged lamivudine therapy is associated with treatment-resistant YMDD mutant hepatitis B virus (HBV). We evaluated the efficacy and safety of adding adefovir dipivoxil to lamivudine in 135 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and YMDD mutant HBV. METHODS: Ninety-five patients with compensated CHB (group A) were randomized to adefovir 10 mg daily (n = 46) or placebo (n = 49) for 52 weeks while continuing treatment with lamivudine. Forty patients with decompensated hepatitis B or post-liver transplantation (group B) received adefovir and lamivudine. The primary end point was a decline in serum HBV DNA level to 10(5) copies/mL or a >2 log(10) reduction from baseline at weeks 48 and 52. RESULTS: HBV DNA response occurred in 85% of patients (39 of 46) in group A given combined therapy versus 11% (5 of 46) receiving lamivudine alone (P < 0.001), with a significant change in HBV DNA level from baseline (P < 0.001) between treatment groups (median, -4.6 vs. +0.3 log(10) copies/mL, respectively). Normalization of alanine aminotransferase levels occurred in 31% of patients (14 of 45) receiving combined therapy versus 6% (3 of 48) receiving lamivudine alone (P = 0.002). Ninety-two percent of patients (36 of 39) in group B had an HBV DNA response (median change of -4.6 log(10) copies/mL) and improved liver chemistries (P < or = 0.001). Both treatment regimens were well tolerated, and renal function abnormalities were not observed in either group. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of adefovir dipivoxil to lamivudine in patients with CHB with compensated or decompensated liver disease due to YMDD mutant HBV is associated with virologic and biochemical improvement during 52 weeks of treatment and is well tolerated.