夫妻梅毒检测不一致的孕妇梅毒感染情况

目的了解丈夫梅毒检测阴性的孕妇梅毒感染的情况,提高对孕前梅毒筛查重要性的认识。方法对在北京佑安医院皮肤感染门诊就诊的、梅毒血清抗体检测为阳性的孕妇,同时应用快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验（RPR）检测,并对其丈夫进行同期梅毒检测,筛选出夫妻梅毒抗体检测不一致的标本,孕妇梅毒抗体阳性者用蛋白印迹试验（WB）进行确认。结果共有109对夫妻梅毒检测不一致的标本,在孕妇梅毒抗体均为阳性时,其爱人梅毒抗体均为阴性。以RPR滴度分级,RPR滴度〉1：8的62例（56．88％）,〈1：8及阴性的47例（43．12％）,最终经蛋白印迹试验（WB）确认,109名孕妇梅毒抗体均为阳性。结论当孕妇孕前筛查梅毒时,对孕妇的梅毒血清学初筛,推广用梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验与RPR联合检测,强调孕前梅毒检查的重要性及必要性。     

从业人员健康体检血清中梅毒抗体检测结果分析

人感染梅毒后，体内能产生两种抗体，一类是针对梅毒螺旋体产生的特异性抗体，即抗梅毒螺旋体抗体（IgG和IgM），另一类是具有抗体性质的反应素。为了解健康人群的感染情况，就健康从业人员的血清进行梅毒的初筛（快速血浆反应素试验，RPR）和确证实验（梅毒螺旋体明胶凝集试验，TPPA），并对初筛阳性血清滴度与确证实验结果的关系进行分析和探讨。     

梅毒螺旋体IgM抗体检测在梅毒诊断中的意义

目的探讨检测血清梅毒螺旋体IgM抗体在梅毒诊断中的临床意义。方法北京佑安医院性病门诊就诊者中已确诊为不同临床分期梅毒患者207例,治疗前采用免疫印迹法(TP-IgM-WB)检测血清中的IgM抗体同时进行快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验(RPR)。患者规范治疗后,每3个月复查1次,1年后每半年复查1次,随访两年。首次RPR检测阴性时,再次进行梅毒螺旋体IgM抗体检测。结果 207例确诊梅毒患者未进行规范治疗前,IgM抗体阳性率和RPR阳性率分别为74.88%、72.95%。各期梅毒患者中TP-IgM-WB及RPR阳性率分别为,一期梅毒86.79%、60.38%;二期梅毒74.11%、83.93%;三期梅毒25.00%、50.00%;隐性梅毒65.79%、60.53%。两种方法相比一期梅毒TP-IgM-WB敏感性比RPR高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。符合规范治疗经随访至两年血清学治愈159例样本中,IgM抗体检测出4例阳性,其中一期梅毒中1例、二期梅毒1例、隐性梅毒2例,经FTA-abs-IgM验证后4例均为阳性。结论梅毒螺旋体IgM抗体在梅毒早期诊断中灵敏度高于RPR。在梅毒患者临床血清治愈判断中,除了RPR试验外,建议加入梅毒螺旋体IgM抗体作为检测指标。     

未经治疗梅毒患者脑脊液检测的意义

目的　观察艾滋病病毒 (HIV)阴性、未经治疗、且无神经损害临床表现的梅毒患者的脑脊液常规及梅毒抗体的检测情况 ,并探讨这些指标的诊断意义。方法　对 36例未经治疗且无神经系统临床表现的梅毒 (其中二期16例 ,隐性 2 0例 )患者脑脊液进行脑脊液常规、梅毒暗视野检查、聚合酶链反应 (PCR)及脑脊液梅毒抗体试验、梅毒血清快速反应素试验 [(RPR)、IgM、梅毒参比试验 (VDRL)、荧光密螺旋体抗体 (TPPA)、梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验 (FTA Abs) ]检测。结果　在所检测的 36例梅毒患者脑脊液中 ,常规检测发现 2 4例 (6 6 6 7% )蛋白升高 ,11例 (30 6 % )葡萄糖升高 ,未发现红细胞和白细胞 ;有 19例 (5 2 78% )梅毒患者脑脊液存在≥ 1种梅毒抗体。其中 6例 (16 7% )VDRL阳性 ,13例 (36 39% )FTA Abs阳性 ,14例 (38 33% )TPHA阳性 ,RPR、IgM、TP PCR及梅毒暗视野检查均阴性 ;二期和隐性梅毒各项指标检测结果之间差异无显著的统计学意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ;而脑脊液VDRL、FTA Abs、TPPA三种检测结果之间差异有显著的统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　未经治疗的梅毒患者其脑脊液存在异常 ,这些异常的结果表明部分未经治疗的梅毒患者存在无症状神经梅毒。     

酶联免疫吸附试验检测梅毒患者血清中抗苍白螺旋体IgM抗体

目的评价抗苍白螺旋体IgM抗体检测对梅毒的临床意义.方法用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对72例梅毒患者检测了特异性IgM抗体,并与快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验(RPR)、梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)的检测结果进行比较分析.结果血清抗苍白螺旋体IgM抗体在一期梅毒的阳性率为73.3%(11/15),在二期梅毒的阳性率为88.9%(16/18),二者差异无显著的统计学意义(χ2＝1.6363,P＞0.10).在潜伏梅毒,IgM抗体阳性率为26.1%(6/23),非常显著地低于早期显性梅毒(χ2＝17.6189,P＜0.005).在一期、二期和潜伏梅毒,RPR和TPPA的阳性率均为100%.入组前2～24个月已经正规抗梅治疗的梅毒16例,其中IgM抗体阳性2例.结论 ELISA法检测特异性IgM抗体诊断一期梅毒并不优于RPR和TPPA.IgM抗体在潜伏梅毒敏感性低,其诊断应依靠RPR和TPPA.目前不推荐单独检测抗梅毒IgM抗体来监测病情和判断疗效.抗苍白螺旋体IgM抗体的临床意义有待更深入的研究.     

不同阶段梅毒患者检测结果的比较

目的了解梅毒螺旋体IgM抗体及快速血浆反应素(RPR)试验滴度之间的关系及意义,分析其在性病门诊中对各期梅毒检测的意义。方法对在医院门诊确诊的182例各期梅毒患者,同时进行荧光梅毒螺旋体抗体吸收试验(FTA-ABS-IgM)和RPR滴度的检测,比较两种方法检测的意义。结果检测的182例梅毒患者,其中一期梅毒患者IgM阳性率46.67%(14/30),RPR阳性率73.33%(22/30);二期梅毒患者IgM阳性率30.61%(15/49),RPR阳性率81.63%(40/49);隐性梅毒IgM阳性率2.91%(3/103),RPR阳性率61.17%(63/103)。结论RPR和特异性梅毒抗体IgM检测各有其优缺点,两种方法联合检测对防止梅毒的误诊、漏诊具有重要意义。     

结缔组织病患者快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验阳性的临床价值

目的 探讨快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验（RPR）阳性对结缔组织病（CTD）患者的临床诊断和治疗的指导价值。方法 回顾性分析2004年12月-2007年2月在北京协和医院诊断明确、资料完整的15例RPR阳性CTD住院病例，所有患者均进行了梅毒确证试验；从流行病学资料、临床表现、实验室检查和治疗方案上进行分析。结果（1）15例CTD患者，梅毒确证试验阳性7例（阳性率46．7％），RPR假阳性8例（假阳性率53．3％）。（2）RPR假阳性患者中6例为系统性红斑狼疮（SLE），其中3例合并抗磷脂综合征（APS）。（3）7例CTD并发梅毒的患者中，有典型临床表现者4例，有典型流行病学史者2例，5例予以抗梅毒螺旋体治疗。结论 C139患者存在RPR假阳性并不少见，但仍有相当大比例的患者合并梅毒螺旋体感染。对所有RPR阳性患者，应行梅毒确证试验，对疑似梅毒临床表现和有流行病学史的患者．应予抗梅毒治疗。     

87例神经梅毒患者临床及实验室特征分析

目的分析87例神经梅毒患者的临床及实验室特征。方法回顾性总结分析87例HIV阴性的神经梅毒患者发病年龄、临床症状、脑脊液检查(包括脑脊液白细胞计数、蛋白定量)、快速血浆反应素环状卡片试验(rapid plasma reagent test, RPR)、梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验(treponema pallidum particle assay, TPPA)、梅毒荧光抗体吸收试验(fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test, FTA-ABS)等资料。结果 87例神经梅毒患者中有症状神经梅毒患者54例(62.1%),其中眼部受损者最多见;无症状患者33例(37.9%)。87例患者中脑脊液白细胞异常率为82.8%,脑脊液蛋白异常率为44.8%,脑脊液RPR的异常率为44.8%,脑脊液TPPA阳性率为80.5%,脑脊液FTA-ABS IgG抗体阳性率为87.4%、IgM抗体阳性率为3.4%。有症状患者与无症状患者脑脊液RPR、白细胞计数和蛋白定量,差异均无统计学意义(P均 0.05)。有症状患者脑脊液FTA-ABS IgG抗体阳性率为94.4%,Ig M抗体阳性率为3.7%。结论有症状神经梅毒患者中眼部受损者多见,临床医生对有眼部损害的梅毒患者须警惕神经梅毒的可能。神经梅毒患者中脑脊液RPR检测阳性率较低,脑脊液RPR在诊断神经梅毒中的作用仍需要大样本研究进一步证实。有症状神经梅毒患者脑脊液FTA-ABS抗体阴性不能排除神经梅毒。     

螺旋体传染病

梅毒螺旋体检测方法的临床评价——李振荣等（北京北京大学第三医院检验科100083）；《北京医学》2007，29（8）：497—498[目的：探讨三种血清梅毒螺旋体检测方法的应用价值。方法：应用快速血浆反应素试验（RPR）、酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）、梅毒螺旋体明胶凝集试验（TPPA）分别检测602份标本，其中6l例确诊为梅毒感染。荧光定量PCR（FQ-PCR）方法对RPR阳性标本进行检测。     

境外人群梅毒血清学检测结果分析

目的 对潜伏期梅毒的外籍人群进行监测，以防止性传播疾病的蔓延。方法 应用快速血浆素反应试验、苍白螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验和酶联免疫吸附实验方法。结果 2000年度上海口岸应用血清学方法对出入的境外人群8583人次进行梅毒监测，发现阳性者39例，感染率为0．454％，并对其中的20例，用EIA方法检测了梅毒特异性抗体IgG和IgM，4例IgG^ 和IgM^ ,16例IgM^-和IgG^ 。结论 根据检测到的IgG和IgM抗体结果，应对早期潜伏期梅毒和晚期潜伏期梅毒，分别采取不同的卫生检疫措施。     

Association of biologic false-positive reactions for syphilis with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

The prevalence of biologic false-positive (BFP) reactions for syphilis (reactive rapid plasma reagin [RPR] test, nonreactive fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption [FTA-ABS] test) among patients attending two sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics was evaluated to assess relationships between BFP reactions and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Among 4863 patients, 357 (7.3%) had serologic evidence of syphilis and 4.9% had HIV infection. Only 40 patients (0.8% of total patients, 11% of those with reactive RPR tests) had BFP serologic tests for syphilis. There were no demographic differences between true syphilis and BFP patients as to sex, age, or intravenous drug use. BFP patients tended to have lower RPR titers (less than or equal to 1:4) than did true syphilis patients. After excluding 317 patients with reactive FTA-ABS tests, BFP RPR tests were seen in 6 (4%) of 159 HIV-seropositive patients and 34 (0.8%) of 4387 HIV-seronegative patients (odds ratio, 5.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.9-12.7). Although more common among HIV-infected than HIV-uninfected patients, BFP reactions are relatively rare among STD clinic patients, and 89% of patients with reactive RPR or VDRL serologic tests for syphilis had current or prior syphilis infection. The RPR test remains useful for guiding decisions regarding therapy for syphilis.     

The use of Western blotting as the confirmatory test for syphilis in patients with rheumatic disease.

OBJECTIVE: As a direct or indirect result of antiphospholipid antibody production, subjective laboratory interpretation, and false positive results, the common serologic tests for syphilis have been inherently inaccurate diagnostic tests in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of syphilis testing in patients with SLE and other autoimmune diseases using the treponemal Western blot (TWB) as the gold standard. METHODS: A prospective cohort study carried out at a tertiary care medical center. We studied 107 patients with autoimmune disease, 50 with at least one positive serologic test for syphilis and 57 disease matched controls. Prior to enrollment all eligible patients underwent a clinical assessment performed by at least 2 rheumatologists to confirm a diagnosis of rheumatic disease. All subjects underwent serologic testing, in blinded fashion, for syphilis using the rapid plasma reagin test (RPR), Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test (VDRL), fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS), and the TWB. RESULTS: Eighty-seven percent of the patients studied were female, the mean age was 46.5 years, and the most common diagnosis at the time of enrollment was SLE. Using the TWB as the gold standard diagnostic test for syphilis, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values for each syphilis test were calculated. The sensitivity and specificity for the RPR in patients with rheumatic disease was 62.5% (95% confidence interval 24.5 to 91.5%) and 91.9% (95% CI 84.2 to 96.2%), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for the VDRL were 37.5% (95% CI 8.5 to 75.5%) and 89.9% (95% CI 81.8 to 94.8%), respectively. Confirmatory syphilis testing using the FTA-ABS showed a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 68.6 to 100%) and a specificity of 67.7% (95% CI 57.4 to 76.5%). Eight patients tested positive for syphilis by Western blotting. For the FTA-ABS test, there was a significantly higher number of false positive results (n = 32) compared to false negative results (n = 0), p < 0.0005. CONCLUSION: The FTA-ABS is not an accurate confirmatory test for syphilis in patients with SLE and other autoimmune diseases. While a negative FTA-ABS may exclude syphilis infection in the majority of cases, a positive FTA-ABS test result cannot assuredly confirm syphilis infection in this population. Western blotting is an accurate confirmatory test for syphilis and may be necessary to unequivocally discern the immunological response of syphilis from that of an underlying autoimmune disease.     

Cost effectiveness of enzyme immunoassay and immunoblot testing for the diagnosis of syphilis

The burden of disease and associated health-care costs of syphilis are significant despite widespread screening and treatment. Our objective was to conduct an economic evaluation using a simulation model when comparing enzyme immunoassay (EIA) initial testing and Inno-Lia (IL) confirmatory testing (EIA + IL) with rapid plasma reagin (RPR) initial testing and Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA) and fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption assay (FTA-ABS) confirmatory testing (RPR + TPPA/FTA). Estimates of prevalence, test costs and utilization of services for 2006 were derived from Alberta databases. Estimates of test characteristics were derived from the available literature. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was Canadian $461 per additional correct diagnosis (less costly and more effective). EIA + IL is cost-effective when compared with RPR + TPPA/FTA for screening and diagnosis of syphilis.     

Adequately Treated Remote Syphilis<br />Does Not Augment<br />CNS HIV-1 Expression

Objective: The co-occurence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and syphilis may accelerate the course of both infections. We investigated whether remote syphilis infection augmented the activation of central nervous system (CNS) HIV infection and increased the frequency of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities. Methods: The subjects consist of HIV seropositive men who had CSF as part of prospective neurological studies performed at the Johns Hopkins University. Prior syphilis infection was determined by measuring serum FTA-ABS. All subjects had received adequate treatment for syphilis with negative RPR's or RPR's ≤ 1:8 and completed a full neurological examination and underwent lumbar punctures for analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. A range of CSF tests were performed including HIV culture, p24 antigen, β₂ microglobulin (β2M) and CSF/albumin ratios. Results: The FTA positive group was significantly older (p = .005), more advanced in HIV clinical staging (p = .04), had more minor neurological symptoms (p = .03), and was more likely to be on antiretroviral therapy (p = .03). No differences between FTA positive and FTA negative groups were observed either in the frequency of CFS anbormalities or the mean CSF values. Conclusions: Based on these findings, it appears that adequately treated remote syphilis does not augment HIV-1 expression within the CNS.     

北京市石景山区暗娼和嫖客人群艾滋病相关知识和危险行为

目的了解石景山区暗娼（CSW）和嫖客人群艾滋病相关知识、危险行为以及艾滋病感染状况,为有针对性地开展干预工作提供依据。方法采用标准化问卷,匿名收集2010—2011年石景山区拘留所收押的暗娼和嫖客人群的信息,包括一般人口学特征、艾滋病相关知识知晓情况及艾滋病相关高危行为等,同时采集5mL静脉血检测艾滋病病毒（HIV）和梅毒皿清抗体。结果197名暗娼中检出1例HIV抗体阳性者,182名嫖客中未检出HIV抗体阳性者。暗娼梅毒抗体及梅毒快速血浆反应素（RPR）试验阳性率分别为8．1％和4．6％;嫖客梅毒抗体及梅毒RPR试验阳性率分别为6．6％和3．8％,暗娼和嫖客人群HIV和梅毒感染水平差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。暗娼和嫖客人群艾滋病知识知晓率分别为84．3％和89．0％,二者差异无统计学意义（x^2=1．831,P=0．176）。暗娼和嫖客自报最后一次商业性行为安全套使用率分别为83．2％和84．1％,二者差异无统计学意义（x^2=0．046,P=0．830）。暗娼最近一年接受过艾滋病干预服务的比例为45．7％,高于嫖客的22．5％（x^2=2．431,P=0．000）。暗娼最近一年做过HIV抗体检测的比例为35％,高于嫖客的11．5％（x^2=28．820,P=0．000）。结论暗娼和嫖客人群HIV感染较低,梅毒感染相对较高,传播风险不容忽视;今后应有针对性地开展艾滋病预防干预服务,扩大暗娼和嫖客人群的HIV抗体检测覆盖面。     

梅毒血清复发患者脑脊液IFN-γ等指标检测结果分析

目的探讨梅毒血清复发与神经梅毒之间的关系,同时从细胞免疫学角度对梅毒血清复发的发生机制进行研究。方法对20例符合梅毒血清复发诊断的患者行腰穿抽取脑脊液,进行常规、生化、血浆快速反应素试验（RPR）及梅毒螺旋体明胶凝集试验（TPPA）检测;采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验（ABC-ELISA）分别检测血清复发组、RPR阴转组（20例）和正常人群组（20例）血清中γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）的含量,以及血清复发组脑脊液中IFN-γ的含量。结果在20例血清复发患者中,有5例神经梅毒（25.0%）。血清复发组患者血清IFN-γ水平明显低于正常对照组、RPR阴转组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01,P〈0.01）。结论神经系统受累可能是梅毒血清复发的原因之一;梅毒血清复发患者的细胞免疫功能受到抑制。     

综合医院住院病人HIV及梅毒感染状况

目的探讨住院病人艾滋病病毒（HIV）及梅毒感染状况。方法对广西民族医院2007年1月-2011年12月的住院病人,采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）进行HIV、梅毒抗体筛查,并对HIV抗体阳性反应病例进一步做蛋白免疫印迹试验（WB）确认;梅毒-ELISA阳性者采用甲苯胺红不加热血清试验（TRUST）检测抗体滴度。结果 31 562例住院病人中,HIV检出率为1.36%（429例）,其中20～40岁年龄段占79.95%。HIV感染者分布于医院的20个科室,内科占65.27%,外科占29.60%,其他科室占5.13%。梅毒抗体检出率为1.29%,其中潜伏梅毒占58.62%,〉50岁年龄段占52.09%;290例梅毒病人广泛分布于全院各个科室。结论综合医院的HIV和梅毒病人增加,应加强对住院病人的HIV、梅毒抗体检测,及早发现HIV/感染者和梅毒病人及潜伏梅毒,以便确诊并进行及时治疗,防止进一步传播。     

171例梅毒血清学检测阳性及追踪结果分析

目的:研究不同检测方法对梅毒血清学检测的影响,找出最好的筛查方法,减少因输血引起的梅毒传染,协助梅毒诊断。方法:171例分为3组,TP-ELISA及TRUST试验均为阳性的为第1组,仅TP-ELISA阳性的为第2组;仅TRUST阳性的为第3组。对第2、3组3个月后再进行TP-ELISA及TRUST复查,观察有无梅毒血清学变化。结果:171例其中TP-ELISA首次确认阳性163例,TRUST首次确认阳性167例,两者同时阳性159例,TP-ELISA阴性,而TRUST阳性的8例(4.6%);TRUST阴性,而TP-ELISA阳性4例(2.3%);血清学检测有显著性差异(χ2=46 134.421 1,χ23.84,P0.05);8例TRUST阳性者3个月后有2例TP-ELISA阳性,血清学检查差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.25,χ23.84,P0.05)。结论:部分学者认为的TP-ELISA检测优于RPR、TRUST实验不科学,梅毒检测的最佳方案应为一次TP-ELISA和一次梅毒非特异性抗体检测。