蜂胶水提物预处理对血管内皮细胞的保护作用

目的观察蜂胶水提物对损伤血管内皮细胞的保护作用,探讨蜂胶抗动脉粥样硬化的作用及其机制。方法用50 μg/L TNF-α诱导体外培养脐静脉内皮细胞损伤,用50、100、200 mg/L蜂胶水提物分别干预6、12、24 h,分为对照组、模型组、蜂胶低浓度组、蜂胶中浓度组、蜂胶高浓度组、氟伐他汀钠组、联合组,采用流式细胞仪检测细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)和血管细胞黏附分子1(VCAM-1)的表达。结果与对照组比较,模型组ICAM-1和VCAM-1表达明显升高;与模型组比较,蜂胶低浓度组、蜂胶中浓度组和蜂胶高浓度组ICAM-1和VCAM-1明显降低(P0.01)。12 h时与氟伐他汀钠组比较,联合组ICAM-1和VCAM-1表达明显降低(P0.01)。结论蜂胶水提物能降低ICAM-1和VCAM-1的表达。与氟伐他汀钠联合应用,对血管内皮细胞损伤有协同保护作用。     

血管生成素1通过NF-κB传导通路影响内皮祖细胞炎症反应中黏附分子的表达

目的探讨血管生成素1(Ang-1)影响内皮祖细胞(EPC)炎症反应中黏附分子表达的主要信号传导通路。方法以慢病毒为载体将Ang-1导入EPC中,采用肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)诱导内皮祖细胞炎症,使用特异性抑制剂PDTC抑制NF-κB,通过荧光定量PCR、ELISA检测各组(空白对照组、TNF-α组、Ang-1组、PDTC组、Ang-1+PDTC组)细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)、血管细胞黏附分子1(VCAM-1)的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果与TNF-α组相比,Ang-1组、PDTC组及Ang-1+PDTC组ICAM-1、VCAM-1的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均明显下调(P<0.05),三组间无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论血管生成素1通过NF-κB传导通路抑制EPC炎症反应中ICAM-1、VCAM-1的表达。     

阿魏酸通过抑制核因子κB信号途径降低肿瘤坏死因子α诱导的人血管内皮细胞氧化应激及黏附分子表达

目的 通过检测人脐静脉内皮细胞的氧化应激、细胞黏附分子和炎症相关信号分子表达,探讨阿魏酸在肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)诱导的血管内皮损伤中的保护作用和机制.方法 以人脐静脉内皮细胞为研究模型,给予阿魏酸预处理,在基础或者TNF-α刺激条件下,蛋白质免疫印记法检测细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)、血管细胞黏附分子1(VCAM-1)表达和炎症相关细胞信号分子;MTT法检测内皮细胞活性;Hoechst 33342细胞核染色检测细胞凋亡比率;以DHE染色检测氧自由基(ROS)生成;单核细胞和血管内皮细胞黏附实验检测血管内皮细胞的黏附功能;以蛋白质免疫印记法和细胞免疫荧光实验检测核因子κB(NF-κB)的活化.结果 TNF-α可以明显增加血管内皮细胞氧自由基生成及ICAM-1和VCAM-1的表达,并且可以明显激活NF-κB,促进其核转位.阿魏酸可以明显抑制TNF-α诱导的血管内皮细胞氧自由基生成及ICAM-1和VCAM-1表达升高,抑制NF-κB活化和核转位.结论 阿魏酸可以通过抑制NF-κB信号途径减轻TNF-α导致的血管内皮细胞氧自由基增高、黏附分子表达,抑制炎性因子导致的细胞损伤.     

血管紧张素(1-7)对CD40及CD40配体信号通路及活化黏附分子的抑制作用

目的观察血管紧张素1-7[Ang-(1-7)]对血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞中细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)和血管细胞黏附分子1(VCAM-1)表达的影响及作用机制是否与CD40及CD40配体(CD40L)通路有关。方法人脐静脉内皮细胞培养后,分6组:对照组;AngⅡ组;低、中和高剂量组[Ang-(1-7)10、100和1000nmol/L预处理];阻断剂组(A-779预处理)。用RT-PCR法检测ICAM-1、VCAM-1和CD40、CD40L mRNA表达。结果与对照组比较,AngⅡ组ICAM-1、VCAM-1和CD40、CD40L mRNA表达显著升高(P0.05);与AngⅡ组比较,低、中和高剂量组ICAM-1、VCAM-1和CD40、CD40L mRNA的表达逐渐下降(P0.05),其中ICAM-1、VCAM-1mRNA表达分别下降25%、58%、69%和30%、53%、62%;CD40、CD40L mRNA表达分别下降35%、48%、61%和26%、54%、68%;阻断剂组与AngⅡ组上述指标比较无显著差异(P0.05)。结论 Ang-(1-7)可以抑制炎症通路CD40/CD40L活化,进而下调黏附分子ICAM-1、VCAM-1的表达;Ang-(1-7)的抗炎机制是首先与Mas受体结合,进而发挥抑制CD40/CD40L通路的作用。     

二苯乙烯苷对同型半胱氨酸诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞MCP-1、ICAM-1和VCAM-1表达的影响

目的 观察何首乌二苯乙烯苷对同型半胱氨酸诱导培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞株单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)、细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)和血管细胞黏附分子1(VCAM-1) mRNA表达的影响.方法 在人脐静脉内皮细胞的培养基中加入不同浓度的二苯乙烯苷处理2h再加入3.0 mmol/L同型半胱氨酸作用36 h.Hoechst33342核染色检测细胞核损伤;以RT-qPCR检测不同浓度二苯乙烯苷处理对同型半胱氨酸诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞MCP-1、ICAM-1及VCAM-1 mRNA表达的影响.结果 10 μmol/L浓度以内,二苯乙烯苷预孵育呈浓度依赖性降低3.0 mmol/L同型半胱氨酸所致人脐静脉内皮细胞核损伤加重,抑制同型半胱氨酸所致MCP-1、ICAM-1及VCAM-1 mRNA的表达升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 二苯乙烯苷具有明显抑制同型半胱氨酸所致人脐静脉内皮细胞MCP-1、ICAM-1、VCAM-1 mRNA表达增加的作用.     

老年颈动脉硬化患者血清黏附分子的研究

目的 研究老年患者血清内皮细胞黏附分子(ICAM-1)、血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)、E选择素和P选择素等黏附分子水平与颈动脉硬化的关系.方法 收集176例老年颈动脉硬化患者,采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清ICAM-1、VCAM-1、E选择素和P选择素水平;对患者作颈动脉超声检查并按动脉硬化的程度分组,比较不同程度颈动脉硬化患者血清黏附分子水平变化.结果 颈动脉增厚和颈动脉斑块组患者血清ICAM-1、VCAM-1、E选择素和P水平均显著高于对照组,颈动脉斑块组血清ICAM-1和P选择素水平均较颈动脉增厚组显著升高(P＜0.05).颈动脉硬化程度与血清黏附分子水平呈显著正相关(P＜0.05).结论 老年患者外周血中黏附分子水平在一定程度上反映患者的颈动脉硬化程度.     

TNF-α与IL-1β对胃癌腹膜间皮细胞黏附分子mRNA表达的影响

目的探讨TNF-α与IL-1β对胃癌腹膜间皮细胞黏附分子mRNA表达的影响。方法以体外原代培养腹膜间皮细胞作为研究对象,分为对照组与处理组。处理组经不同浓度TNF-α与IL-1β处理后与胃癌细胞共培养,对照组中则以PBS代替TNF-α或IL-1β。经流式细胞仪检测细胞间黏附率,采用Real-time法检测腹膜间皮细胞中CD44、ICAM-1、VCAM-1 mRNA及胃腺癌细胞株中ICAM-1配体的表达情况。结果随着TNF-α与IL-1β处理浓度的不断增加,人腹膜间皮细胞黏附分子ICAM-1、VCAM-1及CD44 mRNA表达水平逐渐升高,各炎症因子处理组与对照组相比,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);人胃腺癌细胞株AGS、SGC-7901、MKN-45中的黏附分子LFA-1、CD44与VLA-4 mRNA均呈阳性表达。结论炎症因子TNF-α与IL-1β通过提高人腹膜间皮细胞黏附分子ICAM-1、VCAM-1及CD44 mRNA的表达水平促进胃癌细胞与腹膜间皮细胞之间相互黏附,在胃癌细胞腹腔种植转移中发挥促进作用。     

TGF-β1/Smad3参与调节氧化型低密度脂蛋白刺激的内皮细胞炎症蛋白表达

目的探讨转化生长因子β1/Smad(TGF-β1/Smad)信号通路参与氧化型低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)刺激的人脐静脉内皮细胞血管细胞黏附分子1(VCAM-1)和细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)表达的分子机制。方法体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞,加入ox-LDL(0.1 g/L)刺激细胞,用Western blot检测TGF-β1、Smad3磷酸化、VCAM-1和ICAM-1的表达。结果 ox-LDL明显增加人脐静脉内皮细胞VCAM-1和ICAM-1的表达(P<0.05)。ox-LDL激活人脐静脉内皮细胞TGF-β1/Smad信号通路,TGF-β1表达明显增加,Smad3磷酸化明显增强。细胞核提取物分析表明,磷酸化的Smad3在细胞核表达增加。特异性Smad3磷酸化抑制剂SIS3以浓度依赖方式抑制ox-LDL刺激的Smad3磷酸化(P<0.05),且VCAM-1和ICAM-1的表达增加(P<0.05)。结论 TGF-β1/Smad信号通路参与调节氧化型低密度脂蛋白刺激的内皮细胞炎症蛋白表达,抑制Smad3磷酸化反而增加炎症蛋白表达,提示TGF-β1/Smad3通道活化具有抑制ox-LDL刺激的内皮细胞炎症蛋白表达的影响。     

胰高血糖素样肽1受体激动剂对高糖诱导的血管内皮细胞NF-κB、ICAM-1和VCAM-1表达的影响

目的观察胰高血糖素样肽1受体激动剂艾塞那肽对高糖诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞核因子κB(NF-κB)活性及细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)、血管细胞黏附分子1(VCAM-1)表达的影响,探讨胰高血糖素样肽1受体激动剂降糖外对改善糖尿病患者血管内皮损伤的作用及其可能的机制。方法体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞,以不同浓度艾塞那肽和高糖共同孵育48 h,应用酶联免疫吸附法检测细胞培养上清液中ICAM-1和VCAM-1浓度,应用逆转录聚合酶链反应测定NF-κB p65、ICAM-1和VCAM-1的mRNA表达。结果与正常对照组比较,高糖组NF-κB p65、ICAM-1和VCAM-1的表达显著升高(P<0.01)。艾塞那肽干预后,NF-κB p65、ICAM-1及VCAM-1的表达较高糖组显著降低(P<0.01),并呈剂量依赖性。结论艾塞那肽可能通过抑制高糖环境下NF-κB活性影响其下游黏附分子ICAM-1和VCAM-1的高表达,由此稳定血管内皮环境,减轻高糖引起的内皮细胞损伤,有助于延缓糖尿病动脉粥样硬化病程。     

坎地沙坦对TNF-α诱导脐静脉内皮细胞ICAM-1和VCAM-1表达的影响

目的探讨坎地沙坦对肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)诱导的脐静脉内皮细胞细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)和血管细胞黏附分子-1(VCAM-1)的影响及其机制。方法常规培养脐静脉内皮细胞,用Real-time PCR和ELISA法检测ICAM-1和VCAM-1的表达,实验Westernblot检测p38和p-p38的表达。结果与对照组比较,TNFα明显升高ICAM-1和VCAM-1mRNA和蛋白及p-p38的表达(P0.05)。与TNF-α组比较,坎地沙坦可降低ICAM-1和VCAM-1mRNA和蛋白的表达及p-p38表达(P0.05)。结论坎地沙坦可抑制p38 MAPK通路的磷酸化,减少黏附分子ICAM-1和VCAM-1的表达,减轻炎症反应,延缓动脉粥样硬化的病程。     

咽部吞咽的生理解剖学与吞咽障碍的失代偿

0引言吞咽是维持人体生存的重要功能活动.每人每天均必须进行无数次吞咽.对吞咽障碍(deglutitiondisoders,DD)进行有效的预防、诊断和治疗必须了解咽部有关的解剖和功能.1吞咽的生理解剖学“吞咽”不仅指口腔内食团(包括液、固体食物、药物和唾液等)在咽部的通过,而应将之定义为是在构成吞咽通道的唇、舌、腭、咽、喉、食管等各器官肌肉、神经的密切协同下,将吞咽物顺利、安全地运送至胃的全过程[1].食物在口腔内经过咀嚼、搅拌,由唾液润湿,变成食团,然后被吞咽经咽和食管入胃.咀嚼的作用是把大块食物分成小块,并经舌肌、颊肌、颌肌等的搅…     

妊娠时间与肺结核复发的相关性研究及诊治对策

目的 分析肺结核史患者妊娠时间和肺结核复发间相关性.方法 选取我院收治的有肺结核史的妊娠妇女576例作为研究对象,对其妊娠前肺结核治疗、治愈后妊娠时间、妊娠后复发肺结核等进行分析,总结有肺结核史育龄女性的妊娠时间和肺结核复发之间的关系.结果 肺结核治愈后不同时间段妊娠者的结核复发率比较,差异具有显著性（P＜0.05）,停药后间隔时间越久妊娠,肺结核复发的几率越小.结论 加强孕期痰菌检查,及早发现复发肺结核,提高母婴安全.     

Preparation and separation of the glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of thyroxine and triiodothyronine

An enzymatic method for synthesis of labelled thyroxine glucuronide (T4G) and triiodothyronine glucuronide (T3G) from labelled thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) is presented. The synthetic glucuronides are completely digested by beta-glucuronidase, with recovery of the parent T4 or T3. They have distinctive elution patterns on HPLC and on Sephadex G25 chromatography, and can be clearly separated from T4 and T3 as well as from synthetic T4 sulfate (T4S) and T3 sulfate (T3S). On LH 20 chromatography, elution of T4G and T3G is intermediate between that of T4 and T3 and that of T4S and T3S. T3G can be well separated from other thyronines by HPLC alone, but T4G coelutes with rT3 on HPLC; these are then separated by adding a Sephadex G25 chromatography step. Biosynthetic 131I-T3G and 125I-T4G from the bile of a cat given 131I-T3 and 125I-T4 had similar HPLC chromatographic patterns to those of synthetic T3G and T4G. That the identified peaks from analysis of the bile were indeed T3G and T4G was confirmed by recovery of the parent T3 and T4 after beta-glucuronidase digestion.     

我国骨关节结核诊治的回顾与展望

骨关节结核是危害人们健康的严重感染性疾病,近95％由他处结核病继发而来.罹患骨关节结核疾病后几乎均将致残,严重影响人们的健康、工作和生活.建国以来在党和国家的关心和支持下,骨关节结核的诊治水平取得了长足进步.时至今日,由于多种原因,学科发展和被重视程度受到一定的制约,同整个医疗行业的发展不相适应.回顾过去,展望未来,我们需要重新审视骨关节结核的诊治方法,努力推进骨关节结核诊疗技术的科学发展.     

血管通路的评价、选择及并发症防治

随着终末期肾衰竭患者的逐年增多，用于维持性血液透析患者的费用支出也逐年增加，其中相当比例的资金用于血管通路的建立及相关并发症的处理。据Lysaght估计，2001年全球维持性透析患者超过110万人，并以每年7％的速度增长，到2010年将达到200万人，今后10年医疗费用将超过1万亿美元。美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)估计，每年因血管通路建立和相     

Kinetics and persistence of cardiovascular and locomotor effects of immobilization stress and influence of ACTH treatment

Stress triggers crucial responses, including elevated blood pressure and heart rate (HR), to handle the emergency and restore homeostasis. However, continuation of these effects following cessation of the stress is implicated with many stress-related disorders. Here, we examine the kinetics and persistence of cardiovascular and locomotor responses to single and repeated immobilization stress (IMO), with and without prior treatment with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Radiotelemetry probes were implanted into male Sprague-Dawley rats to continually monitor mean arterial pressure (MAP), HR and locomotor activity. Rats were subjected to IMO for 2 h daily (10 a.m. to noon, 6 consecutive days). The first IMO induced the greatest change in MAP (about 30 mm Hg) and HR (about 200 bpm). Following each IMO, MAP and HR were elevated during the remaining light phase and in the subsequent dark phase, HR was lower than prior to IMO. We further examined whether elevation of ACTH to a level similar to IMO will elicit similar effects, and if it will alter subsequent responses to IMO. Injection of ACTH (13 IU/kg, s.c.) triggered a short-lived rise in MAP, and decreased HR. After six daily injections of ACTH and recovery time (8 days), rats were immobilized as above. The cardiovascular responses were similar during the IMO, but the ACTH-pretreated group displayed differences following cessation of the IMO. In addition, IMO led to a large reduction of locomotor activity during the dark (normally active) phase to levels similar to the light phase. Following the IMOs, locomotor activity recovered more slowly in the ACTH-pretreated group. The study revealed that IMO-triggered cardiovascular and locomotor responses are evident after termination of the stress. In addition, prior exposure to ACTH delayed recovery in cardiovascular and locomotor functions following cessation of stress.     

Effect of phosphorylation of MAPK and Stat3 and expression of c-fas and c-jun proteins on hepatocarcinogenesis and their clinical significance

AIM To study the effect of phosphorylation ofMAPK and Stat3 and the expression of c-fos andc-jun proteins on hepatocellular carcinogenesisand their clinical significance.METHODS SP immunohistochemistry was usedto detect the expression of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3,c-fos and c-jun proteins in 55 hepatocellularcarcinomas (HCC) and their surrounding livertissues.RESULTS The positive rates and expressionlevels of p42/44MAPK, p-Stat3, c-fos and c-junproteins in HCCs were significantly higher thanthose in pericarcinomatous liver tissues (PCLT).A positive correlation was observed between theexpression of p42/44MAPK and c-fos proteins, andbetween p-Stat3 and c-jun, but there was nosignificant correlation between p42/44MAPK and p-Stat3 in HCCs and their surrounding livertissues.CONCLUSION The abnormalities of Ras/Rat/MAPK and JAKs/ Stat3 cascade reaction maycontribute to malignant transformation ofhepatocytes. Hepatocytes which are positive forp42/ 44MAPK, c-fos or c-jun proteins may bepotential malignant pre-cancerous cells.Activation of MAPK and Stat3 proteins may be anearly event in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.