不同转移潜能人肝癌细胞系转录因子活性差异分析

目的分析不同转移潜能人肝癌细胞系细胞核内转录因子活性的差异，筛选与肝癌转移相关的转录因子。方法应用转录因子活性芯片技术，在功能水平分析三种不同转移潜能人肝癌细胞系（Hep3B、MHCC97L和MHCC97H）细胞核内转录因子活性的差异，并用电泳迁移率变动分析和蛋白免疫印迹实验验证芯片结果。结果在345个候选的转录因子中，筛选出7个活性差异转录因子。随人肝癌细胞转移潜能的增高（Hep3B〈MHCC97L〈MHCC97H），活性上调的转录因子有5个，包括p53、缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）、核因子κb、信号传导及转录活化因子3（Stat3）和Sp1；活性下调的转录因子有2个，包括Rb和Smad3。结论转录因子活性异常与肝癌转移密切相关，本实验筛选出的转录因子可能有助于揭示肝癌转移的分子机制，并寻找新的预测指标及干预治疗的靶点。     

膜-细胞骨架联接分子ezrin对肝癌细胞系生长和侵袭能力的影响

目的探讨膜-细胞骨架联接蛋白ezrin在肝细胞肝癌生长和转移过程中的作用。方法分别应用免疫荧光、逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT—PCR）和Western blot检测ezrin和骨架蛋白在不同转移潜能肝癌细胞系中的表达。选取高转移潜能SF7721（SMMC-7721经转基因后稳定表达肝细胞生长因子，从而获得高转移潜能的细胞系）和MHCC97-H细胞系为研究对象。通过RNA干扰技术下调SF7721和MHCC97-H细胞系中ezrin蛋白的表达，观察其运动和侵袭能力的变化：通过四甲基偶氮唑盐检测细胞增殖能力变化；电子显微镜观察细胞伪足；Transwell检测细胞的运动侵袭能力。结果免疫荧光显示ezrin和骨架蛋白表达于细胞质，且双色荧光证实两者存在共表达，高转移潜能细胞系SF7721。MHCC—I、MHCC97-Hezrin和骨架蛋白的表达明显高于低转移潜能细胞系SMMC-7721、Hep3B、HepG2细胞（x^2=13．277，P=0．010；x^2=21．815，P〈0．01）。D-肌动蛋白在高低转移潜能细胞系的表达差异无统计学意义。通过RNA干扰技术抑制ezrin蛋白表达后。SF7721和MHHC97-H的细胞的增殖和侵袭能力均显著下降。结论ezrin和骨架蛋白的过表达与肝癌的转移潜能相关，通过下调ezrin的表达可明显抑制肝癌细胞系SMMC-7721和MHCC97-H细胞的增殖和运动侵袭能力。     

人肝癌细胞转移相关蛋白膜联蛋白Ⅱ的筛查与分析

目的应用糖组学方法筛查肝癌转移相关的异常核心岩藻糖基化蛋白,分析膜联蛋白Ⅱ（annexinⅡ）与肝癌细胞转移的关系。方法双向电泳（2-DE）、凝集素亲和印迹及沉淀联合质谱筛查并验证肝癌转移相关核心岩藻糖基化蛋白；实时荧光定量PCR、细胞免疫荧光和Western blot测定annexinⅡ基因和蛋白表达。结果不同转移潜能人肝癌细胞有核心岩藻糖基化蛋白差异表达,鉴定并验证annexinⅡ岩藻糖基化与肝癌转移相关；它分布于细胞质,在MHCC97-L和MHCC97-H中基因和蛋白质表达较Hep3B高。结论AnnexinⅡ转录、翻译水平和核心岩藻糖基化增加可能与肝癌转移潜能相关。     

肝癌转移相关的骨桥蛋白表达及其糖基化的改变

目的 检测骨桥蛋白(OPN)在不同转移潜能肝癌细胞株及肝癌组织中的蛋白表达水平及其糖基化水平,探讨OPN糖基化改变与肝癌转移的相关性及其意义. 方法 用免疫组织化学和Western blot法检测人肝癌组织(非转移组6例、转移组7例)及不同转移潜能人肝癌细胞株(L02、Hep3B、MHCC97L、MHCC97H、HCCLM3、HCCLM6)中OPN蛋白水平;采用免疫沉淀技术纯化肝癌组织中的OPN蛋白,并采用多重凝集素印迹技术检测转移与非转移肝癌组织中OPN糖基化水平差异.数据统计采用t检验和方差分析.结果 OPN在不同转移潜能肝癌细胞株的表达差异具有统计学意义(F=5.04,P＜0.01).在肝癌组织中,转移组OPN蛋白表达水平明显高于非转移组(t=2.447,P＜0.05),相对吸光度值分别为0.69±0.21和0.45±0.14.免疫沉淀技术成功纯化肝癌组织中的OPN蛋白,后续的凝集素印迹结果显示:与非转移组相比,转移组OPN蛋白对凝集素朝鲜槐、红腰果E型、蔓陀罗、刀豆素A的亲和力较低(P值均＜0.05).结论 OPN蛋白表达水平与肝癌转移潜能增强呈正相关;OPN蛋白的α2,3-唾液酸、平分型GlcNAc、多天线、偏二天线的糖链、高甘露糖型N-糖等糖基化水平改变可能与肝癌转移潜能增高有关.     

黏附分子CD44的表达及其糖基化与肝癌转移的相关性

目的 探讨CD44S及其变异体CD44v分子的表达和其糖基化与肝癌细胞侵袭转移的关系. 方法 用免疫组织化学法、量子点、RT-PCR、Western blot、细胞免疫荧光染色、甲基化特异性聚合酶链反应等技术检测转移与非转移性肝癌组织、不同转移潜能人肝癌细胞株中CD44S及其变异体CD44v的定位与表达;并应用多重凝集素印迹法检测这些细胞株中CD44v6的糖基化差异.组间均数比较应用方差分析及t检验,多组间等级资料的比较采用Wilcoxon秩和检验,各组间率的比较采用x2检验.结果 免疫组织化学结果显示,CD44S蛋白定位以细胞质为主; CD44v3、CD44v4/5蛋白定位于细胞膜与细胞质;而CD44v6主要定位于细胞膜.组织芯片结果显示,相对于CD44S及其他CD44v,CD44v6在转移组的表达水平高于非转移组(阳性率为75％与46％),差异具有统计学意义(x2=8.828,P＜0.05);量子点检测(t=2.392,P＜0.05)与血清学检测(t=2.56,P＜0.05)也证实这一结果.Western blot结果显示,CD44v6的表达与肝癌细胞转移潜能呈正相关.此外,在MHCC97L、MHCC97H肝癌细胞中CD44v6基因启动子发生不完全甲基化,而在Hep3B细胞中则发生完全甲基化.而且,相对于Hep3B细胞,MHCC97L及MHCC97H细胞中CD44v6蛋白对朝鲜槐凝集素、黑接骨木凝集素及麦胚凝激素的亲和力较高. 结论 在CD44S及其变异体CD44v中,CD44v6蛋白的高表达与肝癌转移潜能的增强呈正相关;其高表达可能与基因启动子低甲基化有关.此外,CD44v6蛋白唾液酸寡糖链的增加可能与肝癌细胞转移潜能增高有关.     

不同转移潜能肝癌细胞株的差异蛋白质组的二维液相色谱分析

目的:对不同转移潜能肝癌细胞株MHCC97- H(高转移)和MHCC97-L(低转移)差异表达的蛋白质进行二维液相色谱分离和MALDI-TOF质谱鉴定.方法:将肝癌细胞株MHCC97-H和MHCC97- L细胞裂解样品按蛋白质PI进行一维的色谱聚焦分离,然后每个PI组分再按疏水性经二维反相无孔硅胶HPLC分离,利用ProteoVue软件将UV光吸收图谱转换成PI对疏水性的胶图,再利用DeltaVue软件比较升高或降低的差异蛋白.收集差异蛋白峰进行胰酶酶解,然后进行MALDI-TOF质谱鉴定.结果:2D图谱显示共有72个差异蛋白条带,共鉴定出了9个差异蛋白.分别为M2型丙酮酸激酶、ATP合成酶α亚单位、热休克蛋白60、Toll样受体9、含黄素单加氧酶、钙网硬蛋白前体、锰超氧化物岐化酶、nm23-H1、G-蛋白偶连受体激酶5;其中4个蛋白在高转移细胞株MHCC97-H中表达升高,5个蛋白在低转移细胞株MHCC97-L表达升高.结论:这些差异蛋白可能在肝癌的转移中起关键作用.     

DLC-1基因表达与肝细胞癌复发转移的关系

目的已报道人类染色体8p缺失可能与肝癌转移有关,本文应用实时定量聚合酶链反应(RQ- PCR)研究位于8p的DLC-1基因mRNA表达与肝细胞癌侵袭转移的关系。方法收集51例复旦大学中山医院外科手术切除的肝细胞癌(HCC)及癌旁正常组织标本,根据临床病理学指标,分为高低侵袭性两组,用RQ-PCR对不同侵袭性HCC之间的DLC-1基因表达进行分析。对不同侵袭转移潜能MHCC97-L、MHCC97-H、HCCLM3、Hep3B及HepG2肝癌细胞系用同样方法分析DLC-1基因的表达差异。结果非转移细胞系Hep3B和HepG2与转移细胞系MHCC97-L、MHCC97-H和HCCLM3之间DLC—1基因表达差异有统计学意义(P相似文献   

Coronin-1 C蛋白表达与肝癌侵袭和转移相关

目的 采用膜蛋白质组学技术筛选与原发性肝癌侵袭和转移相关的分子,并加以验证.方法 以不同转移潜能的人肝癌细胞HCCLM9和MHCC97L为研究对象,采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和电喷雾串联质谱技术比较和鉴定差异表达的膜蛋白,进一步行Westernblot、动物模型标本和临床标本验证. 结果电喷雾串联质谱鉴定表达差异条带中蛋白质14个,其中Western blot验证coronin-1 C在人肝癌细胞HCCLM9中灰度值coronin-1 C/整合素α3比值为7.31±0.73,在MHCC97L中为2.84±0.99.coronin-1C在HCCLM9细胞中的表达水平显著性升高(t=6.27,P<0.05).在裸鼠肝癌组织中免疫组织化学提示coronin-1C表达也明显升高.115例临床病理标本免疫组织化学显示,coronin 1C表达越强,肿瘤的侵袭程度越强、临床病期越晚.结论 Coronin-1C与肝癌的侵袭和转移相关.     

不同转移潜能肝癌细胞株血管内皮生长因子及其受体的表达和意义

目的 探讨血管内皮生长因子受体-1(VEGFR-1)在不同转移潜能肝癌细胞株中的表达及其意义.方法 应用半定量RT-PCR、酶联免疫吸附试验和(或)Western blot检测4株不同转移潜能的肝癌细胞株及一株正常肝细胞中VEGFR-1、VEGF-A、VEGF-B及VEGFR-2的mRNA和(或)蛋白质表达.结果 MHCC97-H、MHCC97-L和SMMC-7721细胞均有VEGFR-1 mRNA和蛋白质表达,且VEGFR-1 mRNA和蛋白质在MHCC97-H中的表达高于MHCC97-L、SMMC-7721的表达,两者比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而其配体VEG-A和VEGF-B在检测的4种肝癌细胞株和正常肝细胞株L-02中均有表达.同时在检测的四种肝癌细胞株和正常肝细胞株L-02中均能检测到VEGFR-2 mRNA和蛋白质表达,但各组间表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 具有转移潜能的肝癌细胞株有VEGFR-1表达,而且其表达强弱与肝癌细胞株的转移潜能呈正相关,VEGFR-1的表达可能促进了肝细胞癌的侵袭转移.     

不同转移潜能人肝癌细胞株趋化因子受体谱差异表达

目的对比观察不同转移潜能人肝癌细胞株趋化因子受体谱差异性表达。方法Pre- mier软件设计18对趋化因子受体引物,RT-PCR分析SMMC-7721、MHCC97-L、MHCC97-H和HCCLM6细胞侵袭转移潜能逐渐增强的人肝癌细胞株趋化因子受体谱。结果4组不同转移潜能细胞株趋化因子受体表达谱存在明显差异（P＜0．01）,其中CCR10、CXCR4、CXCR6表达随转移潜能增加逐渐降低。HCCLM6表达谱中CCR3、CCR4、CCR10、CCR12及XCR1比SMMC-7721表达明显降低甚至缺失（P＜0．01）,而CXCR1（P=0．006）、CXCR5（P=0．003）表达高于低转移潜能组SMMC-7721。MHCC97-H和MHCC97-L比较,除CXCR2、CXCR6、XCR1外差异均有统计学意义,其中CCR1（P=0．002）、CCR2（P=0．004）、CCR5（P=0．046）表达高于MHCC97- L。CXCR4在模板减量时只能在SMMC-7721组检测到。结论高低转移潜能肝癌细胞株趋化因子受体表达在mRNA水平存在差异性表达,与肝癌细胞株差异性转移潜能相关。     

Differential proteomic analysis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line metastasis-associated proteins

PURPOSE: The comparative study of differentially expression of protein profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines with various metastasic potential and screening key molecules related to hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis and recurrence. METHODS: Using two-dimensional electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), we analyzed differentially displayed proteomics of human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines Hep3B, MHCC97L, MHCC97H with different metastasic potential. RESULTS: Approximate 1,000 protein spots were detected on silver-stained gel by ImageMaster (977+/-113 spots in Hep3B, 1092+/-40 in MHCC97L, and 889+/-14 in MHCC97H). Fifty distinct different protein spots were analyzed with online LC-ESI-MS/MS. Only 26 protein spots had a positive result, including annexin1, S100A4, and so on. In comparison with nonmetastasis Hep3B cell lines, there were 16 proteins overexpressed in MHCC97H and MHCC97L, 10 proteins underexpressed in MHCC97H and MHCC97L. Applying cell immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, we further validated two interesting and different proteins, annexin1 and S100A4. CONCLUSION: The protein profile of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines displayed obvious differences compared with non-metastatic liver cancer cell lines. The results imply that various different proteins may lead to HCC metastasis together.     

Op18：一个潜在的肝癌诊断标志物

目的探讨人原癌基因蛋白18（Op18）在肝癌细胞和组织中的表达及临床意义。方法应用RT-PCR、Western blot和免疫组化染色法检测常见肝癌细胞和88对配对肝癌组织及癌旁组织中Op18的表达。结果 Hep3B、SMMC-7721、MHCC97L、MHCC97H、HCCLM3和HCCLM6等常见肝癌细胞株中均见Op18表达;配对肝癌及癌旁组织中,RT-PCR发现肝癌组织中Op18阳性率达68.75%（11/16）,Western blot发现Op18的阳性率为56.25%（9/16）,免疫组化检测发现肝癌组织中Op18的阳性率为65.28%（47/72）,P〈0.05;Op18的表达与肿瘤大小数目、临床分化、门脉侵犯和TMN分期相关（P〈0.05）。结论 Op18可能是一个潜在的肝癌诊断标志物。     

腺病毒介导MDA-7/IL-24选择性促进肝癌细胞的凋亡和增殖阻滞

目的 观察MDA-7／IL-24基因对不同p53状态人肝癌细胞HepG2、MHCC97L以及Hep3B和正常的肝细胞L02的选择性杀伤作用，为肝癌的基因治疗提供理论基础。方法 将携带人MDA-7／IL-24基因的腺病毒Ad．mda-7感染人正常肝细胞L02和不同p53状态的肝癌细胞HepG2，MHCC97L、Hep3B。通过逆转录聚合酶链反应方法观察MDA7／IL24基因的表达，酶联免疫吸附法检测细胞培养上清液中MDA-7／IL-24蛋白的浓度，通过四甲基偶氮唑盐染色法及Hoechst染色观察MDA-7／IL-24对肝癌细胞的生长抑制和杀伤作用，Annexin-V和碘化丙啶双染后流式细胞仪检测细胞的凋亡，应用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期。结果 复制缺陷型腺病毒能介导外源基因MDA-7／IL-24在肝癌细胞株HepG2，MHCC97L和Hep3B以及正常细胞L02中高效表达。细胞培养上清液中有MDA-7／IL-24蛋白表达。MDA-7／IL-24能明显抑制各种肝癌细胞的生长，Hoechst染色提示MDA-7／IL-24促进肝癌细胞的凋亡，流式细胞仪提示MDA-7能选择性杀伤肝癌细胞而对正常的肝细胞无影响，细胞周期分析提示MDA-7／IL-24阻滞肝癌细胞在G2／M期，同时对正常的肝细胞没有促凋亡作用和增殖阻滞作用。结论 复制缺陷型重组腺病毒载体Ad．mda-7能介导MDA-7／IL-24基因在人肝癌细胞中高效表达，选择性地杀伤肝癌细胞HepG2、MHCC97L和Hep3B，促进细胞增殖阻滞及诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡而与肿瘤细胞的P53基因的状态无关，同时对正常的肝细胞L02无任何毒性作用。     

c-Met represents a potential therapeutic target for personalized treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma

c-Met, a high-affinity receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), plays a critical role in cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with an active HGF/c-Met signaling pathway have a significantly worse prognosis. Although targeting the HGF/c-Met pathway has been proposed for the treatment of multiple cancers, the effect of c-Met inhibition in HCC remains unclear. The human HCC cell lines Huh7, Hep3B, MHCC97-L, and MHCC97-H were used in this study to investigate the effect of c-Met inhibition using the small molecule selective c-Met tyrosine kinase inhibitor PHA665752. MHCC97-L and MHCC97-H cells demonstrate a mesenchymal phenotype with decreased expression of E-cadherin and increased expression of c-Met, fibronectin, and Zeb2 compared with Huh7 and Hep3B cells, which have an epithelial phenotype. PHA665752 treatment blocked phosphorylation of c-Met and downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase/Erk pathways, inhibited cell proliferation, and induced apoptosis in c-Met-positive MHCC97-L and MHCC97-H cells. In xenograft models, administration of PHA665752 significantly inhibited c-Met-positive MHCC97-L and MHCC97-H tumor growth, and PHA665752-treated tumors demonstrated marked reduction of both c-Met phosphorylation and cell proliferation. c-Met-negative Huh7 and Hep3B cells were not affected by c-Met inhibitor treatment in vitro or in vivo. In addition, c-Met-positive MHCC97-L and MHCC97-H cells demonstrated cancer stem cell-like characteristics, such as resistance to chemotherapy, tumor sphere formation, and increased expression of CD44 and ABCG2, and PHA665752 treatment suppressed tumor sphere formation and inhibited CD44 expression. Conclusion: c-Met represents a potential target of personalized treatment for HCC with an active HGF/c-Met pathway.     

A decade’s studies on metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Metastasis remains one of the major challenges before hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is finally conquered. This paper summarized a decades studies on HCC metastasis at the Liver Cancer Institute of Fudan University. We have established a stepwise metastatic human HCC model system, which included a metastatic HCC model in nude mice (LCI-D20), a HCC cell line with high metastatic potential (MHCC97), a relatively low metastatic potential cell clone (MHCC97L) and several stepwise high metastatic potential cell clones (MHCC97H, HCCLM3, and HCCLM6) from their parent MHCC97 cell. Endeavors have been made for searching human HCC metastasis-related chromosomes/proteins/genes. Monogene-based studies revealed that HCC invasion/metastasis was similar to that of other solid tumors, and the biological characteristics of small HCC were only slightly better than that of large HCC. Using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), genotyping, cDNA microarray, and 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we obtained some interesting results. In particular, in collaboration with the National Institute of Health (NIH) in the United States, we generated a molecular signature that can classify metastatic HCC patients, identified osteopontin as a lead gene in the signature, and found that genes favoring metastasis progression were initiated in the primary tumors. We also found that chromosome 8p deletion, particularly in the region of 8p23, was associated with HCC metastasis. Cytokeratin 19 was identified as one of the proteins, which was found in MHCC97H, but not in MHCC97L cells. Experimental interventions using the high metastatic nude mice model have provided clues for the prevention of HCC metastasis. Translation from workbench to bedside demonstrated that serum VEGF, microvessel density, and p53 scoring may be of value for the prediction of postoperative metastatic recurrence. Interferon alpha proved effective for the prevention of recurrence both experimentally and clinically. In conclusion, HCC metastasis that probably initiated in the primary tumor is a multigene-involved, multistep, and changing process. The further elucidation of the mechanism underlying HCC metastasis will provide a more solid basis for the prediction and prevention of the metastatic recurrence of HCC.