辛伐他汀逆转左室肥厚的作用与抑癌基因PTEN表达的关系

目的观察辛伐他汀逆转自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)左心室肥厚(LVH)的作用及其与抑癌基因-第10号染色体缺失的张力蛋白同源区(PTEN)表达的关系.方法16只雄性8周龄SHR测量体重和收缩压后,随机分为SHR治疗组和SHR对照组,分别给予辛伐他汀和安慰剂灌胃治疗,性别、年龄、数量匹配的Wistar大鼠给予安慰剂治疗作为正常对照组,疗程10周,观察辛伐他汀对大鼠收缩压和左心室重量/体重比值(LVW/BW)的影响,采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)和蛋白免疫印迹法(Westernblot)检测辛伐他汀对心肌组织PTEN表达的影响.结果(1)治疗前两组SHR收缩压无显著差异(P＞0.05),均高于Wistar正常对照组大鼠(P＜0.01);给予辛伐他汀后,SHR治疗组收缩压(217.3±8.5)mmHg较SHR对照组(220.8±9.9)mm Hg略有降低,但无统计学意义(P＞0.05),且两组SHR收缩压仍高于Wistar正常对照组大鼠(126.0±5.8)mm Hg,差异非常显著(P＜0.01).(2)SHR对照组大鼠的LVM/BW(4.10±0.13)mg/g明显高于Wistar正常对照组(3.04±0.12)mg/g,并有统计学意义(P＜0.01),而SHR辛伐他汀治疗组的LVM/BW(3.73±0.08)mg/g较SHR对照组明显下降(P＜0.01).(3)SHR对照组大鼠心肌组织PTEN的mRNA表达水平(0.36±0.04)低于Wistar正常对照组(0.87±0.05),差异非常显著(P＜0.01),SHR治疗组大鼠的PTEN mRNA表达水平(0.60±0.05)较SHR对照组显著升高,并有统计学意义(P＜0.01).(4)Wistar正常对照组、SHR对照组和SHR治疗组大鼠心肌组织PTEN蛋白表达水平分别为50.53±2.92、24.65±3.89和40.32±4.04,其中SHR对照组明显低于Wistar正常对照组(P＜0.01),SHR治疗组则较SHR对照组显著升高(P＜0.01).结论辛伐他汀能够逆转SHR的LVH,其机制可能与PTEN表达水平增加有关.     

依贝沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠左心室肥厚和心肌纤维化的影响

目的探讨依贝沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)左心室肥厚(LVH)和心肌纤维化的影响。方法18只16周龄SHR,随机分为依贝沙坦治疗组(SHR-I)和SHR空白对照组(SHR-C);另设同源的WKY大鼠8只为正常对照组。治疗组口服依贝沙坦50mg.kg-1.d-1给药8周后处死动物,取左心室心肌称重,计算左心室/体重比(LVW/BW),Masson三色法染色观察左心室心肌胶原变化,计算机图象分析测量心肌切片的胶原容积分数(CVF)和血管周围胶原面积(PVCA)。结果SHR空白对照组的收缩压(SBP),LVW/BW,CVF,PVCA均显著高于WKY对照组(P<0.01),与SHR空白对照组相比,依贝沙坦治疗组能有效降低SHR的SBP,改善左心室肥厚(P<0.01)并使左心室内膜及心肌小动脉周围的胶原减少(P<0.01)。结论依贝沙坦可有效降低SHR血压,部分逆转心肌纤维化和左心室肥厚。     

厄贝沙坦对SHR左心室肥厚和心肌纤维化的影响

目的 探讨厄贝沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)左心室肥厚(LVH)和心肌纤维化的影响。方法 16只16周龄雄性SHR,随机分为厄贝沙坦治疗组和SHR空白对照组;另设同源的WKY大鼠8只为正常对照组。治疗组予厄贝沙坦15 mg/（kg·d）灌胃给药,8周后处死动物,测量左心室心肌厚度并称质量,计算左心室质量/体质量比(LVM/BM);通过Van Gieson染色法观察左心室心肌胶原变化,对左心室心肌胶原容积分数(CVF)和血管周围胶原面积(PVCA)进行定性和半定量分析;HE染色光镜观察左心室心肌病理变化。结果 与WKY组相比,SHR对照组的尾动脉收缩压(SBP)、LVM/BM、左心室壁厚度、CVF、PVCA、均显著增高(P<0.01);与SHR对照组相比,厄贝沙坦治疗组能有效降低SHR的SBP,改善LVH(P<0.01),减少心肌间质及心肌小动脉周围的胶原(P<0.01)。结论 厄贝沙坦可有效降低SHR血压,减轻心肌纤维化和LVH。     

福辛普利对SHR左室肥厚和心肌纤维化的影响

目的探讨福辛普利对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)左心室肥厚(LVH)和心肌纤维化的影响。方法18只16周龄SHR大鼠,随机分为福辛普利治疗组(SHR-F)和SHR空白对照组(SHR-C);另设同源的WKY大鼠8只为正常对照组。治疗组口服福辛普利20mg·kg-1·d-1,给药8周后处死动物,取左心室心肌称重,计算左心室/体重比(LVW/BW),Masson三色法染色观察左心室心肌胶原变化,计算机图像分析测量心肌切片的胶原容积分数(CVF)和血管周围胶原面积(PVCA)。结果SHR空白对照组的SBP、LVW/BW、CVF、PVCA均显著高于WKY对照组(P<0.01),与SHR空白对照组相比,福新普利治疗组能有效降低SHR的SBP,改善SHR左心室肥厚(P<0.01〉并使左心室内膜及心肌小动脉周围的胶原减少(P<0.01〉。结论福辛普利可有效降低SHR血压,部分逆转心肌纤维化和左室肥厚。     

基质金属蛋白酶-9在自发性高血压大鼠心室重构的变化及γ-干扰素的干预研究

目的:观察基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)在自发性高血压大鼠心室重构(SHR)的变化及γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)的干预作用。方法:28只SHR(雄性),随机分为4组(每组7只):高剂量组(SHR-H),中剂量组(SHR-M),低剂量组(SHR-L)和SHR对照组(SHR-C);另7只WKY大鼠(雄性),作为阴性对照组(WKY)。SHR-L组,SHR-M组,SHR-H组每日上午分别腹腔注射INF-γ,5万u/kg,10万u/kg,15万u/kg,连续8w。SHR-C组和WKY组每日上午腹腔注射等量的0.9%氯化钠液,连续8w。分别于治疗前,治疗后4w、8w,采用尾袖法测量尾动脉收缩压(SBP),ELISA法检测血清MMP-9含量。实验第8周,处死大鼠,称取左心室质量(LVM),计算左心室质量指数LVMI(LVWI=LVM/BW);光镜下观察HE染色的心肌组织;采用werstern blot法检测心肌组织MMP-9蛋白表达。结果:各SHR组尾动脉收缩压(SBP)、左心室质量、LVMI及MMP-9的血清水平较WKY组明显升高(P<0.0 5)。应用IFN-γ后,治疗组的各指标较SHR-C均显著下降SBP[(189.57±5.06)vs.(201.57±5.74)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133kPa)],LVMI[(2.68±0.08)vs.(2.89±0.08)mg/g],MMP-9[(3.20±0.35)vs.(4.90±0.51)mg/L,P<0.05)];心肌组织MMP-9蛋白明显负调表达[(0.49±0.07)vs.(1.05±0.08),P<0.05]。结论:IFN-γ能抑制心肌组织中MMP-9表达,改善高血压心室重构,可能与抑制心肌的慢性炎症有关。     

肥厚心肌细胞钠通道电流

目的探讨自发高血压大鼠(SHR)肥厚心肌钠通道电流的动态演变规律及与左心室肥厚的关系。方法采用全细胞膜片钳技术记录10、24和34周龄SHR左心室心肌钠通道电流及膜电容,同时测定大鼠动脉收缩压和左心室质量指数,以10周龄Wistar大鼠为对照组。结果(1)SHR的左心室质量指数及膜电容明显大于Wistar大鼠(P<0.01)。在SHR中,各组大鼠的膜电容和左心室质量指数具有明显差别(P<0.01)。(2)10周龄和24周龄SHR肥厚心肌钠通道电流密度与10周龄Wistar大鼠比较无明显变化(P>0.05);34周龄SHR肥厚心肌钠通道电流密度>10周龄Wistar大鼠[(-18.3±1.9)pA/pFvs(-15.3±2.0)pA/pF,P<0.05)。(3)钠通道电流密度与左心室质量指数呈正相关关系(r=0.879,P<0.01)。结论左心室肥厚越明显,钠通道电流密度越升高。     

氯沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠左心室结构改变的实验研究

目的 :探讨氯沙坦 (Los)对自发性高血压大鼠 (SHR)左心室结构的影响。方法 :6周龄Los治疗组 (SHRlos)管饲法给予Los3 0mg kg天。治疗 17周后 ,观察 3组大鼠动脉收缩压 (SBP)、左心室 (LV)壁的厚度、左心室重量 体重 (LVW BW)以及左心室结构的变化 ;血浆放免法测肾素活性和AngⅡ含量。结果 :1 SBP :治疗结束后 ,SHRlos组血压 10 9 15± 11 3 1mmHg( 1mmHg =0 .13 3kPa) ,与对照组 (SHR)血压167 4± 13 0 1mmHg相比明显下降 (P <0 0 1)。 2 SHRlos组的LVW BW、LV壁厚度与SHR组相比明显减少 (P <0 0 1)。SHRlos心肌的超微结构与正常对照组 (WKY)相似。 3 血浆肾素活性在WKY组和SHR组之间无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。SHRlos组肾素活性及AngⅡ水平分别高于SHR组 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1)。结论 :Los能有效地降低SHR的血压 ,具有预防高血压LVH的作用。     

阿托伐他汀对自发性高血压大鼠心肌组织p21表达的影响及其意义

目的:观察阿托伐他汀(ATV)对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)心肌组织中p21表达的影响,探讨其改善心肌肥厚的可能机制。方法:将16只8周龄SHR随机分为2组(n=8):ATV药物干预组(ATV组)与SHR模型对照组(SHR组),并以8只同周龄Wistar-Kyoto大鼠作为正常对照组(WKY组)。ATV组用ATV 50 mg/(kg·d)灌胃,SHR组与WKY组采用等容量蒸馏水每日同时灌胃。每隔2周测1次血压。10周后,观察大鼠血脂、心肌肥厚指标、p21 mRNA及其蛋白表达的改变。结果:干预10周后,ATV组及SHR组血脂、血压无明显差异。ATV组左室质量指数低于SHR组(P<0.01)。ATV组p21mRNA及蛋白的表达明显高于SHR组(P<0.01)。心肌组织p21mRNA的表达与全心质量与体质量比(HW/BW)呈负相关(r=-0.709,P<0.01),与左室质量与体质量比(LVW/BW)呈负相关(r=-0.665,P<0.01)。结论:ATV可上调SHR肥厚心肌组织中p21的表达,可有效改善左室肥厚。     

辛伐他汀对自发性高血压大鼠左心室肥厚作用及心肌转化生长因子-β1表达影响

目的观察辛伐他汀对自发性高血压大鼠左心室肥厚作用及心肌转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)表达的的影响。方法实验用WKY大鼠做阴性对照组,SHR大鼠分为对照组和辛伐他汀治疗组。测量大鼠尾动脉收缩压(SBP)及左心室重量指数(LVMI)。应用HE、VG染色、免疫组织化学的方法,结合计算机图像分析技术,检测心肌细胞的直径(TDM)和面积(CA)、心肌组织胶原体积比例(CVF)、血管周围胶原面积和管腔面积比例(PVCA)以及左心室心肌TGF-β1表达。结果辛伐他汀组未能有效降低血压,但可以降低左心室肥厚;SHR辛伐他汀组与SHR对照组相比TDM、CA、CVF、PVCA明显降低,TGF-β1表达下调明显(均P<0.05)。结论应用辛伐他汀治疗可逆转高血压大鼠左心室肥厚形成,TGF-β1可能与辛伐他汀逆转左心室肥厚的机制有关。     

缬沙坦和螺内酯对自发性高血压大鼠心肌胰岛素样生长因子-1的影响

目的观察自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)和WKY大鼠心肌胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)及其受体(IGF-1R)的表达和缬沙坦与螺内酯对SHR的IGF-1的影响,探讨IGF-1与心肌肥厚的病理机制.方法将18只6周龄SHR随机分成3组,每组6只.其中2组分别灌喂缬沙坦30 mg/kg·d和螺内酯20 mg/kg·d,另一对照组给正常饮水,并与雄性同周龄WKY 6只比较.实验期14周,免疫组化法检测四组大鼠心肌IGF-1及IGF-1R的表达.结果两治疗组血压、LVM/BW均显著低于SHR组(P＜0.01).SHR对照组IGF-1和IGF-1R的表达明显高于WKY组(IGF-1180.4±12.3比97.6±10.1;IGF-1R203.3±14.4比92.4±10.3;P＜0.01),缬沙坦组和螺内酯组的IGF-1和IGF-1R均比SHR对照组下降(IGF-1122.2±14.8比139.8±7.9比180.4±12.3;IGF-1R130.9±11.7比149.9±8.9比203.3±14.4;P＜0.01).而且缬沙坦比螺内酯的作用更为明显(P＜0.05).结论IGF-1及IGF-1R在肥厚心肌中表达明显增加,而缬沙坦和螺内酯在降压的同时可以抑制IGF-1及IGF-1R的表达,结果提示IGF-1和IGf-1R在心肌肥厚发展中起一定作用.     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

CagA-Hp抗体IgG与胃炎的组织学分析

研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染与胃炎的关系。方法对204例慢性胃炎患者胃粘膜进行观察分析,并测定其中137例Hp阳性患者血清CagA-Hp抗体IgG水平,与组织学对照。结果慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生患者血清CagA抗体IgG明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其他类型胃炎患者血清CagA抗体IgG水平无明显增高(P＞0.05)。结论CagA-Hp可能是导致慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生的因素之一,对这类患者应密切随访观察。     

慢阻肺急性加重期患者预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者预后的相关危险因素。方法回顾性调查、收集58例AECOPD患者可能影响其预后的相关因素,并对其分别进行单因素分析。并进行Logistic多元逐步回归进行多因素分析,筛选影响AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素。结果单因素分析后将结果 P0.1的因素纳入多因素Logistic回归,分析发现是否合并呼吸衰竭、气促程度、白细胞计数、APACHEⅡ、应用抗氧化剂、慢阻肺治疗依从性为影响AECOPD患者预后不佳的独立因素(P0.05)。结论根据AECOPD患者预后的独立危险因素,及早判断,选择合适的后续治疗方案,对提高其生存率及生存质量具有重要意义。