单次膝关节腔注射依那西普治疗炎性膝关节炎的随机、单盲、平行、对照临床研究

目的 评价单次膝关节腔内注射依那西普对类风湿关节炎(RA)和脊柱关节病(SpA)所致的膝关节炎的疗效与安全性.方法 随机、单盲、平行、阳性药(复方倍他米松)对照的临床试验.受试者为确诊RA或SpA并伴有至少一侧膝关节肿胀及积液,但X线显示膝关节无变形、无中重度骨破坏及关节间隙明显狭窄,入组前经常规改善病情的抗风湿药(DMARDs)治疗至少6周.受试者按2∶1比例随机分为试验组和对照组,分别予以目标膝关节腔穿刺,吸净关节积液后注射1次依那西普(25 mg)或复方倍他米松(2 ml).注射后第4周随访,评价疗效和不良反应.主要疗效指标为改良(纽约)特种外科医院(HSS)膝关节评分.结果 (1)试验组47例、对照组23例受试者入选本研究.(2)改良HSS膝关节评分试验组基线值为(65.6±14.0)分,治疗4周后为(84.3±11.1)分,治疗前后比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.0001);对照组基线值为(68.2±11.4)分,治疗4周后为(79.4±15.5)分,治疗前后比,差异有统计学意义(P=0.0015);试验组改良HSS膝关节评分改善率为(34.9±38.9)%,对照组为(17.9±24.5)%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.0467).(3)试验组有8例(19.0%)、对照组有8例(44.4%)受试者发生不良事件,有7例次被研究者判断为与使用研究药物有相关性,试验组有2例次(4.8%),分别为注射点轻度疼痛和月经提前;对照组有5例次(27.8%),分别为面部潮红,失眠,耳鸣,头昏、困倦,口干、口苦;2组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.0352).无1例受试者因不良事件而退出试验,未发生结核感染和关节腔内感染,未发生严重不良事件.结论 单次膝关节腔内注射25 ng依那西普对X线改变不明显的炎性膝关节炎是一种有效、安全的治疗选择,其疗效优于2 ml复方倍他米松.     

重组人Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体-抗体融合蛋白对类风湿关节炎患者血清IgM- IgG-和IgA-类风湿因子的影响

目的 观察重组人Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体-抗体融合蛋白(rhTNFR:Fc,商品名益赛普)对类风湿关节炎(RA)患者IgM-类风湿因子(RF),IgG-RF,IgA-RF的影响,探讨rhTNFR:Fc治疗RA的免疫学机制.方法 选择华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院及武汉市中心医院2007-2008年110例RA患者,采用随机数字表法随机分为rhTNFR:Fc组和甲氨蝶呤组.rhTNFR:Fc组55例,每周2次皮下注射rhTNFR:Fc(25 mg/次),24周.甲氨蝶呤组55例,每周1次口服甲氨蝶呤片,7.5mg/次起,8周内逐步加到15 mg/次,24周.观察药物对IgM-RF、IgG-RF、IgA-RF的影响,临床疗效评价采用28个关节疾病活动度(DAS28)疗效评定标准.组内治疗前后的差异采用配对t检验分析,组间治疗前后的差异采用两样本t检验分析.结果 ①2组患者病情均明显改善,rhTNFR:Fc的IgM-RF降低时间早于甲氨蝶呤组(P＜0.05).②rhTNFR:Fc组血清IgM-RF (29±16) U/ml明显降低(P＜0.05),IgG-RF (145±20) U/ml和IgA-RF(153±34)U/ml明显升高(P＜0.05).③甲氨蝶呤组IgM-RF (44±14) U/ml,IgG-RF (62±14) U/ml和IgA-RF (66±19) U/ml均明显降低(P＜0.05).④对临床指标的分析表明rhTNFR:Fc治疗RA疗效确切.结论 rhTNFR:Fc与甲氨蝶呤均能有效缓解RA的病情.rhTNFR:Fc能显著降低RA患者血清中IgM-RF的水平,而对IgG-RF,IgA-RF水平有升高作用,可能与其治疗RA的免疫学机制有关.     

重组人Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体-抗体融合蛋白联合改善病情抗风湿药治疗中国人群风湿性疾病的安全性研究

目的 评价注射用重组人Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子α受体-抗体融合蛋白(rhTNFR:Fc)治疗大样本量风湿性疾病患者的安全性.方法 观察从2006年5月至2009年3月间使用rhTNFR:Fc治疗的类风湿关节炎(RA)、强直性脊柱炎(AS)、幼年特发性关节炎(JIA)和银屑病关节炎(PsA)患者治疗期间内所发生的不良事件.结果 共对2041病例患者进行观察,其中RA 1388例,AS 421例,其他232例.其中RA中不良事件发生率为13.47％,最常见的为注射部位反应(2.67％)、皮疹(1.87％)和转氨酶升高(1.80％).AS总的不良事件发生率为10.45％,常见的是注射部位反应(5.23％)、转氨酶升高(2.38％)和皮疹(0.71％).全部感染的发生率为2.40％,最常见的感染为上呼吸道感染.本次研究中未观察到严重不良事件、死亡、结核病和恶性肿瘤的发生.结论 rhTNFR:Fc治疗RA、AS等风湿性疾病具有良好的安全性.     

重组人Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体-抗体融合蛋白对炎性关节炎患者关节置换术后恢复的影响

目的 探讨重组人Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体-抗体融合蛋白(rhTNFR:Fc)对炎性关节炎患者关节置换术后恢复的影响.方法 回顾分析67例应用rhTNFR:Fc或传统改变病情抗风湿药(DMARDs)治疗的炎性关节炎患者行关节置换术后伤口感染发生例数、伤口愈合时间、炎症期时间(体温≥37.5 ℃)及抗生素应用时间.根据所应用药物分为rhTNFR:Fc组和传统DMARDs组.其中,rhTNFR:Fc组单用rhTNFR:Fc或rhTNFR:Fc联合传统DMARDs;传统DMARDs组单用或联合应用2种或2种以上传统DMARDs.统计学处理根据数据类型选择t检验或非参数检验.结果 67例患者中,rhTNFR:Fc组18例,传统DMARDs组49例.rhTNFR:Fc组1例出现伤口感染,传统DMARDs组0例,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).rhTNFR:Fc组炎症期时间为(4±3) d,传统DMARDs组为(3±3)d,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).rhTNFR:Fc组伤口愈合时间为(14.0±3.1)d,传统DMARDs组为(14.7±2.9)d,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).rhTNFR:Fc组术后抗生素应用时间为(14.8±9.3)d,传统DMARDs组为(10.3±2.7)d,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 炎性关节炎患者围手术期应用rhTNFR:Fc不增加关节置换术后伤口感染发生率,不延长伤口愈合时间及炎症期时间.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the affect of rhTNFR:Fc on the postoperative recovery of patients with inflammatory arthritis after arthroplasty. Methods Patients with inflammatory arthritis undergoing arthroplasty were included and divided into rhTNFR:Fc group (rhTNFR:Fc only or combined with conven-tional DMARDs) and conventional DMARDs group (monotherapy with or combination of conventional DMARDs). We retrospectively analyzed the incidence of postoperative infection, wound healing time, the febrile period (body temperature ≥37.5 ℃) and the duration of antibiotics treatment after arthroplasty. x2 test and t test were used for statistical analysis. Results Sixty-seven patients were included, 18 in the rhTNFR: Fc group and 49 in the conventional DMARDs group. One postoperative infection occurred in rhTNFR :Fc group but none in the DMARDs group. There was no significant difference by Fisher's exact test (P＞0.05). The febrile duration was (4±3) days in the rhTNFR :Fc group and (3±3) days in the conventional DMARDs group, the difference was not statistically significant (P＞0.05). The wound healing time was (14.0±3.1) days in the rhTNFR :Fc group and (14.7±2.9) days in the conventional DMARDs group, which was not statistically different(P＞0.05). The duration of antibiotics treatment after operation was (14.8±9.3) days in the rhTNFR: Fc group and (10.3±2.7) days in the conventional DMARDs group, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). Conclusion Using rhTNFR:Fc during perioperative period in patients with inflammatory arthritis does not increase the risk of infectious complications or extending wound healing time and the febrile duration.     

单用重组人Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体-抗体融合蛋白及联合甲氨蝶呤对胶原诱导性关节炎大鼠关节骨破坏影响的实验研究

目的 通过建立胶原诱导性关节炎(CIA)大鼠模型,评价单用重组人Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体-抗体融合蛋白(rhTNFR:Fc)及其联合甲氨蝶呤在抑制CIA大鼠关节骨破坏方面的作用及机制.方法 利用皮下注射牛Ⅱ型胶原诱导Wistar大鼠发病,建立CIA大鼠模型.将造模成功,炎症评分≥2分的CIA大鼠随机分为生理盐水组(0.4 ml/周,腹腔注射)、甲氨蝶呤治疗组(1 mg周,腹腔注射)、rhTN FR:Fc治疗组(0.8 mg,每周2次,腹腔注射)、甲氨蝶呤+rhTN FR:Fc治疗组(甲氨蝶呤1 mg/周+rhTNFR:Fc 0.8mg,每周2次,腹腔注射).治疗8周后,处死大鼠,取踝关节拍摄X线片,胫骨上段行微计算机断层扫描技术扫描和制作硬组织切片,观察各组踝关节骨破坏情况,评价胫骨上段骨小梁变化及骨量变化.统计学处理采用SNK-q检验.结果 治疗8周后,rhTN FR:Fc组,甲氨蝶呤+rhTNFR:Fc组骨小梁面积百分数[(29.1±0.3)％,(26.7±0.6)％]及骨小梁数量(4.4±0.5)/mm,( 4.0±0.6 )/mm]明显高于0.9％氯化钠注射液组和甲氨蝶呤组[(12.9±0.5)％,( 13.2±0.4)％与(2.0±0.3 )/mm,(2.2±0.2)/mm](P＜0.01);rhTNFR:Fc组、甲氨蝶呤+rhTNFR:Fc组骨小梁分离度明显小于0.9％氯化钠注射液组和甲氨蝶呤组(P＜0.01).结论 单用rhTNFR:Fc及联合甲氨蝶呤均具有明显抑制关节骨破坏的作用,且其抑制炎症关节周围骨量减少的作用与抑制局部骨小梁数量减少及骨小梁分离度的增大相关.     

肿瘤坏死因子受体-Fc融合蛋白治疗类风湿关节炎与强直性脊柱炎短期疗效及不良反应的差异

目的 观察重组人Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体-抗体Fc融合蛋白[rhTNFR:Fc,益赛普(etanercept)]治疗类风湿关节炎(RA)及强直性脊柱炎(AS)的疗效及不良反应,评估其在不同关节病中的作用.方法 对18例难治性RA和22例难治性AS患者,使用ATNFR:Fc 25 mg/次,每周2次皮下注射,持续3个月.在治疗前和治疗后2、4、12周进行疗效及不良反应评估.RA组和AS组疗效评价分别采用美国风湿病学会(ACR20)H和ASAS20疗效评价标准.结果 ①rhTNFR:Fc治疗后As组达到ASAS20的总体有效率为95.5%,而RA组达到ACR20为50%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);②AS组在rhTNFR:Fc治疗第2、4、12周时达到ASAS20疗效的患者分别为12例、21例和21例,而RA组达到ACR20疗效的为3例、5例和9例,各时段组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);③RA组发生不良反应的患者占50%,显著高于AS组的9%(P＜0.01).RA组因无效及不良反应停药的患者5例,而AS组仅1例,脱漏率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),AS组的依从性好于RA组;④两组治疗前与治疗后12周X线比较均无明显改变.结论 相对RA患者总体反应而言,AS组患者对rhTNFR:Fc治疗起效快,有效率高,不良反应少,依从性好:但两组治疗前后关节X线均无明显改变.     

关节镜术后联合罗哌卡因和复方倍他米松治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的疗效观察

目的 观察膝关节镜清理术后联合罗哌卡因和复方倍他米松关节腔注射治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的疗效.方法 因膝关节骨性关节炎行关节镜清理手术的164例患者随机分为3组:联合治疗组62例,复方倍他米松组54例和对照组48例.采用Lequesne的膝关节骨性关节炎评分标准,分别于术前、术后1周、6周、12周进行疗效评估.结果 164例患者均获有效随访,术前、术后1、6、12周疗效评分联合治疗组分别为(21.3±4.8)分、(12.3±4.3)分、(9.2±6.3)分、(8.2±5.5)分;复方倍他米松组分别为(21.7±5.1)分、(14.7±5.8)分、(12.4±5.8)分、(9.1±4.8)分;对照组分别为(20.9±4.2)分、(15.2±5.5)分、(15.8±6.3)分、(14.4±6.9)分.联合治疗组、复方倍他米松组及对照组各组内治疗前后疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05),组间比较表明术后1周、6周、12周,联合治疗组及复方倍他米松组疗效较对照组有统计学意义(P＜0.05),术后1周、6周,联合治疗组疗效对比复方倍他米松组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而术后12周差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 膝骨性关节炎在关节镜清理术后,关节腔内注射罗哌卡因及复方倍他米松,可有效缓解术后疼痛,促进功能恢复.     

重组人Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体-抗体融合蛋白治疗类风湿关节炎双盲随机多中心对照临床研究

目的研究注射用重组人Ⅱ型肿瘤坏死因子受体-抗体融合蛋白[rhTNFR：Fc,益赛普,（etanercept）]对活动性类风湿关节炎（RA）患者的疗效及安全性.方法238例患者随机分为试验组和对照组.试验组每周1次口服空白模拟甲氨蝶呤（MTX）,同时接受rhTNFR：Fc皮下注射治疗,每周2次,每次25 mg;对照组每周1次口服定量MTX（每周7.5 mg起,8周内增至15 mg）,同时每周2次皮下注射空白模拟rhTNFR：Fc.疗程24周.疗效评价采用美国风湿病学会（ACR）疗效评定标准.结果治疗2周后,rhTNFR：Fc组ACR20有效率为35.59%,MTX组为22.50%,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.治疗8周后,rhTNFR：Fc组和MTX组的ACR20、ACR50和ACR70组间比较差异均有统计学意义（（P＜0.05）.治疗12周后,rhTNFR：Fc组ACR20有效率为66.10%,MTX组是51.67%,两组间比较差异有统计学意义（（P＜0.05）.治疗24周后,rhTNFR：Fc组ACR20有效率为75.42%,且ACR70有效率优于MTX组（（P＜0.05）,显示rhTNFR：Fc疗效强于MTX.两组药物之间总的不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义.结论rhTNFR：Fc用于治疗中、重度RA具有良好的安全性和显著的疗效;在前12周治疗期间,rhTNFR：Fc较MTX起效快、效果更明显.     

类风湿关节炎310膝次膝关节镜镜下分析

目的 探讨类风湿关节炎(RA)膝关节病变的关节镜下表现.方法 回顾分析2005年12月至2008年2月佛山市第一人民医院223例RA住院患者310膝次膝关节镜术中镜下所见,分析RA膝关节病变的特征.结果 310膝次中的305膝次(98.4%)有不同程度的滑膜增生,探查膝关节各区域以内侧间隙、髁间窝、外侧间隙滑膜增生明显增多,分别为274(88.4%)、267(86.1%)和258(83.2%)膝次,髌上囊滑膜增生最少见,为152膝次(49.0%);296膝次增生滑膜的镜下表现为珊瑚或棉絮样,9膝次表现为苔藓样增生.301膝软骨可见不同程度软骨变性或缺损,股骨内、外髁软骨变性合并软骨破坏或缺损分别为124、163膝.单纯软骨变性63膝.51膝的前交义韧带部分断裂,5膝次完全断裂,后交叉韧带部分断裂23膝,1膝次完伞断裂.内侧半月板撕裂、基本或完全消失的膝次分别为234、38膝次,外侧分别为214、45膝次.结论 RA膝关节多有滑膜增生,髁间窝及内、外侧问隙最多见,髌上囊相对较少;增生滑膜形态以珊瑚或棉絮样为主.RA膝关节软骨破坏常见,股骨内、外髁处最为明显;部分膝关节可见前、后交义韧带部分或完伞断裂;大部分RA膝关节有半月板病变.     

类风湿关节炎310膝次膝关节镜镜下分析

目的 探讨类风湿关节炎(RA)膝关节病变的关节镜下表现.方法 回顾分析2005年12月至2008年2月佛山市第一人民医院223例RA住院患者310膝次膝关节镜术中镜下所见,分析RA膝关节病变的特征.结果 310膝次中的305膝次(98.4%)有不同程度的滑膜增生,探查膝关节各区域以内侧间隙、髁间窝、外侧间隙滑膜增生明显增多,分别为274(88.4%)、267(86.1%)和258(83.2%)膝次,髌上囊滑膜增生最少见,为152膝次(49.0%);296膝次增生滑膜的镜下表现为珊瑚或棉絮样,9膝次表现为苔藓样增生.301膝软骨可见不同程度软骨变性或缺损,股骨内、外髁软骨变性合并软骨破坏或缺损分别为124、163膝.单纯软骨变性63膝.51膝的前交义韧带部分断裂,5膝次完全断裂,后交叉韧带部分断裂23膝,1膝次完伞断裂.内侧半月板撕裂、基本或完全消失的膝次分别为234、38膝次,外侧分别为214、45膝次.结论 RA膝关节多有滑膜增生,髁间窝及内、外侧问隙最多见,髌上囊相对较少;增生滑膜形态以珊瑚或棉絮样为主.RA膝关节软骨破坏常见,股骨内、外髁处最为明显;部分膝关节可见前、后交义韧带部分或完伞断裂;大部分RA膝关节有半月板病变.     

岳阳市城区小学生血吸虫病防治健康教育现状调查

目的 调查湖南省岳阳市城区小学生血吸虫病防治知识、行为现状及健康教育需求情况,为制定科学有效的小学生血吸虫病健康教育方案提供参考依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,抽取岳阳市城区洞庭湖湖畔学校和中心城区学校各2所,每所再从五、六年级分别抽取2个班的学生,通过调查问卷了解小学生血吸虫病相关知识、预防行为及健康教育需求,并进行统计分析。结果 共调查湖畔小学353人、中心城区小学363人,两组学校小学生年龄、性别、年级构成差异无统计学意义（t=-0.494,χ²_性别=1.615,χ²_年级=2.152;P均>0.05）。学生血吸虫病防治知识总知晓率为42.60%（305/716）,其中,湖畔学校小学生血防知识知晓率（52.97%）高于中心城区（32.51%）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=30.661,P<0.05）;学生行为正确率为76.68%（549/716）,血防知识知晓组行为正确率（81.31%）高于不知晓组（71.24%）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=6.384,P<0.05）。学生血防知识主要来源于老师（47.49%）;91.90%的学生愿意了解更多的血防知识,最喜欢的血防知识学习方式是参加课外活动（50.42%）。结论 岳阳市城区小学生的血防知识知晓率及行为正确率偏低,对血吸虫病防治健康教育需求较高。建议针对学生开展形式多样的血防健康教育,以增强学生的血吸虫病防护意识,提高自我防护能力。     

Role of pentoxifylline in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice

AIM:To study pentoxifylline effects in liver and adipose tissue inflammation in obese mice induced by high-fat diet(HFD).METHODS: Male swiss mice(6-wk old) were fed a highfat diet(HFD; 60% kcal from fat) or AIN-93(control diet; 15% kcal from fat) for 12 wk and received pentoxifylline intraperitoneally(100 mg/kg per day) for the last 14 d. Glucose homeostasis was evaluated by measurements of basal glucose blood levels and insulin tolerance test two days before the end of the protocol. Final body weight was assessed. Epididymal adipose tissue was collected and weighted for adiposity evaluation. Liver and adipose tissue biopsies were homogenized in solubilization buffer and cytokines were measured in supernatant by enzyme immunoassay or multiplex kit, respectively. Hepatic histopathologic analyses were performed in sections of paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver specimens stained with hematoxylin-eosin by an independent pathologist. Steatosis(macrovesicular and microvesicular), ballooning degeneration and inflammation were histopathologically determined. Triglycerides measurements were performed after lipid extraction in liver tissue. RESULTS: Pentoxifylline treatment reduced microsteatosis and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in liver(156.3 ± 17.2 and 62.6 ± 7.6 pg/mL of TNF-α for non-treated and treated obese mice, respectively; P 0.05). Serum aspartate aminotransferase levels were also reduced(23.2 ± 6.9 and 12.1 ± 1.6 U/L for nontreated and treated obese mice, respectively; P 0.05) but had no effect on glucose homeostasis. In obese adipose tissue, pentoxifylline reduced TNF-α(106.1 ± 17.6 and 51.1 ± 9.6 pg/mL for non-treated and treated obese mice, respectively; P 0.05) and interleukin-6(340.8 ± 51.3 and 166.6 ± 22.5 pg/mL for non-treated and treated obese mice, respectively; P 0.05) levels; however, leptin(8.1 ± 0.7 and 23.1 ± 2.9 ng/mL for non-treated and treated lean mice, respectively; P 0.05) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(600.2 ± 32.3 and 1508.6 ± 210.4 pg/mL for non-treated and treated lean mice, respectively; P 0.05) levels increased in lean adipose tissue. TNF-α level in the liver of lean mice also increased(29.6 ± 6.6 and 75.4 ± 12.6 pg/mL for non-treated and treated lean mice, respectively; P 0.05) while triglycerides presented a tendency to reduction.CONCLUSION: Pentoxifylline was beneficial in obese mice improving liver and adipose tissue inflammation. Unexpectedly, pentoxifylline increased pro-inflammatory markers in the liver and adipose tissue of lean mice.     

RNA-Seq在老年神经退行性疾病研究中的应用

阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病是老年人最常见的两种神经退行性疾病,但其发病机制及治疗是研究的热点。随着高通量测序技术的进步及成本的下降,RNA-Seq也成为神经退行性疾病机制研究及生物标志物发现的有力手段。RNA-Seq相对于microarray具有高灵敏度、高准确性、高重复性以及噪声低等优势,在阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病研究中有较为广泛的应用,包括检测差异表达基因,可变剪接、新长链非编码RNA预测分析和miRNAs调控等,但是容易受病理复杂性及样本等因素影响。目前阿尔茨海默病及帕金森病转录组研究相比于癌症等还不够深入,在临床诊断及治疗应用还面临较大挑战。但是随着新技术及新方法的发展,RNA-Seq将进一步推动神经退行性相关疾病的研究和临床转化。     

Role of microRNA in regulation of myeloma-related angiogenesis and survival

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease caused by clonal proliferation of plasma cells that result in monoclonal gammopathy and severe end organ damage. Despite the uniform clinical signs, the disease is very diverse in terms of the nature and sequence of the underlying molecular events. Multiple cellular processes are involved in helping the malignant cells to remain viable and maintain proliferative properties in the hypoxic microenvironment of the bone marrow. Specifically, the process of angiogenesis, triggered by the interactions between the malignant MM cells and the stroma cells around them, was found to be critical for MM progression. In this review we highlight the current understanding about the epigenetic regulation of the proliferation and apoptosis of MM cells and its dependency on angiogenesis in the bone marrow that is carried out by different microRNAs.     

Use of fab fragments of digoxin-specific antibodies in the therapy of massive digoxin poisoning

A case of massive digoxin ingestion with multiple arrhythmias, consisting of high grade A-V block and ventricular ectopy not responsive to lidocaine, is described. The arrhythmias ceased following administration of digoxin-specific Fab fragments. The patient improved and was transferred to the psychiatric unit.     

Rising incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in men in Australia

Adenocarcinomas of the oesophagus and of the gastric cardia have been reported to be increasing in incidence in many countries, while the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus is stable and non-cardia gastric cancers are decreasing in incidence. Age-standardized incidence rates for the years 1982–93 for oesophageal adenocarcinoma and non-adenocarcinoma, and gastric cardia and non-cardia cancers were calculated based on state cancer registry incidence data. Time trends in the age-standardized rates were assessed using linear regression. A consistent increasing trend in the incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in men was seen in all states of Australia and was statistically significant in all states except South Australia. There were no consistent nationwide trends in the incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in women, although a trend towards an increase in the incidence of this cancer reached statistical significance ( P < 0.05) in three states (New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland). There were no important trends in the incidence of oesophageal non-adenocarcinoma in either men or women. There were no consistent nationwide changes in the incidence of gastric cardia cancer in either men or women, although this cancer was significantly increasing in Tasmania in both men and women. The incidence of cancer of the stomach not arising at the gastric cardia was significantly decreasing in men in all states and was also decreasing in women in all states, although in women this decrease was statistically significant only in New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia. There has been a dramatic increase in the incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in men in Australia. The incidence of this cancer in men is now approximately equal with that of non-adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus. The incidence of non-cardia stomach cancer continues to fall.     

Comparison of intravenous and oral routes of theophylline loading in acute asthma

In a prospective, randomized clinical trial, 19 patients with an acute exacerbation of asthma were given a loading dose of aminophylline by the IV (n = 10) or oral route (n = 9) of administration following treatment with epinephrine. Plasma concentrations of theophylline were measured prior to giving the loading dose, and one, two, three, and 24 to 48 hours later. Therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated by analyzing spirometric measurements prior to giving the loading dose, and one, three, and 24 to 48 hours later. Side effects also were recorded. In the IV group, the mean peak plasma theophylline concentration was 15.1 micrograms/mL one hour after loading, and in the oral group the mean peak serum theophylline concentration was 14.2 micrograms/mL three hours after loading. There was no correlation between theophylline concentrations and normalized change in spirometric values. There was no significant difference in spirometric values between the IV and oral groups. Nausea was slightly more common in the IV group. We conclude that there is no therapeutic advantage to giving a loading dose of aminophylline by the IV route rather than orally in patients with mild-to-moderate exacerbation of asthma initially treated with epinephrine.     

彩色多普勒超声对老年人医源性股动脉假性动脉瘤的诊断及治疗价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声对行经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)后并发股动脉假性动脉瘤老年患者的诊断及治疗价值. 方法 应用彩色多普勒超声诊断35例老年PTCA术后穿刺部位发现肿块或听诊有血管杂音的医源性假性动脉瘤患者,并在超声引导下探头垂直加压假性动脉瘤通道或破口直至内无血流通过,压迫失败患者再在超声引导下瘤腔内注射血凝酶(立止血)治疗.结果 35例老年患者PTCA术后假性动脉瘤彩色多普勒超声诊断与临床符合率100.0％(35/35),彩色多普勒超声引导下单纯压迫治愈31例,3例经瘤腔内注入血凝酶加压治愈,总治愈率为97.2％(34/35),1例治疗失败而行外科手术. 结论 彩色多普勒超声对老年人PTCA术后股动脉假性动脉瘤的诊断准确、治疗有效,可作为老年人PTCA术后股动脉假性动脉瘤诊断和治疗的首选方法.     

Propranolol-induced hypertension in treatment of cocaine intoxication

The case of a patient with apparent cocaine toxicity and drug-mediated hypertension and tachycardia is presented. IV propranolol was used as the initial treatment for his hyperadrenergic state, resulting in a decrease in heart rate but a paroxsymal increase in blood pressure. The patient required nitroprusside for control of elevated blood pressure. A mechanism of unopposed alpha stimulation as a result of beta-2 receptor blockade is proposed, and a cautious approach to the use of propranolol in these patients is suggested.