贝甲抗癌汤含药血清对肝癌细胞HepG2增殖和凋亡的影响

目的探讨贝甲抗癌汤含药血清（以下简称含药血清）对肝癌细胞HepG2增殖和凋亡的影响,为含药血清临床治疗肝癌提供实验依据。方法将肝癌细胞HepG2分为三组,实验1组、实验2组分别加入低浓度、高浓度含药血清配置的DMEM培养液,对照组加入普通DMEM培养液。采用MTT法检测干预后24、48、72h细胞增殖抑制率,AO染色法检测凋亡率。结果实验1组、实验2组随着时间的延长,其增殖抑制率逐渐增加,P均〈0．01;实验1组、实验2组间各时点增殖抑制率比较无统计学差异。实验1组、实验2组各时点凋亡率均明显高于对照组,P均〈0．05;但实验1组、实验2组间比较无统计学差异。结论含药血清可诱导肝癌细胞凋亡,其对肝癌的治疗作用应与其诱导肝癌细胞凋亡有关。     

消瘤汤含药血清对人肝癌细胞HepG2凋亡相关因子表达的影响

[目的]观察消瘤汤含药血清对人肝癌细胞HepG2凋亡相关因子表达的影响,进一步证实该方对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用,并初步探讨其诱导肝癌细胞凋亡的作用机制。[方法]给予昆明种小鼠中药煎剂灌胃3d后,制备消瘤汤鼠含药血清,将其作用于HepG2细胞,用四氮唑盐法（MTT法）检测含药血清对HepG2细胞增殖的抑制作用,通过流式细胞技术测定肿瘤细胞的凋亡情况,应用免疫组化法检测半胱氨酸蛋白酸3（Caspase-3）、B细胞淋巴瘤2（Bcl-2）蛋白表达水平。[结果]消瘤汤鼠含药血清作用于HepG2细胞72h后,对肿瘤细胞生长有明显抑制作用。流式细胞仪检测可见含药血清组在细胞G1／G0期前出现明显的凋亡峰,即“亚二倍体峰”。凋亡率为22．3％,明显高于对照组的1．05％（P〈0．05）。免疫组化结果表明Caspase-3在含药血清干预后,表达明显增加,而Bcl-2在含药血清干预后,表达明显降低。[结论]消瘤汤可能通过激活Caspase-3及抑制Bcl-2的活性,从而诱导肝癌细胞凋亡,有效地抑制肝癌细胞生长,达到抗肿瘤的作用。     

膈下逐瘀汤加减方对人肝癌细胞bax、bcl-2、P53基因表达调控的影响

目的：探讨膈下逐瘀汤加减方（GXZY）时人肝癌细胞bax、bcl-2、P53基因表达调控的影响。方法：制备5组试验血清：不合药物血清（无药血清组），阳性对照药物复方斑蝥胶囊含药血清（阳性血清组）和GXZY低、中、高浓度含药血清（5％血清组、10％血清组、15％血清组）。检测各组药物血清及对照血清对sMMC-7721细胞增殖、细胞周期、肝癌相关基因（bax、bcl-2、P53）表达的影响。结果：GXZY各血清组与阳性血清组抑制人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721增殖、调控癌基因与抑癌基因、促进癌细胞凋亡均具有显著统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），其中GXZY高浓度血清组的作用优于阳性血清组。结论：膈下逐瘀汤加减方能够抑制人肝癌细胞增殖，促进细胞凋亡。     

中药复方从脾虚论治肝癌的作用机制研究

目的:探讨脾虚方对肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡和迁移侵袭的影响。方法:体外培养HepG2细胞,加入不同中药复方含药血清干预48 h后,用流式细胞仪检测含药血清对HepG2细胞凋亡的影响;Transwell实验检测药物对细胞侵袭能力的影响。结果:干预48 h后,毒痰瘀方组、脾虚方组及索拉非尼组HepG2细胞的凋亡率分别为(11.63±0.87)%、(12.47±0.56)%、(24.20±1.61)%,脾虚方组诱导细胞凋亡效果显著,与正常对照组相比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);毒痰瘀方组、脾虚方组及索拉非尼组的迁移细胞数分别为124.6±8.4、121.0±9.6、100.2±7.1,细胞侵袭数分别为80.4±7.6、89.2±8.4、71.4±7.3,脾虚方可有效抑制HepG2细胞的迁移、侵袭能力,与正常对照组相比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:脾虚方药物血清具有促进HepG2细胞凋亡,抑制HepG2细胞迁移与侵袭的作用。     

芍药甙诱导人肝癌细胞系HepG2凋亡的研究

目的：观察芍药甙诱导人肝癌细胞系HepG2凋亡及凋亡相关基因的变化。方法：用0．5～0．2g／L芍药甙处理人肝癌HepG2细胞，光镜下观察细胞形态；MTT法检测细胞增殖率；流式细胞仪检测凋亡峰；免疫组化法检测P53，bcl-2，bax等凋亡相关基因的表达。结果：0．5～2．0g／L浓度的芍药甙对HepG2有显著抑制作用；可诱导HepG2凋亡，并能上调凋亡相关基因P53和bax表达、下调抗凋亡基因bcl-2表达。结论：0．5～2．0g／L芍药甙可诱导人肝癌细胞HepG2凋亡，其机制可能与凋亡相关基因表达增强和抗凋亡相关基因表达减弱有关。     

中药复方搏癌丸对人肝癌细胞周期及bax、bcl-2、p53基因表达调控的影响

目的:研究中药复方搏癌丸对人肝癌细胞HepG2周期及相关调控基因表达的影响.方法:采用药物血清和细胞药理学方法:①用流式细胞仪观察搏癌丸对人肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡及周期的影响.②用免疫组织化学染色(SABC)法检测搏癌丸3个有效药物血清浓度对bax、bcl-2、p53基因表达的调控.结果:①10%搏癌丸药物血清作用HepG2细胞48小时后,FCA检测的细胞凋亡率为25.34%,均显著高于相应无药血清对照组的3.54%,P＜0.05.②能上调HeG2细胞凋亡调控基因bax、p53的表达,与无药血清对照组比较,差异有显著性意义,P＜0.05,且呈剂量依赖关系.结论:搏癌丸诱导HepG2细胞凋亡的作用机制之一可能是上调促凋亡基因bax和p53的表达.     

消瘤汤含药血清对人肝癌细胞Bel-7402增殖和凋亡的影响

[目的]观察消瘤汤含药血清对人肝癌细胞Bel-7402增殖和凋亡的影响。[方法]采用消瘤汤含药血清,应用血清药理学方法,选择不同浓度的含药血清体外培养人肝癌细胞Bel-7402 96 h。通过MTT法和细胞形态学观察检测细胞的增殖抑制率和细胞凋亡。[结果]MTT法检测表明,消瘤汤高、中、低剂量组与0.95%氯化钠（对照）组相比,对人肝癌细胞增殖均有抑制作用（P〈0.01）。细胞形态学检测表明消瘤汤各剂量组含药血清均可诱导细胞凋亡。[结论]消瘤汤能明显抑制肝癌Bel-7402细胞的增殖,其抑瘤作用有细胞毒作用和诱导细胞凋亡2种途径。     

环氧合酶-2对人肝癌细胞增殖和凋亡的调节作用

目的:观察环氧合酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2)在肝癌细胞中表达,探讨COX-2抑制剂celecoxib对肝癌细胞增殖和凋亡的作用．方法:免疫细胞化学、逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法研究COX-2在肝癌细胞株中表达;MTT法观察COX-2抑制剂对肝癌细胞增殖的影响;透射电镜及流式细胞仪观察 celecoxib诱导肝癌细胞凋亡的作用、对细胞周期的影响及MDR1／P-gp表达的变化;用RTPCR 方法检测Survivin mRNA药物处理后表达的变化．结果:celecoxib对肝癌细胞抑制增殖、诱导凋亡呈时间和剂量依赖性．celecoxib作用HepG2 48 h抑制率为70．98％±0．67％(200 μmol／L)、 47．93％±1．08％(100 μmol／L);Bel-7402为 57．29％±0．67％(200 μmol／L)、43．84％± 0．86％(100 μmol／L);同样浓度但作用20 h, HepG2为45．51％±1．35％(200 μmol／L), 14.35％±1．55％(100 μmol／L);Bel-7402则为34．35％±0．63％(200 μmol／L),15．35％± 0．88％(100 μmol／L),不同浓度以及不同作用时间相比均有显著差异(P<0．01);100 μmol／L celecoxib作用24,48,72,96 h的肝癌细胞凋亡率分别为12．2％±2．44％,4．0％±1．67％,20．4％±4．38％,57．9％±5．74％(HepG2)和3．0％± 1．05％,18．5％±3．51％,29.3％±3．25％,48．4％±4．77％(Bel-7402),与对照组相比有显著差异(P<0．01);细胞周期分布改变,G0／G1期细胞比例增加,24,48,72 h分别为:44．17％±1．01％,59．60％±0．61％,62．7％±1．22％ (HepG2)和47．80％±0．41％,58．60％±0．46％, 78．40％±1．95％(Bel-7402),与对照组比较有显著差异(P<0．01);对照组PCNA蛋白表达呈强阳性( ),经药物处理后表达减弱,并随时间延长而显著;HepG2中COX-2蛋白表达明显弱于Bel-7402,药物处理后表达也不同．Survivin在肝癌细胞株中呈高表达状态, celecoxib作用48 h mRNA表达降至零,而72 h 后表达水平又有上升;两株肝癌细胞中经 celecoxib处理后,MDR1／P-gp表达有降低的趋势(Bel-7402),或是基本上不受影响(HepG2)．结论:COX-2抑制剂celecoxib体外对肝癌细胞有较强的细胞毒作用且以剂量、时间依赖方式抑制细胞增殖,并诱导凋亡,使细胞周期阻滞于G1／S期．COX-2与P-gp,Survivin表达密切相关．     

人端粒酶逆转录酶干扰对肿瘤坏死因子相关凋亡诱导配体诱导肝癌细胞凋亡的影响

目的研究人端粒酶逆转录酶(hTERT)干扰对肝癌．HepG2、SMMC-7221细胞生物学形为的影响和对肿瘤坏死因子相关的凋亡诱导配体(TRAIL)诱导凋亡的影响。方法将HepG2细胞和SMMC-7721细胞分为转染组 (转染重组质粒真核表达载体)、对照组(转染空载体质粒)和未转染组。采用聚合酶链反应方法检测hTERT干扰序列, 逆转录聚合酶链反应方法检测hTERT表达,HE染色、生长曲线和流式细胞术方法分别检测细胞形态、增殖情况和细胞周期,β-半乳糖苷酶染色方法检测细胞状态,Armexin V／PI染色流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果转染组细胞内均存在hTERT干扰序列,HepG2和SMMC 7221细胞hTERT干扰率分别为100％和43．3％;与未转染组细胞相比, 转染细胞核质比明显缩小,增殖率下降差异有统计学意义(P<0．05),老化细胞和G2-M期细胞明显增加(P<0．05)。细胞老化率分别由未转染组的0增加到转染组的20．4％,由3．60%,增加到10．O％;G2-M期分别由未转染组的7．1％、6．9％增加到转染组的10．6％、7．9％。hTERT干扰显著增加肝癌细胞凋亡和TRAIL诱导凋亡敏感性(P<0．05)。两株肝癌细胞凋亡率分别由未转染组的3．5％、4．8％增至转染组的5．2%、7．9％;100 ng／ml TRAIL作用24 h后两株肝癌细胞凋亡率分别由未转染组的5．3％、13．9％增加到转染组的10．4％、77．2％,而对照组细胞各指标均无显著变化。结论 hTERT干扰明显影响肝癌细胞的生物学行为,显著增加细胞凋亡和TRAIL诱导凋亡的敏感性。     

肝癌-1号对大鼠巨噬细胞杀伤肝癌细胞能力的影响及机制

目的:研究中药复方肝癌-1号对Wistar大鼠巨噬细胞杀伤肝癌细胞HepG2能力的影响并探讨其可能机制．方法:用0,25,50,75,100 μmol／L肝癌-1号提纯液处理Wistar大鼠巨噬细胞24 h后,用四甲基偶氮唑盐法(MTT),检测不同浓度药物处理后的巨噬细胞对HepG2细胞的杀伤能力;RT- PCR法检测各组巨噬细胞TNF-α,NF-κB和 iNOS mRNA表达．结果:肝癌-1号处理后,巨噬细胞对肿瘤抑制率随药物剂量的升高而升高,与0 μmol／L 组相比,100,75 μmol／L浓度时,巨噬细胞对HepG2细胞具有明显的杀伤作用,肿瘤细胞抑制率分别为28．0％±4．5％、23．5％± 3．4％(P<0．05);同时TNF-α,NF-κB和iNOS mRNA表达增强．结论:肝癌-1号通过诱导巨噬细胞TNF-α, NF-κB和iNOS mRNA的表达,增强巨噬细胞对肝癌细胞HepG2的杀伤能力,其抗癌效应可能与其参与机体免疫调节作用有关．     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Variabilité des concentrations plasmatiques de l’angiotensinogène et risque d’hypertension artérielle chez le rat transgénique

Aim

Genetic polymorphisms of the human angiotensinogen gene are frequent and may induce up to 30% increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations with a blood pressure increase of up to 5 mmHg. Their role for the pathogenesis of human arterial hypertension remains unclear. High plasma angiotensinogen levels could increase the sensitivity to other blood pressure stressors.

Methods

Male transgenic rats with a 9-fold increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations and male non-transgenic rats aged 10 weeks were treated or not with NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester for 3 weeks in their drinking water (n = 3/group). Systolic blood pressure and body weight were measured at baseline and at the end of the study when left ventricular weight and ventricular expression of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and procollagen Iα1 were determined (polymerase chain reaction).

Results

At baseline, transgenic rats had +18 mmHg higher bood pressure and –8% lower body weight compared to non-transgenic rats (P < 0.05) without significant changes for the vehicle groups throughout the study (P > 0.05). NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester increased blood pressure, left ventricular weight and left ventricular weight indexed for body weight by +41%, +17.6% and +18.6% (P < 0.05) in transgenic and +25%, +5.3% and +6.7% (P > 0.05) in non-transgenic rats compared to untreated animals, respectively. Cardiac gene expression showed no differences between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Increased plasma angiotensinogen levels may sensitize to additional blood pressure stressors. Our preliminary results point towards an independent role of angiotensinogen in the pathogenesis of human hypertension and associated end-organ damage.     

Morphological and immunocytochemical heterogeneity of cultured pinealocytes from one-week-and two-month-old rats: Planimetric and densitometric investigations

Abstract: In vitro preparations of rat pinealocytes are widely used for biochemical analyses of signal transduction processes. This paper deals with morphological and immunocytochemical features of such preparations. Special attention was paid to the problems of whether pinealocytes represent a heterogeneous cell population and how such heterogeneity may develop during ontogeny. The investigations were performed with cells which were obtained from the pineal organ of one-week-and two-month-old rats, attached to synthetic peptide-coated coverslips or tissue culture chamber slides, and maintained under in vitro conditions overnight. The attached cells were then fixed with paraformaldehyde. These preparations yielded monolayers of spherical cells of different sizes; most cells were isolated, but some of them were aggregated and formed small clusters. On the average, the cells from the one-week-old animals were smaller than the cells from the two-month-old animals. Immunocytochemical demonstration of S-antigen, a pinealocyte-specific marker, showed that the majority of the cells from two-month-old animals were intensely or moderately labelled. Pinealocytes from one-week-old animals were less S-antigen immunoreactive. Only very few cells (less than 1% displayed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-immunoreactivity. Planimetric investigations of the cell size and semiquantitative densitometric investigations of the intensity of the S-antigen immunoreaction revealed that (i) pinealocytes kept in vitro form a heterogeneous cell population, and that (ii) this heterogeneity increases during postnatal development from one-week-old to two-month-old animals. Two groups of pinealocytes can be distinguished based on their developmental fate: pinealocytes of one group grow dramatically, but show only a moderate increase in S-antigen immunoreactivity, and pinealocytes of the other group retain their size, but display a distinct increment in S-antigen immunoreacti vitv.     

Effects of pinealectomy and melatonin administration on certain indices of ovarian hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in rats with both ovaries intact or after unilateral ovariectomy

Abstract: In earlier studies from other laboratories it was shown that melatonin decreased ovarian weight in rats and inhibited compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining ovary after unilateral ovariectomy. This study was designed to examine the influence of melatonin on certain indices of ovarian hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy in adult female rats with both ovaries preserved and with either an intact pineal gland or with the pineal gland removed (pinealectomy, PX) or, finally, in sham-PX animals. Similar studies were conducted on rats after unilateral ovariectomy, referring the examined parameters to the remaining intact ovary. The studies included mitotic activity of granulosa layer cells and corpus luteum cells, ovarian weight, ovarian cross-sectional area, cross-sectional area of the granulosa layer of all the Graafian follicles and the cross-sectional areas of the corpora lutea, visible on the ovarian cross-section. On the basis of results, we conclude that: 1) the effect of PX on the processes of ovarian hyperplasia and hypertrophy may vary; analogously, exogenous melatonin administration may influence ovarian hyperplasia and hypertrophy in different ways; 2) PX and exogenous melatonin may, under certain conditions, exert similar biological effects, even synergistic effects; 3) melatonin inhibits ovarian growth processes, while the effects of PX are variable; 4) the results indicate that in experiments performed on rats, with the use of two control groups, i.e., intact and sham-PX, melatonin effects on these two groups may differ.