HLA—DRB1和DQB1基因与肺结核合并糖尿病相关性分析

目的 探讨ＨＬＡ－ＤＲＢ１和ＤＱＢ１基因与肺结核合并２型糖尿病的关联性;寻找与肺结核合并２型糖尿病可能相关的ＨＬＡ基因。方法 采用病例对照分析,应用聚合酶链反应序列－特异性引物（ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＰ）的方法,对我国北方汉族中的１２３例肺结核合并２型糖尿病（ＭＤ）患者和与其无血缘关系的４６例健康对照以及４５例单纯２型糖尿病患者分别进行ＨＬＡ－ＤＲＢ１和ＤＱＢ１位点的等位基因分型。结果 肺结核合并２型糖尿病     

住院COPD患者耐甲氧西林金葡菌院内感染情况分析

老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ）患者住院期间易发生院内支气管肺感染（ＮＢＰＩ）。我们对部分合并ＮＢＰＩ的ＣＯＰＤ患者进行了耐甲氧西林金葡菌（ＭＲ－ＳＡ）培养和分型鉴定,现将结果报告如下。资料与方法：４９例住院ＣＯＰＤ患者中男３１例、女１８例,年龄＞６...     

糖尿病酮症酸中毒并肝损害临床分析

目的探讨导致糖尿病酮症（ＤＫ）及酮症酸中毒（ＤＫＡ）患者肝损害的相关因素．方法ＤＫ或ＤＫＡ患者９９例,其中ＡＬＴ及ＡＳＴ均异常升高１１例（Ａ组）,单项ＡＬＴ异常升高１３例（Ｂ组）,肝功能正常７５例（Ｃ组）,对以上各组患者的血二氧化碳结合力（ＣＯ２ＣＰ）、尿素氮（ＢＵＮ）、血糖（ＢＧ）和血浆渗透压（ＯＳＭ）进行了统计分析．结果Ａ,Ｂ两组患者的ＣＯ２ＣＰ明显低于Ｃ组（Ｐ＜００１,ｔ＝６３３和ｔ＝６４３）,而ＢＵＮ则明显升高（Ｐ＜００１,ｔ＝３６１,ＡｖｓＣ;Ｐ＜００１,ｔ＝４３５,ＢｖｓＣ）,Ａ组的ＢＧ（Ｐ＜００５,ｔ＝２８４）和血浆ＯＳＭ（Ｐ＜００５,ｔ＝３１０）水平也显著高于Ｃ组,而Ｂ组患者的ＢＧ及血浆ＯＳＭ与Ｃ组比较无差异;与Ｂ组相比,Ａ组患者的ＣＯ２ＣＰ明显降低（Ｐ＜００２,ｔ＝２７１）,ＢＧ（Ｐ＜００５,ｔ＝２８９）和血浆ＯＳＭ（Ｐ＜００５,ｔ＝２３６）明显升高．此外,Ⅰ型糖尿病患者血清转氨酶异常升高的发生率明显高于Ⅱ型糖尿病患者（Ｐ＜００５,χ２＝４３８）．结论酸中毒和脱水是导致糖尿病酮症及酮症酸中毒患者肝损害的重要因素,酸中毒及脱水程度与肝损害程度相关．     

小肠脂酸结合蛋白基因多态性与2型糖尿病合并冠心病的关系

为了解小肠脂酸结合蛋白基因（ＦＡＢＰ２）多态性与２型糖尿病合并冠心病（ＣＨＤ）的关系。方法２型糖尿病无冠心病组（ＤＭ－１）６４型糖尿病合并冠心病组（ＤＭ－２）８２例,非糖尿病冠心病组６２例,正常对照组６０例。应用聚合链酶反应（ＰＣＲ）技术检测２６８例对象ＦＡＢＰ２ＨｈａⅠ位点的限制性片段长度多态性（ＲＦＬＰｓ）。结果（１）武汉地区汉族人存在ＰＡＢＰ２ＨｈａＩ多态性位点,可产生Ｔｈｒ５４（－）和Ｔｈ     

糖尿病合并高血压对微血管病变患病率的影响

目的　为了解糖尿病合并高血压对微血管病变患病率的影响。方法　对３２５ 例２ 型糖尿病合并与不合并高血压对糖尿病微血管病变患病率的影响进行了回顾性分析。结果　２ 型糖尿病合并高血压组糖尿病肾病（ Ｄ Ｎ） 、糖尿病视网膜病变（ Ｄ Ｒ） 、糖尿病周围神经病变（ Ｄ Ｐ Ｎ） 和糖尿病自主神经病变（ Ｄ Ａ Ｎ） 的患病率分别为６１ ．３２ ％ 、４９ ．０６ ％ 、４５ ．２８ ％ 和２４ ．５３ ％ ，均高于血压正常组（ 患病率分别为２７ ．８５ ％ 、２９ ．６８ ％ 、３２ ．４２ ％ 和１５ ．５３ ％ 。有关影响因素拟合 Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ 逐步回归方程分析，结果显示糖尿病病程是 Ｄ Ｎ、 Ｄ Ｒ、 Ｄ Ｐ Ｎ 和 Ｄ Ａ Ｎ 患病的共同影响因素。高血压是 Ｄ Ｎ、 Ｄ Ｐ Ｎ 患病的危险因素（ Ｏ Ｒ 值分别为２ ．５９ 、２ ．５５ ， Ｐ 值分别为＜ ０ ．０１ 、＜ ０ ．０５） 。结论　糖尿病合并高血压将增加糖尿病微血管病变的患病率。     

ApoE基因多态性与中国人2型糖尿病及其心血管并发症的关系

目的为研究载脂蛋白Ｅ（ＡｐｏＥ）基因多态性与２型糖尿病及其心血管并发症的关系。方法以载脂蛋白Ｅ（ＡｐｏＥ）基因为候选基因，运用聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性（ＰＣＲＲＦＬＰ）方法检测了１１２例２型糖尿病患者及６０例正常对照者的ＡｐｏＥ基因型。结果两组研究对象其ε３、ε２和ε４等位基因的分布频率分别为０．８４４，０．０９３，０．０６３和０．８６７，０．０８３，０．０５０（Ｐ＞０．０５），说明ＡｐｏＥ基因多态性与中国人２型糖尿病发病无相关性，通过比较２型糖尿病患者不同ＡｐｏＥ基因型与其血脂指标的关系发现：ＡｐｏＥ基因多态性与血总胆固醇水平（Ｐ＝０．００２９）及血低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ）Ｃ水平（Ｐ＝０．００２１）相关，携带ε４等位基因的个体具有较高的ＴＣ及ＬＤＬＣ水平，而携带ε２等位基因的个体具有较低的ＴＣ及ＬＤＬＣ水平。ＡｐｏＥ基因多态性与２型糖尿病伴高血压无相关（Ｐ＝０．１１１）。携带ε４等位基因的患者冠心病发病率明显较携带其他等位基因患者为高（Ｐ＝０．００８）。结论ε４等位基因可能是２型糖尿病合并冠心病的一个危险因子     

双相气道正压通气治疗COPD合并慢性呼吸衰竭

作者用双相气道正压通气（ＢｉＰＡＰ）治疗慢性阻塞性肺病（ＣＯＰＤ）合并呼吸衰竭患者１４例（治疗组），并与同期住院的１２例病人对照（对照组）。结果表明，ＢｉＰＡＰ可改善ＣＯＰＤ合并呼吸衰竭患者的ＰａＯ２和ＰａＣＯ２，与对照组比较均有显著性差异（Ｐ均〈０．０５），且不影响患者的心率和血压，提出ＢｉＰＡＰ是一种有临床使用价值的通气模式。     

山东地区汉族2型糖尿病候选基因研究

目的 研究２型糖尿病与若干候选基因之间的关系。方法 运用聚合酶链反应技术,结合短患联重复序列多态性标记的方法,对山东地区汉族１０７例２型糖尿病患者和１０５名正常对照组葡萄糖激酶（ＧＣＫ）基因、ＮＩＤＤＭ１（Ｄ２Ｓ１４０）基因及小肠脂肪酸结合蛋白（ＦＡＢＰ２）基因的多态性进行分析。结果 ＧＣＫ等位基因Ａ５及ＮＩＤＤＭ１（Ｄ２Ｓ１４０）等位因基Ｂ２与２型糖尿病组呈正相关,ＲＲ分别为１５．７０（Ｐ〈０．     

醛糖还原酶基因5‘端（AC）n多态性对2型糖尿病患者红细 …

目的 探讨醛糖还原酶（ＡＲ）基因５’端（ＡＣ）ｎ的多态性对２型糖尿病（ＤＭ）红细胞ＡＲ活性的影响。方法 １６３例２型ＭＤ分为无微血管病变（ＮＤＣ）组（６６例）和微血管病变（ＤＭＡＰ）组（９７组），正常对照（ＣＯＮ）组４２例；另按ＡＲ基因５’端（ＡＣ）ｎ的等位基因类型分为ＤＭ携带Ｚ＋２等位基因（ＤＺ＋２）组（５４例）、ＤＭ携带Ｚ－２等位基因（ＤＺ－２）组（３５例）、ＤＭ同时携带Ｚ＋２和Ｚ－２等位基因     

氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白及抗氧化剂在糖尿病血管病变中的作用

为探讨氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白（ＯＸＬＤＬ）及抗氧化剂在糖尿病血管病变中的作用，采用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法（ＥＬＡＳＡ法），测定了６０例非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（ＮＩＤＤＭ）病人及３０例正常对照者血浆ＯＸＬＤＬ水平。结果显示：（１）ＮＩＤＤＭ组与正常对照组比较，血浆ＯＸＬＤＬ水平显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＮＩＤＤＭ有血管病变组与无血管病变组比较，血浆ＯＸＬＤＬ水平显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。（２）２０例ＮＩＤＤＭ病人用维生素Ｃ及维生素Ｅ治疗后，血浆ＯＸＬＤＬ水平显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）。（３）血浆ＯＸＬＤＬ水平与ＬＤＬ－Ｃ、ＨＤＬ、ＴＧ、ＴＣ、ＡｐｏＡ１及ＡｐｏＢ均无显著相关性。提示ＯＸＬＤＬ可能与糖尿病血管病变的发生和发展有关。抗氧化治疗可能对预防血管病变的发生有一定的作用。     

青少年高血压的研究进展

随着人们生活和行为方式的改变,高血压发病明显呈年轻化趋势。在青少年时期识别高血压病高危人群有助于早期进行有效干预和治疗,降低未来高血压的发生率及其严重性。现试从青少年高血压的诊断、发病因素、特点、治疗策略等方面的研究进展作一综述。     

Morbidity in cardiovascular diseases in immigrants in Sweden

INTRODUCTION: Although immigration to Sweden has increased in the last few decades, the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease in immigrants are unknown. The aim of the present study is to estimate whether place of birth affects the incidence rates of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was designed as a follow-up study on morbidity in cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 1998, including three and a half million persons with age range 35-64 years, of whom 550 000 were born abroad, from the database MigMed consisting of the whole Swedish population. Incidence rates and relative risks were estimated by indirect standardization and a proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The age-adjusted risk of coronary heart disease was higher in most foreign-born groups than in Swedes. For example, in nine of 12 male groups, the relative risks varied between 1.1 and 2.2, and in seven of 12 female groups, the relative risks varied between 1.4 and 2.5. When also adjusting for level of education and employment status, the risks were still high, but on a lower level. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign-born people possess an over-risk of cardiovascular or coronary heart disease(CVD/CHD) compared with Swedish-born persons, also when level of education and employment status are taken into account.     

C·肉毒杀鼠素(冻干剂)应用研究

目的为研究C·肉毒杀鼠索对杀灭达乌尔黄鼠(简称黄鼠)的大面积应用情况和对家畜、家禽的毒害作用,进行了C·肉毒杀鼠素的应用研究.方法大面积投毒采用ES-2药饵撒播机[1],间隔约80m进行条投.羊、鸡采用直接灌胃.结果大面积应用的灭鼠率为83.72%.对羊、鸡最高剂量分别为500万MLD、150万MLD,均未出现中毒现象.结论 C·肉毒杀鼠素是较为理想的草原大面积杀灭黄鼠的理想、首选药物.     

高龄老年高血压的临床研究进展

随着社会老龄化进程的加快,80岁以上高龄老人的绝对数量以及占总人口的比例均在增加,如何提高高龄老年高血压的防治水平备受关注。现试从高龄老年高血压的临床特点、治疗策略等方面的临床研究进展作一综述。     

中国老年性耳聋的研究与干预进展

老年性耳聋已成为影响我国老年人生活质量的最主要的慢性病之一。助听器是目前帮助听力损失的老年人克服交流障碍的主要手段。在我国,数字助听器已逐渐取代模拟助听器并且体现出了更好的效果。但是老年听力损失患者中使用助听器的比例仍然很小。人工耳蜗植入也已被应用在老年患者中。我国针对老年人的听力康复服务还有较长的路要走。     

糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变

目的研究糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道的改变及增加葡萄糖代谢对其的作用。方法取体重150～200g的雄性SpragueDawley大鼠,腹腔注射链脲菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病模型,采用酶解法获得单个心室肌细胞,应用膜片钳全细胞记录技术记录钾电流。结果糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞瞬间外向性钾流(Ito)密度较对照组显著降低[ 60mV时,分别为(15.90±1.19)pA/pF(n=25)和(28.55±0.97)pA/pF(n=12),P<0.001];分别用100nmol/L胰岛素及1.5mmol/L二氯乙酸在体外预处理心室肌细胞4～5h和3～4h使Ito密度恢复至对照组水平[ 60mV时,分别为(29.40±0.38)pA/pF(n=20)和(27.35±0.97)pA/pF(n=12)]。结论糖尿病大鼠心室肌细胞钾通道功能发生改变,增加葡萄糖代谢可逆转这一改变,提示葡萄糖代谢与Ito功能间存在一定关系。     

Sex Differences in Ethanol-induced Dopamine Release in Nucleus Accumbens and in Ethanol Consumption in Rats

In vivo microdialysis was used to examine changes in nucleus accumbens and striatal dopamine, dihydrophenylacetic acid (DO-PAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) following acute administration of ethanol (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg) in male and female Long-Evans rats. Following dialysis, rats were trained to bar-press for oral ethanol reinforcement. In nucleus accumbens, females showed significant increases in extracellular dopamine following 0.25 or 0.5 g/ kg ethanol, but did not show significant increases over baseline at the higher doses. Males showed slight increases in dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. In striatum, both sexes showed increased dopamine at the lower doses and decreased dopamine at 2.0 g/kg. There were slight increases in nucleus accumbens DOPAC and HVA at some doses in both sexes, but no changes in striatal metabolite levels. In addition to showing increased responsiveness to ethanol-induced mesolimbic dopamine stimulation, females consumed more ethanol than males during behavioral testing. The pattern of both greater ethanol-induced nucleus accumbens dopamine release and greater ethanol consumption in females supports the hypothesis that ethanol reward is mediated, at least in part, by the mesolimbic dopamine system.     

Epstein-Barr virus in malignancies in renal transplant recipients in Japan

A role for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of malignancies including lymphomas, and carcinoma of the stomach, nasopharynx, thymus and salivary gland is suggested. It is indicated that EBV evokes polyclonal-B-cell-proliferative diseases in immunocompromised hosts, such as transplant patients, which results in monoclonal malignant lymphomas. The suppression of immune functions in these patients is thought to lead to incomplete elimination of the cells expressing EBV latent infection genes. To examine the etiological role of EBV in the development of malignancies following renal transplant in Japan, 42 malignancies in 1744 cases of renal transplant were studied for the presence and type of EBV. The polymerase chain reaction revealed that 5 malignancies were positive for EBV, all type A: 2 of 2 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), 2 of 8 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma of the common type, and 1 of 2 cases of gastric plasmacytoma. In situ hybridization revealed positive signals in the nucleus of tumor cells in 2 cases of NHL and 1 of plasmacytoma. Positive signals were found in the small lymphoid cells but not in the tumor cells in 2 cases of gastric carcinoma. On the basis of these findings, a role for EBV in the development of malignancies in renal transplant patients is unlikely except for lymphoid neoplasias.Abbreviations PCB polymerase chain reaction - EBV Epstein-Barr virus - NHL non-Hodgkin's lymphoma