血清非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇对老年非吸烟人群冠心病发生及冠状动脉狭窄程度的影响

目的 探讨血清非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)对老年非吸烟人群冠心病(CHD)发生及冠状动脉狭窄程度的影响。方法 选择2016年6月至2019年6月因胸痛于承德市中心医院入院,并行冠状动脉造影检查的360例≥65周岁的老年非吸烟患者为研究对象,根据是否发生冠心病将患者分为非CHD组(110例)与CHD组(250例)。根据冠状动脉狭窄程度积分(Gensini积分,轻度病变组、重度病变组)与病变累及冠状动脉支数(单支病变组、双支病变组、多支病变组),将250例CHD患者进一步分组,比较各组临床资料、生化指标及冠状动脉造影结果。采用SPSS 25.0统计软件进行数据分析。根据数据类型,分别采用t检验、方差分析、Mann-Whitney U检验或χ²检验进行组间比较。采用Spearman相关分析non-HDL-C与Gensini积分的相关性。采用logistic回归分析重度CHD的危险因素。通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价CHD的诊断效能。结果 CHD组的尿酸(UA)、脂蛋白-a(Lp-a)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)水平均高于非CHD组(P＜0.05)。与轻度病变组相比,重度病变组的Lp-a、TC、HDL-C、non-HDL-C水平更高(P＜0.05)。随着冠状动脉病变累及支数的增多,non-HDL-C水平、Gensini积分明显更高;且随着血清non-HDL-C水平的增高,冠状动脉Gensini积分亦增高(P＜0.05)。Spearman相关性分析显示,non-HDL-C与Gensini积分呈明显正相关(r=0.812,P＜0.001)。logistic回归分析显示,non-HDL-C是CHD患者重度冠状动脉病变的独立危险因素。ROC曲线显示,当血清non-HDL-C水平为3.58mmol/L时诊断效能最高,曲线下面积为0.837(95%CI 0.803~0.870),灵敏度、特异度分别为64.20%和96.70%。结论 非吸烟老年CHD患者以冠状动脉多支病变及重度狭窄多见,血清non-HDL-C是影响老年CHD患者冠状动脉病情严重程度的独立危险因素,且其对CHD的诊断具有较高效能。     

冠心病患者经调脂治疗后血清小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平的变化

目的探讨冠心病(CHD)患者经调脂治疗后血清小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(sdLDLC)水平变化。方法收集2016年3月至7月同期选取1065例CHD患者及469名健康对照者血液标本。直接测定法检测血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)及sdLDLC水平,酶法检测血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)水平。建立健康对照组参考区间。根据CHD患者经调脂治疗后血清LDLC水平,确定调脂后LDLC达标组和强化调脂后LDLC达标组。比较各组血脂指标,分析比较sdLDLC水平和sdLDLC/LDLC比值的变化。结果 (1)调脂治疗后CHD组与健康对照组比较,TG、HDLC、sdLDLC/LDLC比值两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05),TC、LDLC及sdLDLC水平两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)调脂LDLC达标组与健康对照组比较,sdLDLC/LDLC比值增高(P0.05),sdLDLC水平两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);调脂达标者中有2.3%CHD患者sdLDLC水平和7.7%CHD患者sdLDLC/LDLC比值高于本研究建立的参考区间。(3)强化调脂LDLC达标组sdLDLC水平较健康对照组降低(P0.05),sdLDLC/LDLC比值较健康对照组增高(P0.05);强化调脂达标者中有0.8%CHD患者sdLDLC水平和15.3%CHD患者sdLDLC/LDLC比值高于本研究建立的参考区间。结论 CHD患者调脂治疗及强化调脂治疗中血清sdLDLC水平及sdLDLC/LDLC比值的变化,对残存的心血管事件风险分析具有重要意义;降低sdLDLC水平可能是最终降低CHD发生风险的重要指标之一。     

血清胆红素和血脂的综合指数与冠心病的关系研究

目的探讨血清胆红素与血脂的综合指数与冠心病(CHD)的关系.方法将80名行冠状动脉造影术的患者分为2组:CHD组与对照组(冠状动脉正常).测定血清总胆红素水平(TBIL),总胆固醇(TC),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),计算出其综合指数:LDL-C/(HDL-C TBIL)和TC/(HDL-C TBIL),分析其与CHD之间的关系.结果CHD患者血清TBIL水平明显低于非冠心病患者(P＜0.05).CHD患者总胆固醇(TC),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),LDL-C/(HDL-C TBIL)比值,TC/(HDL-C TBIL)比值水平明显高于冠状动脉正常组(P＜0.05).进行Logistic回归分析,TC,LDL-C,LDL-C/(HDL-C TBIL),TC/(HDL-C TBIL)可引入Logistic回归模型,它们为CHD的危险因素.结论CHD的发生与TBIL的降低有一定的相关性,综合考虑血脂、血清胆红素与血脂的综合指数有助于CHD的诊断.     

血清Lp-PLA2 GGT与冠心病及冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性分析

目的分析血清脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)、γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)与冠心病(CHD)及冠状动脉病变严重程度的相关性。方法选择2018-06~2019-06于郑州大学第二附属医院心内科首次就诊的170例疑似CHD患者的临床资料,根据冠状动脉造影检查结果分为CHD组(103例)和非CHD组(67例)。检测患者血清Lp-PLA2、GGT水平,分析血清Lp-PLA2、GGT与CHD及冠状动脉病变严重程度的关系。结果CHD组Lp-PLA2、GGT、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、Gensin积分水平以及合并高血压、糖尿病人数比例显著高于非CHD组(P<0.05),而高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平显著低于非CHD组(P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析结果显示,CHD患者血清Lp-PLA2、GGT水平与冠状动脉病变支数呈正相关(rs=0.681,P=0.000;rs=0.603,P=0.000)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,CHD患者血清Lp-PLA2、GGT水平与Gensin积分呈正相关(r=0.799,P=0.000;r=0.621,P=0.000)。多因素logistic分析结果显示,较高水平的Lp-PLA₂、GGT和LDL,以及合并高血压是促进CHD发生的危险因素(P<0.05);而较高水平的HDL是抑制CHD发生的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论较高水平的血清Lp-PLA2、GGT是促进CHD发生的危险因素,可较好地反映冠状动脉病变严重程度,可作为评估CHD发生、进展的可靠指标。     

绝经期前女性冠心病的临床特点及危险因素分析

目的探讨绝经期前女性冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(CHD)的临床特点及相关危险因素。方法入选绝经期前女性CHD患者450例,并抽取同期通过冠状动脉造影确诊无CHD的400例女性患者作为对照。比较两组患者高血压、糖尿病、家族史、吸烟等危险因素及临床情况的差异。随访1年。结果 CHD组患者的高血压、糖尿病、吸烟和高血压家族史、糖尿病家族史、早期CHD家族史的比例均高于对照组(均为P<0.05)。两组患者的血脂水平(包括总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇)和体质指数,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,早期CHD家族史(OR:4.669,95%CI:1.982～22.577,P=0.018)和高血压病史(OR:3.665,95%CI:1.153～11.586,P=0.028)是绝经期前女性患CHD的独立危险因素。结论绝经期前的女性CHD患者常同时合并多种危险因素,高血压和早期CHD家族史是绝经期前女性患CHD的独立危险因素。需提高对绝经期前女性CHD高危人群的警惕性。     

青年男性冠心病患者危险因素及冠状动脉病变特点分析

目的探讨青年男性冠心病(CHD)患者危险因素及冠状动脉病变特点。方法入选2014年10月至2015年7月于天津市胸科医院心内科住院行冠状动脉造影的222例患者为研究对象,根据其年龄、检查结果分为青年CHD组(年龄≤45岁,n=82)、老年CHD组(年龄≥60岁,n=80)、青年对照组(年龄≤45岁,n=60)三组。对三组患者的一般资料及临床指标进行统计学分析,比较青年CHD组与老年CHD组的冠状动脉病变特点,采用logistic回归分析青年男性CHD患者的独立危险因素。结果青年CHD组与老年CHD组及青年对照组比较,部分基线数据及临床资料有显著统计学差异(P0.05)。青年男性CHD冠状动脉病变多为单支病变且多累及左冠状动脉前降支。青年CHD组Gensini积分在0~24分的比例明显多于老年CHD组(P0.05),而Gensini积分60分的比例明显低于老年CHD组(P0.05)。以青年对照组为参照,logistic回归分析显示吸烟、高脂血症、高血压、糖尿病、CHD家族史为青年男性CHD患者独立危险因素。结论吸烟、高脂血症、高血压、糖尿病、CHD家族史是青年男性CHD患者的独立危险因素,青年男性CHD患者冠状动脉病变以单支病变为主且多累及前降支,病变范围、程度较老年男性轻。     

冠心病患者及高危人群血脂异常分析

目的 :观察甘肃地区冠心病 (CHD)和高危人群的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)的异常情况。方法 :分析 2 2 0例冠状动脉造影 (CAG)确诊的CHD者 (CHD组 )及 90例富含CHD危险因素、CAG阴性的非CHD者(NCHD组 )的总胆固醇 (TC) ,三酰甘油 (TG) ,LDL C ,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)水平及异常率。结果 :与NCHD组相比 ,CHD组的平均TC和LDL C水平明显增高 ,HDL C水平降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。CHD组LDL C和HDL C异常率明显大于NCHD组 ,分别为 6 8.6 % :4 6 .7%和 5 0 % :2 6 .7% (均P <0 .0 1)。CHD组患者LDL C水平的达标率为 33%左右。结论 :LDL C水平升高和HDL C水平降低是该地区CHD发生和发展的关键。CHD及其高危人群中他汀类药物的应用应加强并且有很大空间。通过药物开发提高HDL C水平在防治CHD事件将有很好的前景     

老年冠心病患者高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与冠状动脉狭窄程度的相关性

目的 评价高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)与老年冠心病(CHD)患者冠状动脉狭窄程度的相关性.方法 选择行冠脉造影的住院患者279例,其中临床确诊为CHD患者228例,用Gensini评分系统对冠状动脉造影结果评分,按评分结果CHD患者分为轻度狭窄组、中度狭窄组和重度狭窄组,分别检测各组患者的总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、HDL-C、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),游离脂肪酸(FFA)、载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)、脂蛋白LP(a),进行one-way ANOVA检验和Logistic回归分析.结果 CHD组HDL-C、ApoA1较非CHD组显著降低,而TC和LDL-C显著增加,随冠脉狭窄严重程度的升高,TC水平升高而HDL-C水平降低.Logistic回归分析结果显示HDL-C与CHD及冠状动脉狭窄程度呈负相关,而TC与CHD及冠状动脉狭窄程度呈正相关.结论 HDL-C异常与老年CHD患者的关系密切,可作为老年CHD患者的独立危险因素.     

高龄冠心病患者冠状动脉病变程度与血脂参数及超敏C反应蛋白水平的关系

目的探讨高龄冠心病(CHD)患者冠状动脉病变程度与血脂参数及超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平的关系。方法根据其冠状动脉造影结果将入选的150例研究对象分为CHD组(113例)和非CHD组(37例);根据狭窄冠脉支数将CHD组患者分为单支病变组(43例)、两支病变组(55例)和多支病变组(15例);计算患者Gensini积分并根据结果将其进一步分为30分组(49例)、30～60分组(45例)和60分组(19例),对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 CHD组的hs-CRP水平明显高于非CHD组,射血分数(EF)明显低于非CHD组(P0.05);CHD患者hs-CRP、血三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)比值(L/H)、TG/HDL-C、血浆致动脉粥样硬化指数(AIP)及非HDL-C(nHDL-C)水平随病变血管支数增加而升高(P0.05,P0.01),hs-CRP、总胆固醇(TC)、TG、LDL-C、L/H、TG/HDL-C、AIP及nHDL-C水平随Gensini积分增加而升高。结论 hs-CRP配合血脂参数对高龄冠心病的诊断及病情判断有着重要意义。     

老年非酒精性脂肪性肝病合并冠心病患者临床特点及危险因素分析*

目的 探讨老年非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者合并冠心病(CHD)的临床特点及危险因素。方法 2018年5月～2020年6月我院收治的186例老年NAFLD患者,接受冠状动脉造影诊断冠心病,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析合并CHD的影响因素。结果 在186例老年NAFLD患者中,75例(40.3%)合并CHD;CHD组合并糖尿病、高血压、吸烟和空腹血糖(FPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)与非CHD组比,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);经多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,BMI超标、合并糖尿病、血清FPG、TC、TG和LDL-C水平均为老年NAFLD患者合并CHD的独立危险因素(P均<0.05)。结论 老年NAFLD患者合并CHD发生率较高,并存在显著的独立危险因素,需做好针对性的筛查和防治,以减少CHD的发生,提高老年人生活质量。     

自身免疫与动脉粥样硬化的发生发展

在动脉粥样硬化的发生发展过程中,自身免疫具有重要作用,本文就近年有关动脉粥样硬化的免疫机制的研究进展作一简要综述.     

Medical and Psychology Students' Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Aging and Sexuality

The current study surveys medical and doctoral psychology students (N = 100) from an urban northeastern university regarding knowledge and attitudes toward elderly sexuality and aging using the Facts on Aging Quiz, the Aging Sexuality Knowledge and Attitudes Scale, and measures of interest in gerontology, academic/clinical exposure to aging and sexuality, and contact with elders. The current study found that psychology students demonstrated greater aging knowledge than medical students; however, both groups showed gaps in knowledge about sexuality. Married students had greater academic/clinical exposure and greater knowledge about aging but less permissive attitudes toward elderly sexuality. Generally, knowledge about aging was the strongest correlate of knowledge about sexuality. Level of knowledge about sexuality was not associated with attitudes. Attitudes toward sexuality and aging may be more strongly tied to demographic variables reflective of religious beliefs or adherence to sociocultural norms.     

Leptin and cellular and innate immunity in abstinent alcoholics and controls

BACKGROUND: Basic studies indicate that in vitro and in vivo doses of leptin modulate cellular immune responses. Given evidence that concentrations of leptin are altered in alcoholics who also show immune abnormalities, this study examined the relationships between circulating levels of leptin and markers of cellular and innate immunity. METHODS: Circulating levels of leptin, natural killer cell (NK) activity, interleukin-2 (IL-2)-stimulated NK activity, and concanavalin A-stimulated production of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12 were compared between abstinent DSM-IV alcohol-dependent men (n = 27) and age- and gender-matched controls (n = 34). RESULTS: As compared with controls, alcoholics showed lower NK activity (p < 0.01) and a trend for lower levels of leptin (p = 0.055). In the total sample, leptin predicted NK activity (beta = 0.33; p < 0.05) after controlling for the confounding influence of body mass index, alcohol intake, and smoking. Leptin was not correlated with any of the cytokine measures. To examine whether the effects of leptin were mediated by its direct action on NK, additional studies examined in vitro effects of leptin on NK activity in healthy volunteers (n = 10); leptin doses (0.1, 1, and 10 nM) yielded levels of NK activity comparable to those with media alone. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that circulating levels of leptin are associated with NK activity in humans and suggest that abnormal in vivo concentrations of leptin may contribute to the declines of NK activity in alcoholics who are at risk for infectious diseases.     

Cement and Concrete Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Concrete science is a multidisciplinary area of research where nanotechnology potentially offers the opportunity to enhance the understanding of concrete behavior, to engineer its properties and to lower production and ecological cost of construction materials. Recent work at the National Research Council Canada in the area of concrete materials research has shown the potential of improving concrete properties by modifying the structure of cement hydrates, addition of nanoparticles and nanotubes and controlling the delivery of admixtures. This article will focus on a review of these innovative achievements.     

慢性饮酒、吸烟与骨质疏松的相关性研究

目的 探讨长期大量慢性饮酒、吸烟等不良生活方式与骨质疏松的关系.方法 以乏力、腰背痛、双下肢酸困为主诉,且有长期大量慢性饮酒史、吸烟史,无其他慢性疾病史的年轻男性患者45例为观察对象,测定其血钙(Ca)、血磷(P)和血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、血糖(Glu)、天门冬酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸基转移酶(ALT)、血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甲状腺功能、全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)、1,25-二羟维生素D3[1,25-(OH) 2D3]、双能X线骨密度仪测定腰椎L1-4及左侧股骨近段(包括颈、股骨颈上部、大粗隆)骨密度(BMD),分析饮酒、吸烟对骨量的影响.以感冒发热就诊、年龄相当、无饮酒、吸烟史及慢性疾病史的45例男性为对照组.结果 观察组1,25(OH)2D3水平均降低,血钙水平偏低,血磷正常,碱性磷酸酶呈不同程度地升高,骨密度T值提示观察组27例骨质疏松,12例骨量减少,6例正常骨量;而对照组仅有6例为骨量减少,1例骨质疏松,38例为正常骨量,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 长期慢性大量饮酒吸烟影响骨量,甚至易导致骨质疏松.     

Immune and serologic profiles of HIV-infected and noninfected hemophilic children and adolescents

Objectives: To assess relationships among the effects of HIV on hemophilic children and adolescents' immunologic parameters and vaccine-related serology. Methods: We analyzed data from extensive baseline immunologic evaluations of 207 HIV antibody-positive (HIV+) and 126 HIV antibody-negative (HIV?) hemophilic children and adolescents. Results: HIV+ and HIV- participants differed significantly in T-lymphocyte subpopulation numbers, immunoglobulin levels, and seroprevalence rates for diphtheria toxoid, measles, and mumps antigens. IgG levels, IgM levels, and serologic titers to vaccine antigens showed little correlation with T-cell parameters. Proportionately more HIV+ participants were nonreactive to each and all of a panel of 7 skin test antigens (71 % vs 28% anerglc, RR 2.6). The odds of anergy increased 1.6 times for every decline of 200 CD4 ± cells/μTl. Conclusions: HIV had significant, largely independent T- and B-lymphocyte effects on this pediatric cohort. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

ADH and ALDH Polymorphisms and Alcohol Dependence in Mexican and Native Americans

Background: Ethanol is primarily metabolized in the liver by two rate-limiting reactions: conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and subsequent conversion of acetaldehyde to acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). ADH and ALDH exist in multiple isozymes that differ in their kinetic properties. Notably, polymorphisms within the genes that encode for these isozymes vary in their allele frequencies between ethnic groups, and thus, they have been considered as candidate genes that may differentially influence risk for the development of alcohol dependence across ethnic groups. Objectives and methods: Associations between alcohol dependence and polymorphisms in ADH1B, ADH1C, and ALDH2 were compared in a community sample of Native Americans (n 791) living on reservations and Mexican Americans (n 391) living within the same county. Results: Two Mexican Americans and no Native Americans possessed one ALDH2*2 allele. Presence of at least one ADH1B*2 allele was found in 7% of the Native Americans and 13% of the Mexican Americans, but was only associated with protection against alcohol dependence in the Mexican Americans. Presence of at least one ADH1B*3 allele was found in 4% of the Native Americans and 2% of the Mexican Americans, but was associated with protection against alcohol dependence only in the Native Americans. No associations between alcohol dependence and polymorphisms in ADH1C were found. Conclusions and Scientific Significance: Polymorphisms in ADH1B are protective against alcoholism in these two populations; however, these findings do not explain the high prevalence of alcoholism in these populations.