特发性全葡萄膜炎32例临床分析

目的探讨特发性全葡萄膜炎的临床表现、治疗、预后及致盲原因。方法连续收集近两年在我院就诊的特发性全葡萄膜炎患者32例(47只眼),对其发病年龄、眼部表现、治疗、致盲原因及预后进行回顾性分析。结果在32例患者中,男20例,女12例;平均年龄37.8岁。32例患者中,双眼受累15例,单眼受累17例。就诊时以视力下降为主诉者83.0%,以眼前黑影和视物变形就诊者17.0%。经局部及全身给予糖皮质激素、睫状肌麻痹剂和非甾体抗炎药治疗后,患眼视力有不同程度提高。主要致盲原因是严重的玻璃体混浊和并发性白内障。结论特发性全葡萄膜炎多见于青壮年人,男性略多于女性,致盲率高,积极控制眼部炎症是提高视力预后的关键。     

非感染性葡萄膜炎343例患者的分型、临床表现及并发症

目的　探讨非感染性葡萄膜炎患者的分型、临床表现及并发症。方法　选取2016年5月至2018年2月就诊于中山大学中山眼科中心葡萄膜炎专科并确诊为非感染性葡萄膜炎的患者343例（630眼）病历资料。记录入组患者一般资料,对患者进行详细的眼部检查。非感染性葡萄膜炎的诊断及分型参照2005年葡萄膜炎命名标准化工作组提出的相关标准。总结343例非感染性葡萄膜炎患者的分型、临床表现及并发症。结果　343例（630眼）非感染性葡萄膜炎患者中,56例单眼受累,287例双眼受累;男女比例为1.4∶1.0;发病年龄为21～50（36.3±12.4）岁。无明确病因的特发性患者122例,已明确病因患者221例,以Behcet病（30.3%）和VKH综合征（20.7%）最常见。343例非感染性葡萄膜炎患者按照炎症发生或累及的解剖部位分类,全葡萄膜炎（177/343,51.6%）占比最多,其他依次为中间葡萄膜炎（72/343,21.0%）、后葡萄膜炎（53/343,15.4%）、前葡萄膜炎（41/343,12.0%）。104例Behcet病性葡萄膜炎患者中出现复发性口腔溃疡91例、结节性红斑37例。71例VKH综合征性葡萄膜炎患者出现耳鸣39例、皮肤及毛发异常11例、头皮痛或感觉异常9例。343例非感染性葡萄膜炎患者眼部并发症以白内障（228例）最为常见,其次分别是视神经萎缩（39例）、黄斑萎缩（38例）和继发性青光眼（36例）。结论　非感染性葡萄膜炎患者中,全葡萄膜炎的发生率高于前葡萄膜炎;Behcet病性葡萄膜炎和VKH综合征性葡萄膜炎仍是我国最常见的全葡萄膜炎类型。     

前葡萄膜炎的临床诊治分析

目的 探讨前葡萄膜炎的临床特点、治疗效果、视力预后及诊治中存在的问题.方法 回顾性系列病例研究.收集2001年1月至2007年6月期间在天津市眼科医院诊治的各类前葡萄膜炎患者478例,男性281例,女性197例;平均发病年龄(36±15)岁.通过详细临床检查、实验室检查和治疗观察,对其临床类型、疗效、并发症及视力预后进行分析.结果 急性前葡萄膜炎242例(50.6%),复发性前葡萄膜炎197例(41.2%),慢性前葡萄膜炎39例(8.2%).依据病因分为特发性前葡萄膜炎231例(48.3%),不伴有全身疾病的人类白细胞抗原-B27阳性葡萄膜炎76例(15.9%),病毒性葡萄膜炎52例(10.9%),合并强直性脊柱炎34例(7.1%),Fuchs综合征29例(6.1%),青光眼睫状体炎综合征24例(5.0%)及幼年性关节炎合并葡萄膜炎17例(3.6%).各种并发症发生率为31.6%(151例),轻度视力损害(低于0.5)发生率为11.1%(53例),中度和重度视力损害(低于0.3)为7.5%(36例),致肓率(低于0.05)为2.5%(12例).结论 前葡萄膜炎临床类型多样,特发性前葡萄膜炎、人类白细胞抗原-B27相关性前葡萄膜炎及病毒性前葡萄膜炎是常见类型,完善特异性实验室检查项目有助于病因诊断和给予适当治疗.     

儿童非感染性葡萄膜炎的药物治疗

儿童葡萄膜炎占所有葡萄膜炎的5％～10％,多数起病隐匿、病程迁延,常合并多种眼部并发症.儿童葡萄膜炎多为非感染性,其中绝大多数为特发性,最常见的全身病因为幼年特发性关节炎.儿童葡萄膜炎治疗棘手,常用药物为糖皮质激素、抗代谢药、T细胞抑制剂.近年来生物制剂的使用为儿童非感染性葡萄膜炎的治疗提供了新方法.玻璃体腔植入糖皮质激素缓释装置可长时间控制眼内炎症,但在儿童中使用的安全性及有效性仍待进一步研究.     

不同类型葡萄膜炎患者致病原因分析

目的：分析不同类型葡萄膜炎患者的致病原因。
　　方法：选取2012-06/2015-06在我院进行诊治的葡萄膜炎患者60例120眼,所有患者均由同一葡萄膜炎专科医生,按照统一诊疗规范进行检查。依据国际葡萄膜炎研究定制的标准,将其分为：前葡萄膜炎、中葡萄膜炎、后葡萄膜炎、全葡萄膜炎。观察患者的年龄、性别、葡萄膜炎类型及患病原因。
　　结果：通过对患者的病因及临床类型分析,所选葡萄膜炎患者主要特发性26眼(21.7%)、VKH 综合征18眼(15.0%)、HLA-B27相关性14眼(11.7%)、病毒性12眼(10.0%)、Fuchs 综合征8眼(6.7%)、Behcet 病8眼(6.7%)、糖尿病6眼(5.0%)、梅毒6眼(5.0%)、青光眼睫状体综合症6眼(5.0%)、幼年型慢性关节炎4眼(3.3%)、交感性眼炎4眼(3.3%)、外伤性2眼(1.7%)、类肉瘤2眼(1.7%)、眼内炎2眼(1.7%)、其他2眼(1.7%);通过对不同葡萄膜炎的病因观察,前葡萄膜炎病因主要有特发性病例,其次是HLA-B27相关性、病毒性;全葡萄膜炎的治病原因中以VKH综合征、特发性病例和Behcet病为主;后葡萄膜炎主要是特发性病例,其次是病毒性感染;中间葡萄膜炎以特发性病例为主。
　　结论：通过对临床患者观察分析,葡萄膜炎患者男性多于女性;特发性、VKH 综合征、病毒性伴发的葡萄膜炎和Behcet病是其常见的葡萄膜炎类型。     

FFA与OCT检查在葡萄膜炎诊疗中的价值

目的:研究眼底荧光血管造影(FFA)和光学相干断层扫描(OCT)检查在葡萄膜炎诊疗中的临床影像学价值.方法:选取2014-04/2016-04在本院接受治疗的葡萄膜炎患者共140例244眼,其中双眼发病患者104例208眼,单眼发病患者36例36眼,患者均经过病史询问、裂隙灯、检眼镜、眼B超等检查确诊是葡萄膜炎.依据葡萄膜炎的解剖部位分成:前葡萄膜炎患者72例132眼,中间葡萄膜炎患者24例48眼,后葡萄膜炎患者28例40眼,全葡萄膜炎患者16例24眼.对以上患者行FFA与OCT检查,评估患者眼底的病变情况.结果:前葡萄膜炎的检出率为46.2%,中间葡萄膜炎的检出率为43.8%,后葡萄膜炎的检出率为45.0%,全葡萄膜炎的检出率为54.2%,前葡萄膜炎患者出现的眼底炎症性病变多位于眼底周边部,后葡萄膜炎和全葡萄膜炎患者的眼底炎症主要位于后极部位.结论:FFA客观反映了葡萄膜炎对视网膜产生的影响,帮助了解患者脉络膜、视神经和视网膜的病变程度,从而使用合适的方法进行治疗;OCT则为患者提供了客观、直接的评价手段.     

老年人内源性葡萄膜炎

本文对47例老年人(年龄≥60岁)内源性葡萄膜炎进行临床分析,发现:发病年龄越大所占比例越少,男稍多于女(1.2:1),前葡萄膜炎最多,28例(59.57%),全葡萄膜炎次之,18例(38.30%),后葡萄膜炎少见,仅1例(2.13%),未发现中间葡萄膜炎。非肉芽肿型(34例)明显多于肉芽肿型(13例).主要并发症为继发性青光眼(22例),并发性白内障(16例)。免疫学检查发现患者有免疫调节不平衡现象,多伴有与免疫有关的全身性疾病.治愈率为40.58%,无效及恶化率为17.39%。治疗后矫正视力低于0.3者达62.32%,因此应引起重视及进—步研究.     

葡萄膜炎的临床类型及病因探讨

目的 探讨葡萄膜炎的临床类型、病因及其发病年龄和性别构成。 方法 对1996年1月至2001年12月，于中山眼科中心葡萄膜炎专科就诊的葡萄膜炎患者的资料进行回顾性分析，特别是按照解剖位置分类并结合病因分类方法，对葡萄膜炎的病因、类型进行探讨，并就发病的年龄和性别等因素进行分析讨论。 结果 各种类型葡萄膜炎患者共计1 214例，男698人，女516人，平均发病年龄34-43岁。其中前葡萄膜炎546例，占所有患者的44.98%；全葡萄膜炎530例，占43.66%；中间葡萄膜炎78例，占6.43%；后葡萄膜炎60例，占4.94%。能够确定病因或归于特定类型的患者共703例，占57.91%，其余为特发性患者511例。前葡萄膜炎中特发性患者最多，共316例占57.88%，其次为Fuchs综合征85例和关节强直性脊椎炎45例；全葡萄膜炎中最常见的类型为BehÇet病218例(41.13%)和Vogt-小柳原田综合征196例(36.98%)；中间和后葡萄膜炎均为特发性。 结论 葡萄膜炎多发于青壮年；男性患者整体上稍多于女性；常见类型为特发性前葡萄膜炎、BehÇet小柳原田综合征等；解剖位置结合病因进行分类是较为合理的葡萄膜炎分类方法。 (中华眼底病杂志, 2002, 18: 253-255)     

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada综合征的临床表现及诊断

目的 探讨Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada(VKH)综合征患者的临床特征.盲目原因及诊断等有关问题.方法 对在1996年1月至2000年12月间就诊资料完整的157例VKH综合征患者进行回顾性分析,并对裂隙灯,眼底镜,三面镜,荧光素眼底血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA),吲哚青绿血管造影(indocyanine green angiography,ICGA)及人类白细胞抗原(HLA)分型等检查结果进行分析.结果 VKH综合征最常见的前驱症状为头痛(102例,73.5%),双眼同时患病118例(80.8%);后葡萄膜炎期眼部主要表现为脉络膜炎,视乳头及附近视网膜水肿(100.0%);前葡萄膜炎反复发作期眼部表现为复发性肉芽肿性前葡萄膜炎(128例,98.4%),晚霞状眼底改变(95.8%)及Dalen-Fuchs结节(71.2%),后葡萄膜炎期,前葡萄膜受累期及前葡萄膜炎反复发作期导致盲目的主要原因分别为视乳头炎,视网膜脱离及并发性白内障;毛发变白(36.3%)及脱发(35.0%)是最常见的眼外表现;炎症活动期FFA典型表现为斑驳状高荧光,ICGA发现脉络膜血管扩张,通透性增高等改变;VKH综合征患者HLA-DR4及HLA-DRw53的阳性率(54.9%及71.8%)显著高于正常对照组(14.7%及38.2%).结论 VKH综合征患者在后葡萄膜炎期眼部典型表现为双侧脉络膜炎,视乳头炎或神经视网膜炎,随后出现以反复发作的肉芽肿性前葡萄膜炎为特征的全葡萄膜炎.眼外症状及相关的辅助检查包括FFA,ICGA及HLA分型等有助于VKH综合征的诊断。     

玻璃体手术治疗中间葡萄膜炎玻璃体视网膜并发症的临床效果

目的 探讨玻璃体手术治疗中间葡萄膜炎玻璃体视网膜并发症的临床效果.方法 为系列病例研究.选择16例(16只眼)并发玻璃体视网膜疾病的中间葡萄膜炎患者进行玻璃体手术治疗.术后随访5～32个月,平均(14.25±7.90)个月.随访期间观察患者视力、术后并发症及中间葡萄膜炎的复发情况.结果 16例(16只眼)患者中,有4例分别患有肺结核、多发性硬化、Beheet综合征及风湿性关节炎等全身性疾病,其余12例无系统性疾病.术前所有患者均有糖皮质激素治疗史,使用时间为6～16个月,平均(9.94±2.67)个月.玻璃体视网膜并发症包括重度玻璃体混浊伴机化5只眼,牵引性视网膜脱离6只眼,孔源性视网膜脱离1只眼,玻璃体积血2只眼,黄斑前膜伴玻璃体机化2只眼,所有患眼均出现周边部视网膜新生血管.术后并发白内障3只眼,牵引性视网膜脱离1只眼.术后4例患者需长期服用糖皮质激素或联合免疫抑制剂治疗.术后视力提高或保持不变14只眼,视力下降2只眼,与术前视力比较差异有统计学意义(x2=4.923,P＜0.05).术后未见中间葡萄膜炎复发者.结论 对严重或药物控制不佳而出现玻璃体视网膜并发症的中间葡萄膜炎患者采用经平坦部的玻璃体手术治疗,可以明显改善患者视力,减少长期使用免疫抑制剂治疗的不良反应.     

102例少年儿童葡萄膜炎临床分析

目的 观察分析少年儿童葡萄膜炎的病程、病因及并发症.方法 回顾分析102例少年儿童葡萄膜炎患者的临床资料.患儿年龄2.5～16.0岁,平均年龄11.9岁.均进行常规视力、裂隙灯显微镜、检眼镜检查以及相关实验室检查.根据国际葡萄膜炎研究组制定的根据解削位置分类的标准对疾病进行诊断、分类.回顾分析时,对患者发病眼别、复发情况、炎症部位、病因、并发症等临床资料进行归纳比较.结果 102例葡萄膜炎患儿共170只眼受累,双眼受累68例,占66.6%.前葡萄膜炎38例,占37.3%;中间葡萄膜炎19例,占18.6%;后葡萄膜炎10例,占9.8%;全葡萄膜炎35例,占34.3%.发病至就诊时间为5 d～2.4年,平均发病时间3.6个月,治疗及随访时间为2周～10余年.病因前3位为幼年慢性关节炎、Vogt-Koyanagi Harada综合征、Behcet病.36例患儿发生并发症,包括并发性白内障19例,继发性青光眼7例,角膜带状变性5例,虹膜前后粘连12例,继发性视网膜脱离1例,眼球萎缩2例.因幼年慢性关节炎全身和局部使用糖皮质激素出现双侧股骨头坏死而行双髋关节置换1例.有10例患儿出现2种以上并发症.结论 少年儿童葡萄膜炎病因复杂多样,症状多不典型,疾病过程迁延慢长,易出现并发症导致盲目产生.     

Pattern of childhood-onset uveitis in a referral center in Tunisia, North Africa

PURPOSE: To analyze the pattern of childhood uveitis in a referral center in Tunisia, North Africa. METHODS:The study included 64 patients with uveitis examined at the Department of Ophthalmology of Monastir (Tunisia) from January 1994 to July 2005. All patients had a comprehensive ocular and systemic history, including an extensive review of medical systems. Complete ophthalmic examination was performed in all cases, including best-corrected Snellen visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, applanation tonometry, and dilated fundus examination with 3-mirror lens. Standard diagnostic criteria were employed for all syndromes or entities of uveitis. RESULTS: The mean age at onset of uveitis was 12.4 years. The male-to-female ratio was 0.68. The process was unilateral in 51.6% of patients. Mean follow-up was 43.2 months. Anterior and intermediate uveitis each represented 31.25% of cases, posterior uveitis 20.3%, and panuveitis 17.2%. Noninfectious uveitis (75%) was the most frequent type of inflammation. Idiopathic uveitis was found in 50% of patients. Infectious uveitis was responsible for 25% of the cases, with toxoplasmosis (14.1%) being the most frequent cause. Twenty percent of the patients had systemic associations; juvenile idiopathic arthritis was found in 6.25%. Ocular complications occurred in 74.7% of affected eyes, of which the most common were posterior synechiae (28.4%), cataract (17.9%), cystoid macular edema (19%), and optic disc edema (32.6%). Fifty-seven affected eyes (60%) had a final visual acuity more than 20/40 and nine (9.5%) had a final visual acuity less than 20/200. CONCLUSIONS: In a hospital population in Tunisia, a specific cause of uveitis in children was found in half the patients. Idiopathic intermediate uveitis was the leading cause of uveitis in our study, followed by idiopathic anterior uveitis and toxoplasmosis. Uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis was rare. Visual prognosis appeared to be good.     

Clinical analysis of uveitis

Uveitis can be classified in a variety of ways and this fact makes it difficult to compare results. Therefore we classified uveitis by the location with the method of Henderly; anterior-, posterior-, intermediate- and panuveitis. We determined the frequency of occurrence, etiology and clinical characteristics of various forms of uveitis. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 683 patients with uveitis seen at Seoul National University Hospital from January 1978, to December 1987. The results were as follows. 1. 192 cases (28.1%) occurred as anterior uveitis, 218 cases (31.9%) as posterior uveitis, 166 cases (24.3%) as panuveitis and 107 cases (15.7%) as pars planitis. Posterior uveitis was the most common form of uveitis. 2. In cases of anterior uveitis, 142 cases (74.0%) were idiopathic, traumatic uveitis was seen in 18 cases. In posterior-uveitis, 111 cases (50.9%) were idiopathic, retinal vasculitis including Eales' disease in 60 cases (27.5%), toxoplasmosis in 23 cases (10.6%). In cases of panuveitis, idiopathic form occurred in 80 cases (48.2%), Beh?et's disease in 41 cases (24.7%). The idiopathic form was the most common entity in all locations of uveitis.     

Pattern of Childhood-Onset Uveitis in a Referral Center in Tunisia,North Africa

Purpose: To analyze the pattern of childhood uveitis in a referral center in Tunisia, North Africa. Methods:The study included 64 patients with uveitis examined at the Department of Ophthalmology of Monastir (Tunisia) from January 1994 to July 2005. All patients had a comprehensive ocular and systemic history, including an extensive review of medical systems. Complete ophthalmic examination was performed in all cases, including best-corrected Snellen visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, applanation tonometry, and dilated fundus examination with 3-mirror lens. Standard diagnostic criteria were employed for all syndromes or entities of uveitis. Results: The mean age at onset of uveitis was 12.4 years. The male-to-female ratio was 0.68. The process was unilateral in 51.6% of patients. Mean follow-up was 43.2 months. Anterior and intermediate uveitis each represented 31.25% of cases, posterior uveitis 20.3%, and panuveitis 17.2%. Noninfectious uveitis (75%) was the most frequent type of inflammation. Idiopathic uveitis was found in 50% of patients. Infectious uveitis was responsible for 25% of the cases, with toxoplasmosis (14.1%) being the most frequent cause. Twenty percent of the patients had systemic associations; juvenile idiopathic arthritis was found in 6.25%. Ocular complications occurred in 74.7% of affected eyes, of which the most common were posterior synechiae (28.4%), cataract (17.9%), cystoid macular edema (19%), and optic disc edema (32.6%). Fifty-seven affected eyes (60%) had a final visual acuity more than 20/40 and nine (9.5%) had a final visual acuity less than 20/200. Conclusions: In a hospital population in Tunisia, a specific cause of uveitis in children was found in half the patients. Idiopathic intermediate uveitis was the leading cause of uveitis in our study, followed by idiopathic anterior uveitis and toxoplasmosis. Uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis was rare. Visual prognosis appeared to be good.     

Uveitis in Childhood: An Italian Clinical and Epidemiological Study

Purpose: To investigate demographics, causes, features, and visual outcomes of pediatric uveitis. Methods: Retrospective cohort study including 257 patients younger than 16 years. Results: Mean age at onset of uveitis was 8.54 ± 3.98 years; 54.5% of the patients were girls. Anterior uveitis occurred in 47.8%, intermediate in 19.4%, posterior in 24.9%, panuveitis in 7.8%. Ocular involvement was bilateral in 67.8%. Infectious uveitis represented 31% of all cases. Causes of severe visual loss were cataract, macular scars, macular edema/maculopathy, and secondary glaucoma. At follow-up 79.3% of eyes maintained a visual acuity between 20/32 and 20/20. Conclusions: Uveitis is rarer in children than in adults. Patients with anterior uveitis comprised the largest group. Posterior uveitis in the pediatric population has a lower incidence than some decades ago. Visual prognosis of pediatric uveitis is improving, owing to an earlier diagnosis and a correct treatment.     

Pattern of uveitis in a referral centre in Tunisia, North Africa

AIM: To analyse the pattern of uveitis in a referral centre in Tunisia, North Africa. METHODS: The study included 472 patients with uveitis examined at the Department of Ophthalmology of Monastir (Tunisia) from January 1992 to August 2003. All patients had a comprehensive ocular and systemic history, including an extensive review of medical systems. Complete ophthalmic examination was performed in all cases, including best-corrected Snellen visual acuity, slit-lamp examination, applanation tonometry, and dilated fundus examination with three-mirror lens. Standard diagnostic criteria were employed for all syndromes or entities of uveitis. RESULTS: The mean age at onset of uveitis was 34 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.1. Uveitis was unilateral in 282 patients (59.7%) and bilateral in 190 patients (40.3%). Anterior uveitis was most common (166 patients; 35.2%), followed by posterior uveitis (133 patients; 28.2%), panuveitis (100 patients; 21.2%), and intermediate uveitis (73 patients; 15.5%). A specific diagnosis was found in 306 patients (64.8%). The most common cause of anterior uveitis was herpetic uveitis (56 patients; 33.7%). Toxoplasmosis was the most frequent cause of posterior uveitis (51 patients; 38.3%). Intermediate uveitis was most commonly idiopathic (63 patients; 86.3%). Beh?et's disease was the most common cause of panuveitis (36 patients; 36%), followed by Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease (15 patients; 15%). A total of 16 patients (3.4%) suffered from blindness, and 59 (12.5%) from uniocular blindness. CONCLUSIONS: In a hospital population in Tunisia, the most common causes of uveitis were Beh?et's disease, herpes simplex infection, toxoplasmosis, and VKH disease.     

Demographic and Clinical Features of Pediatric Uveitis in Israel

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To report the epidemiology, etiology, ocular characteristics, treatment and visual outcome of pediatric uveitis in Israel.

Methods: Retrospective study from two tertiary uveitis centers.

Results: Included were 107 patients (182 eyes), 55% females. Mean age at diagnosis 8.8 years. Uveitis was predominantly anterior, idiopathic, bilateral, and chronic. Systemic associations were seen in 36% of patients of which the most common disease was juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Infectious uveitis accounted for 37% of posterior uveitis cases of which toxoplasmosis was the most common cause. Anterior segment complications were commonly observed at presentation (41%); the most predominant were posterior synechiae, cataract, and band keratopathy. The most common posterior segment complications were papillitis, epiretinal membrane, and macular atrophy/scar. Ninety-three percent of eyes had visual acuity >20/40 at last follow-up.

Conclusion: The pattern of pediatric uveitis in Israel is similar to that in the western world. Visual outcome was good in most eyes.