穿透性角膜移植治疗人工晶体植入术后大泡性角膜病变的临床观察

目的探讨穿透性角膜移植术治疗人工晶体植入术后大泡性角膜病变临床疗效。方法对21例（21眼）人工晶体植入术后大泡性角膜病变施行穿透性角膜移植术或穿透角膜移植联合手术，观察术后视力及植片情况。结果随访6～18个月，平均11．6个月，术后临床症状明显缓解或消失，视力较术前均有提高，其中矫正视力0．02以上17例（0．2以上7例）；术后继发性青光眼2例，内皮型排斥反应1例。结论穿透性角膜移植术是治疗人工晶体植入术后大泡性角膜病变的一种理想手术方式，不但缓解症状且能不同程度提高视力。     

自体角膜移植术的临床观察

目的 观察采用自体穿透角膜移植术或自体游离板层角膜瓣移植治疗角膜白斑及角膜穿孔的临床疗效.方法 采用自体穿透角膜移植术治疗角膜白斑4例（4眼）.自体游离板层角膜瓣移植修补8例（8眼）角膜穿孔（中央、周边）.结果 术后前房恢复,创口愈合好.术前视力光感～0.25.术后有不同程度提高.术后视力0.06～0.25者7眼,0.3～0.4者3眼,0.5～0.8者2眼.结论 自体角膜移植不存在排斥反应,具有操作简单,取材方便,疗效好,反应轻,并发症少的优点,是治疗角膜白斑及穿孔的一种有效术式.     

异体角膜磨镶术治疗伴角膜白斑无晶体眼的临床观察

对６例无晶体眼伴有角膜中央白斑或斑翳的患眼行异体角膜磨镶术，结果显示：３例术后矫正视力明显提高（０．３～０．５），３例术后视力０．１～０．２．对因眼部情况不宜行人工晶体植入术、穿透性角膜移植术和角膜白斑或角膜斑翳位于角膜中央而不适宜表面角膜镜片术的患者行异体角膜磨镶术，是一种有效的手术方法。     

穿透性角膜移植治疗人工晶状体植入术后大泡性角膜病变的临床观察

目的 评价穿透性角膜移植术治疗人工晶状体植入术后大泡性角膜病变临床疗效,探讨术中对原人工晶状体的处理。方法 对12例(12只眼)人工晶状体植入术后大泡性角膜病变施行穿透性角膜移植术或穿透性角膜移植术联合手术,观察术后角膜植片及视力变化。结果 随访6～16个月,平均11．2个月,术后临床症状明显缓解或消失,植片保持透明,视力较术前均有提高,其中矫正视力0．02以上11例(0．2以上4例);术后继发性青光眼1例,内皮型排斥反应1例。结论 穿透性角膜移植术是治疗人工晶状体植入术后大泡性角膜病变的一种理想手术方式,不仅能消除刺激症状且能增进视力。术中如何处理人工晶状体应视眼部具体情况。     

自体角膜为载体Boston人工角膜治疗复杂性角膜盲

目的评价复杂性角膜混浊患者使用自体角膜做载体的BostonI型人工角膜植入的临床效果。方法回顾性病例研究。10例角膜盲患者（10眼）,术眼病变严重,经至少2名以上国内著名角膜病专家会诊。无法通过角膜移植复明。其中严重碱烧伤7眼,爆炸伤1眼,角膜内皮失代偿多次角膜移植失败1眼．双眼病毒性角膜炎角膜严重血管化1眼。其中9例为双眼盲。术前视力光感或手动。所有病例均一期完成手术,术中使用8．0mm或8．5mm环钻钻取患者角膜,用患者混浊病变的角膜为载体。安装Boston人工角膜。形成患者角膜．人工角膜复合体,复合体作为植片如传统角膜移植实行角膜植床和植片缝合固定,术中常规行晶状体摘除术。结果术后观察1-12个月,平均（5．7±3．8）个月,除1眼视力光感外,其余裸眼视力为0．1～0．8。手术并发症包括角膜植床出血人玻璃体腔2例,继发性青光眼2例,人工角膜后膜4例。所有术眼均无术后漏水并发症发生。结论人工角膜特别适合于穿透性角膜移植难于成功的角膜盲患者,而且是目前对严重角膜瘢痕血管化、眼睑或泪液功能不良患者有效的复明手段。我国角膜供体严重匮乏,用自体角膜为载体可作为部分BostonI型人工角膜植入手术的可行方案。     

角膜移植联合人工晶状体植入手术方法的改进

目的　探讨穿透性角膜移植、白内障囊外摘出与人工晶状体植入的手术方法的改进及临床价值。方法　伴白内障的各种角膜病 13例 ( 13眼 ) ,以常规开窗方式制作植床 ,完成植床至接近穿透。在植床 10点～ 12点方位切穿至前房。在有植床的情况下 ,行白内障囊外摘出与人工晶状体植入术 ,然后 ,再完成植床制作 ,行穿透角膜移植。结果　术后随访观察 6～2 6月 ,平均 15 5月。 13例 ( 13眼 )中术后角膜植片透明者 11例 ( 84 62 % ) ,人工晶状体正位 12例 ( 92 3 1% ) ,视力 >0 0 5者 11例 ( 84 62 % ) ,视力 0 3以上者 8例 ( 61 5 4% )。结论　经改良手术方法的三联手术是安全可行的。     

人工角膜植入术的临床研究

评价复杂性角膜混浊患者行人工角膜植入术的临床效果和并发症等。方法选择15例双眼盲目患者的单侧眼15只,术前视力均为光感,角膜混浊病变无法用常规角膜移植手术达到复明目的。其中严重碱烧伤6只眼,严重酸烧伤3只眼,铝水烧伤2只眼,爆炸伤1只眼,严重实质性眼干燥症1只眼,多次穿透性角膜移植失败角膜严重血管化2只眼。人工角膜(MICOF)由俄罗斯费德洛夫眼外科中心制造。手术分两期：一期手术将人工角膜支架植入角膜层问,选择病例行角膜表面或层问加固性手术。约3个月后行二期手术,植入带螺纹的人工角膜光学部。常规行晶状体、部分虹膜及前部玻璃体切除术,将外1／3上、下睑缘做永久性缝合。对完全睑球粘连者,用上、下睑皮肤覆盖角膜表面,仅暴露人工角膜光学部。结果二期术后观察4～26个月,平均9．5个月,除1只眼视力光感外,其余眼裸眼视力0．12～1．0。手术并发症包括分离角膜板层时穿入前房,晶状体皮质残留,柱镜前表面结膜上皮遮盖,柱镜前表面纤维增生组织遮盖,柱镜后壁沉着物,角膜溶解。结论人工角膜特别适合于穿透性角膜移植难于成功的双眼盲目者,而且是对目前严重角膜瘢痕血管化、严重眼睑或泪液功能不良患者有效的复明手段。该术式结合自体结膜遮盖、骨膜层问移植及睑裂部分缝合等,有利于人工角膜的长期存留。     

穿透性角膜移植术治疗内眼术后大泡性角膜病变

目的：评价穿透性角膜移植术治疗内眼术后大泡性角膜病变的临床疗效。方法：我们对因内眼术后发生大泡性角膜病变的11例病人进行回顾性研究，其中9例行穿透性角膜移植术，1例行穿透性角膜移植术联合白内障囊外摘除、后房型人工晶体植入术，1例行带环形板层巩膜瓣的全角膜移植术。观察术后视力及植片情况。结果：随访4～36个月，平均16．6个月，眼部刺激症状均缓解，术后视力提高10眼，视力无改变1眼；术后9例角膜植片透明，2例再次行穿透性角膜移植术联合小梁切除术。结论：穿透性角膜移植术是治疗大泡性角膜病变的有效方法，不但缓解症状且能不同程度提高视力。     

穿透性角膜移植术后高危白内障的手术选择和临床结果分析

目的 对穿透性角膜移植术后角膜内皮细胞数目低于1200／mm^2的高危白内障患者的白内障摘除方法和临床结果进行分析。方法 对18例穿透性角膜移植术后角膜内皮细胞数目低于1200／mm^2的白内障患者。根据其晶体核的分级，分别采取白内障超声乳化摘除术联合人工晶体植入术或白内障囊外摘除术联合人工晶体植入术。术前和术后进行角膜内皮照相，内皮细胞计数。结果 18例患者术后裸眼视力范围0．1～0．8，最佳矫正视力0．1～1．0。经过3～31个月的随访，无1例发生大泡性角膜病变。结论 对穿透性角膜移植术后白内障患者，当其角膜内皮细胞数目为600～1200／mm^2时。在选择白内障手术方法时。应根据术者的白内障手术经验，以及白内障晶体核的硬度分别采取白内障超声乳化摘除术联合人工晶体植入术或白内障囊外摘除术联合人工晶体植入术。在手术时注意使用粘弹剂保护角膜内皮。超声乳化时采取拦截劈核法，将核劈为6～8块，可有效节省术中使用的超声能量，减少对角膜内皮细胞的损伤，只要保护措施得当，这类高危患者也可获得满意的手术结果。     

穿透性角膜移植联合白内障摘除人工晶体植入术的临床效果

目的探讨穿透性角膜移植联合白内障摘除人工晶体植入术的临床效果。方法采用三联手术治疗角膜混浊合并白内障患者11例12只眼,术后随访6个月-8年。结果10只眼术后角膜移植片透明,植片透明率83．3％。10例术后视力不同程度的提高。结论准确掌握手术适应证,三联手术是治疗角膜白斑合并自内障安全有效的方法。     

Preliminary Clinical Study on Perforating Prosthokeratoplasty

Purpose:To observe the effects of perforating prosthokeratoplasty on patients with leucoma who failed in keratoplasty or were not suitable for keratoplasty, and improved their vision.Methods:Five cases with leucoma (4 with chemical burn and 1 with blast) received Yakimenko Style keratoprosthesis implantation. Preoperative examination showed the visual acuity in 4 of the 5 cases was light perception, and that of the other one was FC/20 cm. The light orientation in 3 patients was definite, and that in the other two was indefinite.Results:The vision improved in 4 of 5 patients in the follow-up period of 9 months to 3 years. Their visual acuity showed 0.09 to 0.8. And there was no change of vision in the other 1 case.Conclutions:Prosthokeratoplasty is the first choice for rehabilitation of the blind that have leucoma but are not suitable for or failed in penetrating keratoplasty. Eye Science 2003;19:146-149.     

Current concepts and techniques in corneal transplantation

The corneal endothelium is the most important single layer in corneal transplantation. In his Castroviejo Lecture, William Bourne, MD, summarizes his work on the corneal endothelium and its importance to corneal transplantation. Almost half the corneal transplants performed in the United States are done so because of malfunctioning, diseased, or absent endothelial cells. If just this layer could be transplanted, the long wait for better vision after keratoplasty (up to two years in some countries) can be eliminated, as well as the problems of epithelial and subepithelial graft rejection. The significant astigmatism after keratoplasty could also be reduced. Transplantation of the endothelium in deep lamellar keratoplasty is being done in limited fashion throughout the world and the first patients have now been done in the United States. In many countries where corneal tissue is difficult to obtain, keratoplasty is only performed on one eye, even though both eyes may need it. One article this year discusses binocular vision recovery in bilateral keratoplasty and the objective and subjective improvements after bilateral keratoplasty. Patients who are bilaterally blind from diseases such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and ocular pemphigoid have little hope of visual recovery from conventional corneal transplants. The use of a keratoprosthesis to bypass the totally abnormal conjunctival surface has helped many people in the past. The preoperative prognostic categories of patients who may benefit from keratoprosthesis has been carefully reviewed in a large number of keratoprosthesis patients and this information will help ophthalmologists decide who will benefit the most benefit from keratoprosthesis. This year, articles on corneal transplantation after conjunctival flaps, suture-related complications in keratoplasty, the implantation of an intraocular lens after penetrating keratoplasty, and long-term results of penetrating keratoplasty with glaucoma drainage tube implants are subjects that warrant in depth discussion and evaluation. Finally, eye bank considerations will be discussed concerning the long-term question of transmission of cancer through corneal transplantation.     

Experience with Boston keratoprosthesis type 1 in the developing world

Objective

To report the experience of the Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil, in performing Boston keratoprosthesis type 1 implantation in the developing world.

Methods

We analyzed 30 eyes of 30 patients who underwent Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis surgery between 2008 and 2012 in a prospective interventional study. Preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative parameters were analyzed, including visual acuity (VA), keratoprosthesis stability, and postoperative complications.

Results

Preoperative diagnoses were failed grafts in 16 eyes (53.33%), chemical injury in 10 eyes (33.33%) and Stevens–Johnson syndrome in 4 eyes (13.33%). Also, 16 eyes (53.33%) had preoperative glaucoma. Preoperative best corrected VA ranged from 20/400 to light perception. With an average follow-up of 32 months (range 1–55 months), postoperative vision improved to >20/200 in 24 eyes (80%). Postoperative VA was statistically improved compared with the preoperative measurement during all postoperative follow-ups (up to 36 months). During the follow-up period (32 months), retention of the initial keratoprosthesis was 93.3%. The incidence of retroprosthetic membrane was 26.66%. Progression of glaucoma occurred in 7 of 16 eyes (43%). Three patients experienced development of glaucoma after keratoprosthesis implantation. One eye experienced development of infectious keratitis, and 2 eyes had retinal detachment.

Conclusions

Performing Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis in a developing country is a viable option after multiple keratoplasty failures and conditions with a poor prognosis for keratoplasty. Our experience appears similar to major reports in the field from investigators in developed countries. Adjustments to postoperative management must be considered according to the particular location.     

角膜移植的研究进展

角膜移植是用透明、健康的供体角膜组织替换混浊病变的角膜组织,使患者复明或控制角膜病变,达到增进视力或治疗某些角膜疾病的眼科治疗方法.传统角膜移植分为穿透性角膜移植和板层角膜移植.近10a,深板层角膜移植和内皮细胞移植手术逐渐崛起.而目前,人工角膜移植手术的发展为不适合传统穿透性角膜移植手术的患者提供一种新的选择.本文综述了目前角膜移植领域手术技术的适应证、术后并发症等.     

The historical development and an overview of contemporary keratoprostheses

Corneal blindness is a major cause of ocular morbidity that affects 4.5 million people worldwide. Though penetrating keratoplasty is an excellent option for most patients with corneal blindness, there are various conditions for which corneal transplantation carries a low likelihood of success. In cases of multiple failed transplants, the keratoprosthesis, an artificial cornea, is a well-documented surgical option, though few models are commercially available. Keratoprostheses also provide a solution to those in developing areas of the world who do not have access to penetrating keratoplasty owing to limitations in the supply of corneal donor tissue. We summarize the history of keratoprostheses, examine the various keratoprosthesis models used across the globe, and highlight efforts to improve the accessibility and biointegration of keratoprosthesis through novel technological developments.     

Five year follow up of biocolonisable microporous fluorocarbon haptic (BIOKOP) keratoprosthesis implantation in patients with high risk of corneal graft failure

AIM: To study the anatomical and visual performance following implantation of a model of artificial cornea and to evaluate the postoperative long term complications. METHODS: 11 eyes of 11 patients with bilateral corneal blindness considered as potentially having high risk of failure of penetrating corneal keratoplasty were implanted with biocolonisable Kpro keratoprosthesis (BIOKOP I, FCI, Rantigny, France) in the period between January 1996 and May 1998. Only one eye was implanted in all patients and followed up for a period of 60 months. The visual outcome, anatomical and functional stability, complications, and the general performance of the keratoprosthesis were evaluated. RESULTS: The keratoprosthesis (BIOKOP I) only 36.3% remained in position to date. In the patients' last visit five eyes (45.4%) were blind and one (9.0%) showed a slight improvement in the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in comparison to preoperative tests. Six eyes (54.5%) showed improved BCVA before having postoperative complications. Four eyes underwent replacement of a BIOKOP I Kpro with a BIOKOP II as a result of extrusion. The keratoprostheses remained anatomically in situ for a mean of 25.5 months and their functional performance period was limited to a mean of 22 months. CONCLUSION: Corneal keratoprosthesis (BIOKOP I, II) does not provide a stable anatomical relation with the surrounding ocular structures. Its ability to restore vision is limited to a short postoperative period in eyes implanted with severe ocular surface disease.     

Traumatic wound rupture after Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis implantation

ObjectiveTo describe the incidence, characteristics, causes, treatment, and outcomes of traumatic wound rupture in patients with Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis (KPro).DesignRetrospective case series.ParticipantsWe studied 136 eyes of 122 patients who underwent KPro implantation at a single institute between November 2004 and May 2011.MethodsA chart review was performed to determine the incidence, characteristics, causes, treatments, and outcomes of traumatic wound rupture.ResultsThe 4 eyes of 4 patients that sustained traumatic wound rupture resulted in an incidence of traumatic wound rupture of 2.9% (4/136). This complication occurred, on average, at 4.2 months (range, 1-9 months) after the KPro was implanted. All ruptures occurred at the graft-host junction. The 2 eyes that had complete keratoprosthesis extrusion experienced decreased vision postrupture, from hand motions to no light perception, and 20/300 to count-fingers vision, respectively. One eye that had 4 clock hours of superior wound rupture recovered vision postrupture from light perception to 20/40. One eye that had 2 clock hours of superior wound rupture maintained a stable vision of 20/125 after repair.ConclusionsThe incidence of traumatic wound rupture after keratoprosthesis is comparable to that after penetrating keratoplasty. Patients should be aware that traumatic rupture is a lifelong concern and should use protective measures to prevent this complication from occurring.     

Keratoprosthesis: the Dohlman-Doane device

PURPOSE: To determine the usefulness of the Dohlman-Doane type I keratoprosthesis for visual rehabilitation in cases of poor prognosis for traditional penetrating keratoplasty. DESIGN: A retrospective, noncomparative interventional series of 25 patients who had sustained multiple graft failure or who were otherwise deemed poor candidates for conventional keratoplasty. METHODS: Candidates were evaluated for potential acuity, intraocular pressure, inflammation, the quality of the ocular surface, and overall prognosis for penetrating keratoplasty. The keratoprosthesis was assembled and mounted on an 8.5- or 9.0-mm diameter donor corneal button and sutured into an 8.0- or 8.5-mm diameter recipient bed with 12 to 16 9-0 nylon sutures. Patients were examined on the first day and subsequently in 1 week and 1 month and then at 3-month intervals. RESULTS: All devices were retained without dislocation or extrusion. There were no instances of endophthalmitis or surface infection. Fundus details were visible on the first postoperative day. Patients achieved their best acuity in an average of 2 months (range, 1 to 180 days). Improvement in acuity was observed in an average of 13 days (range, 1 to 60 days). Retroprosthetic membranes occurred in three cases, with multiple recurrences in one instance. Visual acuity ranged from no light perception to 20/25. CONCLUSION: We conclude that this prosthesis can be implanted routinely and maintained with minimal complications in poor prognosis keratoplasty, which presents the potential for visual rehabilitation.     

玻璃体视网膜手术联合穿透性角膜移植手术因素分析

目的：观察在临时人工角膜下经扁平部玻璃体视网膜手术联合穿透性角膜移植手术的疗效，探讨影响手术成功的因素。 方法：回顾总结我院1996-12／2005-06行玻璃体视网膜手术联合穿透性角膜移植患者手术18例，主要分析病吏，前后节功能恢复以及手术和手术并发症等因素。 结果：13眼视力较前提高，其中视力在0．05～0．1之间者5眼；0．1～0．3者4眼，0．5者1眼；视力与术前无变化者5眼，10眼角膜植片透明，2眼再次做角膜移植手术，6眼出现角膜植片水肿、混浊，其中3眼为角膜排斥反应，3眼为角膜内皮失代偿。 结论：尽管联合手术的视功能恢复是有限的，但至少提高了患者的生活质量。     

Clinical study of combined penetrating keratoplasty, pars plana vitrectomy with temporary keratoprosthesis, and pars plana seton implant

PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness of a combined procedure (pars plana vitrectomy with temporary keratoprosthesis, penetrating keratoplasty, and pars plana seton implant) in preserving vision and controlling intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS: We reviewed the course of visual acuity, IOP, graft clarity, retinal status, and complications in 18 patients who underwent the above procedure during one operating sitting. RESULTS: Preoperative diagnoses were varied. The majority of patients had pseudophakic bullous keratopathy and failed corneal transplants with glaucoma. Preoperative mean visual acuity was hand motions. Preoperative mean IOP was 27+/-13 mm Hg. Initially, all patients had attached retina. With a mean follow-up of 17+/-9 months, six patients had improved vision greater than 2 lines and 10 had unchanged vision. Only two patients lost vision greater than 2 lines. The final average IOP was 16+/-6 mm Hg and only one eye had a pressure above 22 mm Hg. Three eyes were classified as complete failures; two of the three became phthisical. Two patients developed rhegmatogenous detachments requiring further surgery. CONCLUSION: The combined procedure offers reasonable improvement in vision, good pressure control, and a tolerable number of complications. It is a useful procedure in eyes that probably would not have been treatable otherwise.