泪阜肿物切除联合结膜固定术治疗功能性溢泪的临床研究

目的　探讨功能性溢泪患者泪阜肿物切除术后眼表症状、泪膜和泪液蛋白的特点。方法　泪阜肿物导致的功能性溢泪患者６０例,随机分为两组:Ａ组行泪阜肿物切除联合结膜固定术;Ｂ组行单纯泪阜肿物切除术,分别于术前及术后不同时间对患者行眼表症状评分、泪膜四项检查和泪液各蛋白测定,并对疗效进行对比。结果　Ａ组总有效率为９０％,Ｂ组为７０％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）。术前两组眼表指数、泪膜破裂时间、基础泪液分泌量、泪河高度、角膜荧光素染色及泪液蛋白、乳铁蛋白、溶菌酶和分泌型免疫球蛋白Ａ（ｓＩｇＡ）差异均无统计学意义（均为Ｐ＞０．０５）;术后１周,两组患者基础泪液分泌量、泪河高度、角膜荧光素染色比较差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）,但两组眼表指数、泪膜破裂时间、泪液总蛋白量、乳铁蛋白、溶菌酶及ｓＩｇＡ比较差异均无统计学意义（均为Ｐ＞０．０５）;术后３个月,两组患者眼表指数、泪膜破裂时间、基础泪液分泌量、泪河高度、角膜荧光素染色差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）,但两组泪液总蛋白量、乳铁蛋白、溶菌酶及ｓＩｇＡ差异均无统计学意义（均为Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论　对于泪阜肿物导致的功能性溢泪患者,泪阜肿物切除联合结膜固定术可以明显改善患者眼表症状、泪膜情况和泪液蛋白含量,提高患者的视觉质量。     

长期使用0.1 g·L-1阿托品对青少年近视患者泪液分泌、泪膜稳定性及睑板腺形态的影响

目的 探讨长期使用0.1 g·L^-1阿托品对青少年近视患者泪液分泌、泪膜稳定性及睑板腺形态的影响。方法 随机选取2021年12月至2022年3月就诊于天津医科大学眼科医院视光门诊及近视防控门诊的青少年近视患者120例120眼作为研究对象。根据是否使用阿托品将患者分为两组：试验组60例60眼,患者规律使用0.1 g·L^-1阿托品滴眼液24个月及以上;对照组60例60眼,患者仅配戴单光框架眼镜且近6个月内未使用人工泪液等药物。收集并比较两组患者眼表疾病指数评分、泪河高度、侵入性泪膜破裂时间、非侵入性首次泪膜破裂时间、非侵入性平均泪膜破裂时间、角膜荧光素染色评分等指标;并进行睑板腺形态评估,包括睑板腺缺失率和睑板腺弯曲腺体个数。结果 试验组患者眼表疾病指数评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者泪河高度、非侵入性首次泪膜破裂时间、非侵入性平均泪膜破裂时间、侵入性泪膜破裂时间、角膜荧光素染色评分差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。两组患者上、下眼睑的睑板腺缺失率及总睑板腺缺失率,差异均无统计学意义(均为P>0....     

不同切口方式白内障摘除对泪膜稳定性的影响

目的:探讨不同方式小切口白内障摘除及人工晶状体植入术后泪膜稳定性的变化。方法:随机抽取2004-07/2005-07我院行小切口白内障摘除术的老年性白内障患者96例102眼,分3组。A:透明角膜切口组30例32眼;B:巩膜隧道切口组35例(38眼);C:角膜缘切口组31例(32眼);平均年龄(65.2±11.5)岁。检测术前1d,术后1,7,14,30d的泪膜破裂时间(breakuptime,BUT)、基础泪液分泌试验(SchirmerItest,Sit)、角膜荧光素染色积分(fluorescenceintegral,FI),下睑中央泪河高度。结果:与术前相比,透明角膜切口组术后1dBUT明显缩短;Sit,下睑中央泪河高度和角膜荧光素染色程度明显增高,差异均有显著性意义;7d时SIt,14d时下睑中央泪河高度,30d时BUT、角膜荧光素染色积分恢复至术前水平。巩膜隧道切口组术后1d仅BUT明显缩短,SIt明显增高(P<0.05),下睑中央泪河高度、角膜荧光素染色积分无明显变化;术后7d时BUT已恢复至术前水平。角膜缘切口组,4项检测指标与术前比较,差异无显著意义。结论:透明角膜切口行白内障摘除术显著降低泪膜的稳定性,巩膜隧道切口行白内障摘除术轻微影响泪膜的稳定性,而角膜缘切口行白内障摘除术对泪膜影响最小。     

带状疱疹病毒性角膜炎非活动期眼表改变的临床研究

目的 探讨带状疱疹病毒性角膜炎(herpes zoster keratitis,HZK)非活动期患者眼表症状、角膜厚度、散光及泪膜稳定性变化.方法 采用前瞻性对照研究方法,收集2009年9月至2012年3月20例右眼患病的HZK非活动期患者,行角膜厚度、干眼症状、眼表指数评分、泪膜四项和屈光状态检查,同时选取20例性别、年龄等相匹配的健康自愿者作为对照,分析其眼表变化情况.结果 两组患者右眼角膜9个方位厚度比较差异均有统计学意义(均为P＜0.05),但左眼差异均无统计学意义(均为P＞0.05).HZK组患者双眼角膜9个方位厚度比较差异均无统计学意义(均为P＞0.05).对于反映垂直和水平方向散光的J0和矢量大小的P,HZK组两眼比较差异均有统计学意义(均为P＜0.05),而两眼J45比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);对照组两眼比较差异均无统计学意义(均为P＞0.05);两组间右眼J0及P比较差异均有统计学意义(均为P＜0.05),而J45比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).HZK组两眼干眼症状眼数、眼表指数评分、泪膜破裂时间、角膜荧光素染色、基础泪液分泌试验及泪河高度比较差异均有统计学意义(均为P＜0.05),对照组两眼比较差异均无统计学意义(均为P＜0.05);两组间右眼干眼症状眼数、眼表指数评分、泪膜破裂时间、角膜荧光素染色、基础泪液分泌试验及泪河高度比较差异均有统计学意义(均为P ＜0.05);左眼比较差异也均有统计学意义(均为P＜0.05).结论 HZK非活动期患者角膜厚度、散光、干眼症状、眼表指数评分、泪膜四项和屈光状态均存在异常.     

春季角结膜炎活动期眼表和泪液蛋白的临床研究

目的　对比观察春季角结膜炎（ｖｅｒｎａｌｋｅｒａｔｏｃｏｎｊｕｎｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｓ,ＶＫＣ）活动期患者眼表症状、泪膜、泪液蛋白以及角膜神经改变的特点。方法　收集南昌大学第一附属医院２０１０年８月至２０１４年３月眼科门诊确诊为ＶＫＣ活动期患者２０例（４０眼）,分别对患者行眼表症状评分、泪膜四项检查、泪液蛋白测定、角膜知觉检查与中央角膜共聚焦显微镜检查,并与２０例４０眼健康对照组研究对象的检查结果进行对比分析。结果　ＶＫＣ活动期患者左右两眼间和正常对照组研究对象的左右两眼间的眼表症状评分、泪膜四项、泪液蛋白、乳铁蛋白、溶菌酶、神经纤维密度及角膜敏感度差异均无统计学意义（均为Ｐ＞０．０５）;ＶＫＣ活动期患者右眼较对照组右眼干眼症状眼数增多,眼表疾病指数评分增高、泪膜破裂时间减短、基础泪液分泌试验结果增高、泪河高度降低、角膜荧光素染色增强,泪液总蛋白、乳铁蛋白、溶菌酶、角膜神经纤维密度及角膜敏感度值较对照组均明显降低,且差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）;ＶＫＣ活动期患者左眼检查结果较对照组改变与右眼改变一致,差异也均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）。共聚焦显微镜检查结果发现,ＶＫＣ活动期患者中央角膜可见角膜上皮细胞部分结膜化,其上皮层存在大量炎症细胞浸润并伴有少量朗格汉斯细胞浸润,角膜上皮下有大量非成熟型朗格汉斯细胞浸润;角膜上皮下神经纤维纤细,呈盘旋、弯曲异常分布。结论　ＶＫＣ活动期患者眼表及泪液改变明显,多表现为泪膜稳定性降低,泪液蛋白含量降低,角膜敏感度降低且角膜神经纤维密度下降、纤细及走形异常等特点。     

先天性上睑下垂矫正术后早期眼表变化的研究

目的 探讨先天性上睑下垂矫正术后眼表的早期改变.方法 对先天性上睑下垂患者37例(42眼)分别于矫正术术前及术后1 d、7 d、1个月和3个月行泪膜破裂时间、泪液分泌试验、角膜荧光素染色、下睑泪河高度测量和比较,询问和记录患者不适感.结果 患者术后1d和7 d角膜荧光素染色点明显增多,分值明显高于术前,差异有统计学意义(P1=0.1307,P2=0.006).而术后泪膜破裂时间、泪液分泌量与术前比变化不明显,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).提上睑肌缩短术及额肌肌瓣悬吊术后眼表的各项指标比较差异也无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 先天性上睑下垂矫正术后早期角膜上皮受到损害.在使用人工泪液及眼膏的情况下,泪膜破裂时间及泪液分泌量无明显变化,手术方式对眼表的改变无明显差异.     

睑缘炎患者泪膜功能的临床观察

目的观察睑缘炎患者的泪膜功能。方法随机选取2013年3月至2014年1月于我院就诊的睑缘炎患者39例(72只眼),以及正常体检者37例(74只眼)。所有患者均接受泪河高度、泪膜破裂时间、角膜荧光素染色和基础泪液分泌实验等检查,并将所得检查结果进行统计学分析。结果睑缘炎组患者的泪膜破裂时间为(7.43±2.77)s,显著低于对照组(14.32±6.14)s(P<0.05);睑缘炎组和对照组的角膜荧光素染色评分分别为(1.02±0.69)分和(0.61±0.43)分,差异有显著统计学意义(t=-2.97,P=0.01);泪河高度和基础泪液分泌实验显示两组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论睑缘炎患者基础泪液分泌功能正常,但泪膜稳定性降低,是蒸发过强型干眼的易患人群。     

屈光矫正方式对空中乘务员眼表的影响

目的:观察不同屈光矫正方式对空中乘务员眼表的影响.方法:回顾性分析,将2014-09/2016-09我院门诊就诊的空中乘务员42例84眼纳入研究.按屈光矫正方式的不同,分为4组:角膜屈光手术组、软性角膜接触镜配戴组、硬性角膜接触镜配戴组、对照组.分析就诊时的临床检查指标:OSDI调查问卷评分、睑缘形态评分、泪膜破裂时间(break-up time,BUT)、荧光素染色评分、泪河高度和泪液分泌试验(Schirmer'sⅠtest,SⅠt)结果.结果:相比对照组,软性角膜接触镜配戴组和角膜屈光手术矫正组的OSDI评分明显上升、泪河高度明显降低、BUT明显缩短、荧光素染色评分明显增高、泪液分泌明显减少,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);而硬性角膜接触镜配戴组的上述参数与对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).四组的睑缘评分相比,差异无统计学意义(F=3.82,P=0.45).结论:硬性透氧性角膜接触镜可以改善空中乘务员的眼表不适.     

青光眼小梁切除术后泪膜的变化

目的：：了解青光眼小梁切除手术前后泪膜的变化,探讨青光眼小梁切除术后干眼的发病情况和防治措施。方法：对青光眼患者36例60眼在行小梁切除术前3 d;术后3,7,14,30 d进行详细的眼科检查。检查内容包括：下睑中央泪河高度、泪膜破裂时间( break-up time, BUT)、基础泪液分泌试验( Schirmer Ⅰ test, SⅠt)、裂隙灯显微镜下角膜荧光素染色评分。结果：与术前相比,术后3,7d,下睑中央泪河高度下降, BUT缩短,SⅠt减少,角膜荧光素染色评分增加。大部分患眼术后14d,下睑中央泪河高度、BUT、SⅠt、角膜荧光素染色评分开始恢复,到术后30d,有22％的患眼泪膜未能恢复至术前水平;术前泪膜正常的患眼中有18％发生干眼症。结论：青光眼小梁切除术可影响泪膜的稳定性,部分患者出现明显的干眼症,应及时给予干预和治疗。     

糖尿病泪液功能和眼表面变化

目的:探讨糖尿病患者泪液功能和眼表面失调及其影响因素。方法:研究60例120眼非胰岛素依赖型患者,根据病程将其分为A,B,C3个组:A组患者病程<5a,B组患者病程5～9a,C组患者病程≥10a;40例80眼无糖尿病同年龄段者设为对照组。所有研究者均观察角膜荧光素染色、泪膜破裂时间及Schirmer试验;对糖尿病组及对照组各20眼行结膜印记细胞学检查。结果:糖尿病组泪膜破裂时间较对照组短(u=13.54,P<0.01),角膜荧光素染色阳性细胞检出率高于对照组(χ2=52.21,P<0.01),泪液分泌试验较对照组少(t=2.05,P<0.05)。B,C组泪膜破裂时间较A组短,泪液分泌亦减少。结膜印记细胞学检查糖尿病组结膜上皮细胞异常较多,杯状细胞数较少。结论:糖尿病患者是干眼症的易患人群;糖尿病患者的眼表疾病以泪液的质和量的失调,鳞状上皮化生、杯状细胞减少为特征。泪膜破裂时间、Schirmer试验、角膜荧光素染色检查可作为糖尿病患者的眼科常规检查。     

The basis of tear ferning

Fern-like crystallisation occurs in many body fluids when sampled and dried, including the tears. Tear ferning has been proposed as a diagnostic test of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), but the mechanism of reduced ferning in the dry eye is poorly understood. By microscopic examination of tear ferns and review of gynaecological and crystallographic literature, we seek an explanation for the reduced tear ferning in KCS. The physico-chemical variables controlling the crystal ‘habit’ (viscosity, osmolality, protein content, and mucous quality or quantity) are examined to ascertain which might be responsible for the decreased ferning of dry eye tear samples. We hypothesise that a shift in the salt-to-macromolecule ratio, increased lipid contamination of mucus and altered tear rheology are the features of dry eye which best explain the altered ferning patterns in this condition.     

The influence of religious fasting on basal tear secretion and tear break-up time

Muslims abstain from food and drink from dawn to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan. An extended strict fasting may influence tear secretion and quality. We investigated changes in basal tear secretion (BTS) and tear break-up time (BUT) at the beginning and at the end of fasting on 32 healthy male patients with a mean age of 22.3 ± 2.9 years. Body weight and urine specific gravity were also determined to assess the extent of dehydration due to fasting. Each case lost 0.1–1.25 kg of body weight while urine specific gravity changes were statistically insignificant. Mean BTS amount was 19.9 ± 10.9 mm at the initial examination and 19.7 ± 11.5 mm at the end of fasting (p=0.9). BUT values were 20.1 ± 9.3 sec at the beginning of fasting and 23.5 ± 14.9 sec at the end of fasting (p=0.19). We found that religious fasting in the winter season does not seem to affect BTS and BUT values in healthy individuals. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Repeatability of the phenol-red thread and tear thinning time tests for tear film function

Reliable tear function tests are required both in clinical practice and for research. Between-sessions repeatability of the phenol-red thread and tear thinning time tests was assessed for 17 young normal Caucasian subjects on two consecutive days. A single phenol-red thread result and the mean of three tear thinning times were recorded on each day. The minimum phenol-red thread result was 11 mm, and the 68 per cent and 95 per cent confidence intervals for repeatability were ± 5 mm and ± 10 mm, respectively. We propose diagnostic criteria of less than 11 mm for low tear secretion and less than 16 mm for a borderline result, based on the 68 per cent confidence interval. A level of measurement effect on repeatability of tear thinning time was present (Spearman's rho = 0.79, p = 0.002), with longer times showing greater variability: this relationship was eliminated by logarithmic data transformation. The tear thinning time test was not sufficiently reliable for clinical use; for a result of 15 seconds, there was 95 per cent confidence that subsequent times would lie between 57 and three seconds. We recommend further investigation into the use of log scales for tear stability tests.     

泪液分泌与排出动力的临床观察研究

目的:通过临床观察,证实"瞬目是基础泪液分泌、前泪膜形成更新与排出泪液共同的动力源"假说。方法:临床观察4216人次。按常规项目检查并进行以下特殊项目的询问与观察:(1)各种泪道阻塞患者60例入睡后溢泪症状。(2)30例觉醒后闭目养神状态下溢泪症状。(3)观察300例新生儿出生后瞬目和溢泪症状。(4)随意观察300人次以上各种瞬目。(5)活体观察360眼泪道逆行置管术后瞬目所产生排出泪液作用。(6)观察暴露性角膜炎者基础泪液分泌。结果:(1)各种原因导致的不同类型的所有泪道阻塞患者瞬目停止状态时溢泪症状中止。(2)观察昏迷和醒觉状态下睑裂闭合不全暴露性角膜炎者,并未出现由其他神经反射弧启动的基础泪液分泌。(3)泪道阻塞患者觉醒状态下闭目养神溢泪症状中止者26例,4例明显减轻。(4)观察新生儿:第一声哭啼有泪者接近10%,多数新生儿生后7d(最迟者出生20d)啼哭有泪,出生后都有瞬目动作。(5)活体观察泪道逆行置管术后睁眼状态引流管内水液平面下降;闭眼状态水液平面上升,幅度约2.0mm左右。(6)随机观察300人次正常人瞬目发生的频率、节律和瞬目中止与自我抑制瞬目持续时间发现下注视最慢,水平注视居中,向上三个注视最快。向下注视眼位抑制瞬目持续时间最长。结论:临床观察结果各从不同方面验证"瞬目是基础泪液分泌、前泪膜形成更新与排出泪液共同的动力源"假说。但还需要临床和实验室进一步研究,寻找更直接的验证。     

Temporal changes in the tear menisci following a blink

This study investigated tear meniscus formation after a blink. Multiple images of the inferior and superior menisci, viewed en-face, were sequentially captured using a video-slitlamp that permitted the measurement of tear meniscus height (TMH). In a similar manner, tangentially viewed images were obtained of the inferior meniscus so changes in cross-sectional radius of curvature (TMR) with time could be determined. Additionally, the relationship between inferior TMH and tear volume was quantified by the successive instillation of small aliquots of fluid. In this latter experiment the inflow and outflow of tears were controlled by anaesthetizing the ocular surface and inner nose, and use of punctal plugs. The TMH of both menisci rose after a blink (p<0.01) by a similar amount (p=0.59). This suggests that capillarity is dominant over gravity in tear drainage, however, it may simply reflect that these influences are small compared to the large flow resistances that occur in thin films, hydraulic connectivity between the two menisci, or differences in their anterior-posterior width leading to unequal volume-height relationships. TMR increased with time after a blink (p<0.0001); immediately on eye opening the curvature of the inferior meniscus was approximately circular but this soon became eccentric, with the radius of its upper half exceeding that of its lower half. The growth rate of the two menisci slowed with time and this, based on theoretical considerations, is predicted to have occurred primarily because localized thinning of the tear film adjacent to the menisci markedly raised flow resistance. Inferior TMH increased linearly with the cumulative volume of instilled fluid (r2=0.98), supporting its use in the diagnosis and classification of tear anomalies, although the gradient of this relationship varied between subjects.     

Stability of the precorneal tear film: a review

Numerous studies have been done on the tear physiology and stability of the precorneal tear film and various hypotheses explaining the mechanism of tear rupture and formation have been proposed. One hypothesis proposed that the film stability was caused by the spreading of mucin along the lipid-aqueous interface which increases the film pressure. As the lipid starts diffusing into the mucus-tear interface, and once the hydrophilicity of the mucus is overwhelmed, the tear film will rupture over the hydrophobic spots. Another hypothesis however, attributes the rupture of the mucous layer, due to van der Waals forces between the epithelium and the mucin, as the cause of tear instability. However, the actual composition of the interfaces between each layer of the precorneal tear film remains unclear and the exact mechanism of the tear film rupture is difficult to pinpoint. This review surveys the literature and summarises current opinions in this field.     

2型糖尿病患者泪液分泌及泪膜功能的初步研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病患者泪液分泌及泪膜功能。方法 非增生型糖尿病视网膜病变(NPDR)患者25例(50眼)；增生型糖尿病视网膜病变(PDR)患者25例(50眼)；正常对照25例(50眼)。观察指标包括泪膜破裂时间、孟加拉玫瑰红染色及SchirmerI试验。NPDR组、PDR组及对照组各10例(10眼)测定泪液总蛋白和泪液主要蛋白质含量。结果 糖尿病组分别与对照组比较，Schirmer I测定值降低，泪膜破裂时间缩短，孟加拉玫瑰红染色阳性率增加，PDR患者尤其显著。泪液总蛋白含量三组间两两比较差异均无显著性。糖尿病组分别与对照组比较，溶菌酶、乳铁蛋白及泪液特异性前白蛋白浓度降低，PDR患者尤其显著。结论 糖尿病患者易发生泪液分泌及泪膜功能异常，PDR患者泪膜功能低下更加明显。泪液SDS-PAGE有助于发现糖尿病患者泪液蛋白质的变化。     

Side effects of drugs and tear secretion

Tear secretion may be influenced by various (groups of) drugs. A survey will be given of drug-induced changes in tear secretion and their clinical consequences.