视网膜血管瘤样增生的诊断与治疗

视网膜血管瘤样增生(retinal angiomatous proliferation,RAP)是湿性老年性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,AMD)隐匿性新生血管的另一种病变形式,起源于黄斑旁视网膜深层毛细血管层,以多发性小灶状视网膜内出血、视网膜色素上皮脱离(pigment epithelial detachment,PED)、视网膜-脉络膜血管吻合(retinal-choroidal anastomosis,RCA)为特点,对视力损害严重。本文对近年来的有关文献进行复习,并就RAP的发病机制、临床分期、诊断特点、治疗及预后进行综述。     

视网膜血管瘤增殖一年龄相关性黄斑变性的特殊类型

本文总结了年龄相关性黄斑变性的特殊类型—视网膜血管瘤增殖(RAP)的临床和造影表现及分期。RAP是起源于黄斑旁视网膜深层毛细血管的、以伴发多灶小片视网膜内出血及盘变前期即有视网膜-脉络膜血管吻合(RCA)形成为特征的新生血管性AMD。     

有关息肉状脉络膜血管病诊治的讨论

息肉状脉络膜血管病变(PCV)以视网膜下橘红色结节样病灶和异常分支状脉络膜血管网及其末梢的息肉状脉络膜血管扩张灶为特征,是亚洲人较常见的一种眼底疾病,由于PCV的临床表现与湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)相似,临床上常将其诊断为湿性型AMD,但两者在吲哚青绿血管造影、病程预后及治疗上有较大的差异。进一步提高对PCV诊治的认识,将其从湿性型AMD中分离出来,无论对PCV还是湿性型AMD的治疗均具有重要的临床意义。(眼科,2007,16:373-375,377)     

视网膜血管瘤样增生一例

视网膜血管瘤样增生(retinal angiomatous proliferation,RAP)临床较为罕见,是年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,AMD)的一种特殊类型.通常意义上的AMD起源于脉络膜,而RAP起源于视网膜感觉层毛细血管.我们在临床上发现1例典型RAP,现报告如下.     

视网膜血管瘤样增生治疗进展

视网膜血管瘤样增生(retinal angiomatous proliferation,RAP)是新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性(neovascular age-related macular degeneration,nARMD)的一种特殊病变类型,又称"3型新生血管".其基本病变为新生血管形成,目前认为其新生血管起源于视网膜深层毛细血管.主要临床特征包括视网膜色素上皮层脱离(PED)和网状假性玻璃膜疣,分别与视网膜色素上皮层撕裂和地图样萎缩相关,最终可致严重的不可逆性视力损伤.其病程进展迅猛,多数早期患者可在6 mo内发展至视力丧失.而传统治疗措施如激光疗法,疗效有限,预后较差.近年来,OCT血管造影(OCTA)等新技术从新的角度对RAP展开了探索,尤其在RAP的分期、基于分期的疗效观察等方面有了一定进展.大量有关玻璃体腔注射抗血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)药物治疗RAP的研究也证实了这种新兴疗法的安全性、有效性和优越性.这些均为临床选择治疗方案提供了依据.     

视网膜血管瘤样增生的眼底影像特征

自Hartnett等[1]首次描述了发生于老年性黄斑变性(AMD)患者“深层视网膜血管异常复合体”以来,视网膜血管瘤样增生( RAP)逐渐被认可为一种渗出型AMD的特殊类型[2,3].与其他类型的AMD不同,RAP的新生血管来源于视网膜深层毛细血管,并纵行向视网膜下腔发展,形成视网膜脉络膜吻合.Yannuzi等[4 ]研究发现,RAP常发生于白人,亚洲人中并不常见;且国内关于该病的报道也较少.为此,我们观察了一组RAP患者的影像学特征,现将结果报道如下.     

视网膜血管瘤样增生的眼底影像检查特征

视网膜血管瘤样增生(RAP)、脉络膜新生血管(CNV)及息肉样脉络膜血管病变(PCV)是渗出型老年性黄斑变性(AMD)的3种亚型[1].既往已有较多文献对RAP的荧光素眼底血管造影(FFA)及吲哚青绿血管造影(ICGA)图像持征、临床分期以及病变起源和发生机制进行过探讨[2],但这些研究更多是基于眼底血管造影的检查结果,存在一些不确定性;对其临床特征以及发病机制也存在一些争议[3-5].     

光学相干断层扫描血管成像在DR中的临床应用

光学相干断层扫描血管成像(optical coherence tomography angiography,OCTA)是近年新兴发展的一种无创性血管成像技术,无需使用造影剂便能快速、安全获得高分辨率眼底血管成像,已被广泛应用于眼科疾病的诊治和随访,尤其是血管性病变如糖尿病性视网膜病变(DR),年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD),视网膜中央/分支静脉阻塞(CRVO/BRVO),脉络膜新生血管(CNV)等.本文就OCTA在糖尿病性视网膜病变的临床应用进行综述.     

手术切除视网膜血管性增殖

年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)仍然是65岁以上成年人中导致视力下降的主要原因。视网膜血管性增殖(RAP)是新近认识到的具有不良自然病史的渗出性AMD的表现，并且已证实传统的激光光凝治疗对其无效。在这个系列的研究中开展了一项新的手术技术，展示了对这种亚型新生血管病变的     

视网膜血管瘤样增生的研究概况

视网膜血管瘤样增生(retinalangiomatousproliferation,RAP)是年龄相关性黄斑变性(ARMD)的一种特殊类型。通常意义上的ARMD起源于脉络膜,而RAP起源于视网膜感觉层毛细血管。这种特殊类型的ARMD最近受到临床医师和研究人员的密切关注。本文就RAP的研究历程、临床表现、病理学特点、形成机制、分期及诊断和治疗现状进行综述。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Guía de estilos de vida y glaucoma (II). Dieta,suplementos, drogas,sueño,embarazo e hipertensión arterial

Purpose

To establish evidence based guidelines to advise patients on the relationship between habits, diet, certain circumstances, diseases and glaucoma.