Treatment of retinal detachment of the course of retinopathy of prematurity

Cryo- and laser therapy of stage 3 have reduced, but not eliminated the occurrence of retinal detachment in stages 4a, 4b and 5 of ROP. In this disease the treatment of these stages is still the greatest challenge to the ophthalmologist. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present our up-to-date possibilities of treatment of different kinds of retinal detachments in ROP, including segmental scleral buckling, encircling scleral buckling, scleral resection, vitrectomy and its modifications in ROP. Guidelines of surgery of retinal detachment in active stage 4 and 5 of retinopathy of prematurity have been described.     

亟待新型早产儿视网膜病变动物模型的问世

早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）病因和发病机制尚不完全清楚,制约了其有效防治和相关研究的深入开展。尽管氧诱导视网膜病变动物模型为探索ROP复杂的病因和发病机制发挥了重要作用,但特异性较差,与人类ROP临床本质存在一定差异。因此,有必要对现有动物模型进行改良或建立新动物模型。通过更新观念、在多学科交叉中寻求突破,融合更多ROP危险因素,并结合新兴的转基因技术以及完善模型评价系统,建立科学的实验研究平台,为更好地开展ROP防治研究奠定基础。     

Analysis of some of the possible neonatal risk factors of development of retinopathy of prematurity

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate some of the possible risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treated with laser photocoagulation or cryocoagulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study comprised 71 preterm infants with ROP needing treatment and 118 prematures without ROP or with ROP requiring no treatment, as a control group. All infants were born with gestational age < or = 32 weeks and birth weight < or = 1500g. The perinatal variables, including some of clinical data, the length of mechanical ventilation as well as continous positive airway pressure (CPAP), duration of total parenteral nutrition and some of laboratory data were analyzed, to evaluate their correlation with the development of ROP. RESULTS: Gestational age before 28 weeks (OR = 5.11), episodes of convulsiones (OR = 2.15), mechanical ventilation for more than 20 days (OR = 5.86) and > 30 days (OR = 7.47), CPAP for more than 5 days (OR = 4.15) and > 10 days (OR = 2.84), total parenteral nutrition for more than 10 days (OR = 7.84) and > 20 days (OR = 9.02) and elevated peak of alanine aminotransferase (AIAT) levels (OR = 3.17) were significant risk factors for ROP requiring treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The opthalmic examination for retinopathy of prematurity requiring laser photocoagulation or cryocoagulation should be obligatory for prematures born < or = 32 weeks of gestational age, with birth weight < or = 1500 g.The frequency of the consecutive ophthalmic examinations depends on the severity of prematurity and on the presence and intensification of the risk factors for ROP.     

角膜曲率的分析

目的：探讨我国人角膜曲率半径的正常值及不同性别、不同年龄的角膜曲率半径差异。方法：对10998只眼的角膜曲率进行检测，并按男、女10岁一组进行统计分析。结果：（1）K1为7.65mm,K2为7.71mm，平均K值为7.67mm。较眼科学正常值K:7.77mm短0.1mm。（2）K的平均值男性较女性的长0.1155mm。且女性各年龄段角膜曲率半径均男性的有不同程度的减短。（3）男女均随年龄的增长，角膜曲率半径大致呈递减趋势，即：角膜曲率半径与年龄成反比关系。（４）男女K1,K2之比，均随年龄增长而增长，即K1逐渐增长而增长，即　K1值逐渐增长，K2逐渐减短。结论：本文测定的角膜曲率较眼科文献中的提供的正常值短0.1mm，并且存在着年龄、性别上的差异。     

玻璃体内注射康柏西普治疗早产儿视网膜病变的血管化过程

目的：评价玻璃体内注射康柏西普在治疗I型(阈值期和阈值前期)和A-ROP(急进性ROP)的早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的一系列病例中引起的视网膜血管化过程。方法：回顾性研究2017-07/2020-03在厦门市儿童医院眼科通过玻璃体腔注射康柏西普(IVC)治疗的ROP患者34例67眼。再活化是指急性期特征的复发，发生在疾病的任何阶段，无论是否存在其他疾病。结果：患儿34例的平均胎龄为28.82±2.32wk。平均出生体质量为1155.18±398.22g。19例37眼的病变区域为Ⅰ区。10例20眼的病变位于Ⅱ区，5例10眼的病变位于Ⅱ区后部。一次IVC治疗的ROP患儿疾病控制总有效率为73.1%(49/67)，且Ⅱ区血管化均完成。患者在Ⅲ区的血管化完成率出现差异。在接受过一次治疗且未再复发的患者中，Ⅰ型ROP血管化时间平均为9.11±2.49wk，A-ROP为13.40±4.04wk。A-ROP的血管化完成时间明显比Ⅰ型ROP的时间长，且结果有统计学差异。结论：IVC治疗后的病变为Ⅱ区的患儿均具有较高的血管完成率。     

艾滋病眼部并发症的资料分析

目的:通过调查分析,了解艾滋病眼部并发症的临床表现、治疗及预后。方法:收集赞比亚卡布韦总医院眼科2008-08/2009-08就诊患者。结果:艾滋病眼部并发症症状重,病程长,致盲率高。结论:充分认识、掌握艾滋病眼部并发症的临床表现,提高艾滋病的检出率,早发现、早治疗,提高艾滋病患者的生活质量。同时应强调预防是降低艾滋病发生率的关键。