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1.
垂体肿瘤的眼部改变   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
181例垂体肿瘤中,有视力减退者121例(66.9%),视野缺损者125例(69.1%),视神经萎缩者83例(45.9%),视乳头水肿者11例(6.1%),眼肌麻痹者13例(7.2%)。以视力减退为首发症状就诊眼科者79例(43.6%)。对本病的眼部改变及早期诊断进行了讨论。  相似文献   

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目的:探讨垂体腺瘤对眼视功能损害的临床表现。方法:对126例(252只眼)垂体腺瘤患者进行视力、视野、荧光眼底血管造影(Fundusfluoresceinangiography,FFA)、图形视诱发电位(Patternvisualevokedpotential,PVEP)及眼底检查。结果:视力下降186只眼,占73.8%。眼底原发性视神经萎缩130只眼,占51.6%。视野缺损156只眼,占69.6%。PVEP异常160只眼,占88.9%。26.2%的患者以眼部异常为首诊症状.其中16.7%曾被诊断为眼科疾病。结论:垂体腺瘤可引起视功能的损害,充分认识垂体腺瘤在眼部的临床特点,有助于早期诊断及时治疗。  相似文献   

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目的: 探讨良性颅内压增高症的眼部特点。方法: 回顾性分析在西安市第四医院神经内科确诊且经眼科会诊的良性颅内压增高症患者21例42眼的临床资料,包括患者视力、裂隙灯显微镜、散瞳后眼底、荧光素眼底血管造影及全脑血管造影、头部影像学检查等资料。结果: 患者21例中,14例(67%)因眼部症状首诊于眼科。初诊视力:无光感者1眼(2%),手动/眼前~0.1者5眼(12%),0.2~1.0者16眼(38%),1.0以上者20眼(48%)。眼前节检查可见1眼(2%)因外展神经麻痹而出现外斜视。散瞳眼底检查,10例(48%)患者可见双眼视乳头水肿,1例患者(5%)单眼视乳头水肿,2例(10%)患者(3眼)出现视神经萎缩,余8例(38%)患者眼底无异常。结论: 良性颅内压增高症的眼部表现主要为视力下降和视乳头水肿,晚期可出现视神经萎缩。患者可因眼部症状首诊于眼科。眼科医师认识良性颅内压增高症的眼部表现特点,及时给予正确的诊断与治疗,可挽救患者的视功能。  相似文献   

4.
空蝶鞍综合征眼部特征分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
王洪涛  李树宁  王宁利  杨本涛 《眼科》2012,21(5):309-312
目的  探讨空蝶鞍综合征的眼部临床表现及预后。设计 回顾性病例系列。研究对象 在北京同仁医院就诊,经MRI检查诊断为空蝶鞍综合征的32例患者。方法  对这些患者的检查治疗资料及眼部表现进行分析。主要指标 视力、眼压、眼底、视野、房角。结果 32例患者中因明显视力下降就诊者20例(62.5%)。最佳矫正视力低于0.8者45眼,其中低于0.1者5眼,0.1~0.3者14眼,0.4~0.7者26眼。眼压在21~29 mm Hg者13眼(20.3%)。眼底检查13眼(20.3%)有视盘水肿,19眼(29.7%)有视神经萎缩。视野缺损48眼(75.0%),其中9眼有类似青光眼的视野缺损,10例患者为双颞侧偏盲。房角开放者28例56眼(87.5%),房角窄或可疑关闭者4例8眼(12.5%)。3例空蝶鞍综合征患者合并闭角型青光眼,1例合并开角型青光眼,2例合并正常眼压性青光眼。3例患者经神经外科手术治疗,最佳矫正视力好转。结论 空蝶鞍综合征的眼部表现可有视力下降、视盘水肿、视神经萎缩及视野缺损。对于不能由眼科疾病解释而怀疑本病者,应及时请相关科室会诊并协助治疗。(眼科, 2012, 21: 309-312)  相似文献   

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垂体腺瘤的中心视野与误诊分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
目的 分析垂体腺瘤患者双眼的中心视野及其后极部的眼底改变。 方法 应用Humphrey instruments 750型电脑视野分析仪和TopconTRC-50x眼底照相机,对手术前70例垂体腺瘤患者行全阈值静态中心视野及眼底检查。 结果 视力损害者占64.3%,视野损害者占80.7%,眼底改变者占46.4%。而以视力减退为首诊症状者占45.7%,其中28.6%曾被误诊为眼科疾病。 结论 误诊因素主要是患者以视力减退为首诊症状,且多无视野缺 损主诉及同时伴有眼科疾病症状。因此,在眼科临床诊断过程中,对于原因不明的视力下降和解释不清的视神经萎缩,均应把视野作为常规检查,避免漏诊、误诊。 (中华眼底病杂志,2003,19:18-19)  相似文献   

6.
首诊眼科的颅内病变26例分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
李爱莲 《眼科》2002,11(5):297-299
目的:分析颅内病变的眼部表现及诊断方法.方法:回顾分析26例以眼部症状为主要表面而首诊于眼科的颅内病变.结果:视力下降占77%,视野改变占94.74%,视神经萎缩占34.70%,视盘水肿占23.08%,瞳孔改变占18.73%,眼肌麻痹占19.23%。误诊率42.31%,初诊误诊率较高,头颅CT或MRI有助于早期诊断,但较难发现较小的病变,视野检查可协助诊断。结论:颅内病变可能通过影响视路,瞳孔光反射路及眼运动神经而表现各种眼部症状,对可疑病例应根据症状,体征及时行头颅CT或MRI等检查。  相似文献   

7.
单侧枕叶梗死眼部表现的临床分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:探讨单侧枕叶梗死引起的眼部表现的临床特点及发生机制。方法:回顾性分析18例单侧枕叶梗死患者的临床资料及眼部表现,且所有患者的梗死灶均局限于枕叶。结果:患者18例中出现眼部症状者16例(89%),包括双眼视力下降15例(83%)、视幻觉5例(28%)。其中,8例发病时仅有眼部症状。所有患者均有视野改变,包括完全性同向偏盲12例(67%)和部分性同向偏盲5例(28%)。12例完全性同向偏盲患者中,黄斑回避7例(58%),黄斑分裂5例(42%)。接受随访者12例,随访时间为6~29mo不等,出现视神经萎缩4例、视力增进1~2行者5例、视野扩大2例、视力下降1例、黄斑回避转变为黄斑分裂1例。结论:单侧枕叶梗死的临床特征以眼部表现为主,包括双眼视力下降、视幻视、伴或不伴有黄斑回避的一致性同向偏盲、无瞳孔和眼底改变。随访中发现,枕叶梗死引起的视力下降、视野缺损一般不易恢复,少数患者可出现视神经萎缩。  相似文献   

8.
郭庆  庞燕华 《国际眼科杂志》2022,22(7):1148-1152

垂体腺瘤是颅内最常见的良性肿瘤,其症状主要为视功能受损和内分泌激素紊乱。由于垂体与视交叉的特殊位置关系,视力下降和视野缺损多为首发症状,患者常常首诊于眼科。视野检查和光学相干断层扫描(OCT)可判断视野缺损程度和眼底情况,电生理检查可明确视神经是否受损,均可作为垂体腺瘤患者视功能的评估指标。磁共振作为影像学工具,其衍生技术——功能性磁共振,近年来用于研究垂体腺瘤瘤体质地及视神经完整性。此类全面详细的检查可以帮助患者明确最佳治疗时机,提高生活质量。本文针对眼科各项检查(视野、OCT和电生理)和功能性磁共振在垂体腺瘤中的应用进行简要综述。  相似文献   


9.
目的 总结首诊眼科的继发性颅高压患者的临床特征及病因。方法 回顾分析2015年10月~2017年12月首诊眼科的视乳头水肿患者中颅高压病例,对其人口学特征、眼部表现及病因进行分析。结果 54例确诊继发性颅高压患者(108眼),其中女性23例(42.6%),平均年龄(36.43±16.70)岁(5~67岁)。平均病程(8.24±9.76)个月。视力分级呈双峰型:矫正视力0.8以上及低于0.1至数指之间比率分别为26.85%和28.70%。视乳头水肿Frisén分级最常见为4~5级与视神经萎缩,分别占42.59%及52.77%;视野损害最常见类型为生理盲点扩大(28.70%)及弥漫性缩小(60.19%)。病因分析:脑肿瘤22例、脑积水16例、脑静脉窦病变15例及放射性脑病导致颅高压1例。结论 以视乳头水肿首诊眼科的颅高压容易误诊及漏诊。首诊时晚期视神经萎缩患者居多。眼部高频B超及光学相干层析成像(OCT)可用以早期预测颅内压及视力预后。  相似文献   

10.
垂体腺瘤的眼部改变和误诊分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
邱翎  徐建国  于旭东 《眼视光学杂志》2002,4(2):120-120,128
目的 :探讨首诊于眼科的垂体腺瘤视功能损害及误诊原因 ,以提高对肿瘤的早期认识和促进诊断。方法 :对5 5例经手术病理证实的垂体腺瘤进行临床分析。结果 :视功能损害者 36例 ,视野缺损者 4 0例 ,以视力减退为首发症状就诊于眼科的 32例 ,误诊 14例。结论 :眼科医师在临床诊断过程中对视力、视野异常的患者需要综合分析 ,以避免或减少垂体肿瘤的误诊  相似文献   

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The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.
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Purpose

To establish evidence based guidelines to advise patients on the relationship between habits, diet, certain circumstances, diseases and glaucoma.

Methods

Review of all published articles on glaucoma and sports or other activities. The papers were classified according to the level of scientific evidence based on the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine classification.

Results

The evidence on the relationship between diet or supplements and the incidence or progression of glaucoma is insufficient to make a general recommendation for glaucoma patients. Although some studies on normal tension glaucoma suggest that Gingko biloba could reduce glaucoma progression, the results do not allow a general recommendation for all these patients. Similarly, the evidence on the usefulness of vitamin supplements is not conclusive. The studies on smoking do not clearly demonstrate the relationship between this habit and incidence of glaucoma. Marihuana is not a useful treatment for glaucoma. Although the results on the relationship between sleep apnoea and glaucoma are heterogeneous, it is recommended that patients with moderate to intense apnoea are tested for glaucoma. Pregnancy does not influence the course of the disease, but several hypotensive drugs may be harmful for the foetus. Nocturnal systemic hypotension is a risk factor for glaucoma progression.

Conclusions

Certain habits, circumstances, or diseases may have an influence on the onset or progression of glaucoma. It is important to have adequate information about the scientific evidence in the publications in order to properly advise patients.  相似文献   

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