为医学专利管理构筑便捷桥梁

医学专利转化工作是将医学科技转化为生产力的一个重要方面.复旦大学附属中山医院针对专利工作设置了专门机构进行规范的管理,并制定了相关制度及流程;注重培养有医学和专利管理双重背景的人才,对科研专利实施跟踪管理;为全院医务人员构筑专利转化平台,设立了专门针对医学科技的创新基金;通过合作商谈,多途径促进医学专利转化.目前我院的专利管理工作已不再是被动的事务性管理,而转变成主动服务和促进医院科研的管理工作.     

适应医院科研发展 完善医院科研管理机制

在医院快速发展的今天,科学研究是推动医院可持续发展的强大动力,而现代化的科研管理是促进医院科研全面发展、提升医院科技水平的必要条件.首都医科大学宣武医院科研领导结合医院的具体情况,注重强化科研管理意识,实施优良的科研管理方法,为“科教兴院、人才强院”的战略规划开辟道路,不断加强和完善科研管理机制.近几年来为顺应医院强势发展需要,医院在科研管理工作上采取了相应的跟进措施,取得了显著的成效.     

基层医院药事管理的工作体会

对于基层医院来说,药事管理是一份十分重要的工作,笔者在本文中就现代基层医院已经开展的药事管理工作实践经验,浅谈对基层医院药事管理的一些工作体会。同时,笔者在本文中还提出在当今形势下,我国基层医院中的药事管理工作的重点应该是向患者提供更好的服务,并提高医院的药学服务质量。此外,医院还要加强对于本院药师人才的培养。     

对转型之初三级综合性医院科研管理工作现状分析及对策——以昆山市第一人民医院为例

针对以往二级甲等综合性医院科研管理中存在的诸多问题,从创新科研管理模式,完善科研管理机制入手,对转型之初的新型三级乙等综合性医院科研管理工作中几个环节进行了分点阐述：尝试打破学术壁垒,强化科间协作;加大后备科研人才储备,增强科研实力;加大科技服务力度,优化科研管理流程;全面探索转型之初的新型三级乙等综合性医院科研管理工作,以适应未来医院发展需要,达到全面提升科研管理水平的目的.     

浅谈加强医学科研管理队伍建设

医学科研管理工作是医院管理工作的一个重要组成部分,是不断提高医疗技术水平和医疗质量的需要,应做到最优规划、最优决策和最优管理.医学科研管理的质量,直接关系到医院能否取得最佳经济效益和社会效益.目前,医学科研管理队伍,尤其是中青年队伍的整体素质已经不能适应医疗卫生体制改革的日益深入.运用激励机制,提高科研管理人员的自身素质,加强医学科研管理队伍的稳定和自身建设,建立一支良好的人才梯队和后备力量,是促进医学科研工作发展、提高医学科技水平的重要措施.     

基层医院科研管理工作的现状和思考

科研管理工作既是医院管理工作的组成部分,又具有特殊性,贯穿科研工作的始终。基层医院在发展过程中逐步认识到科研管理工作的重要性,并采取了一些措施提高科研管理水平,但还存在一些不足。该文在分析基层医院科研管理工作现状的基础上,探讨如何提高基层医院科研管理水平。     

基层医院医院感染管理的关键问题及对策

目的探讨基层医院医院感染管理存在的关键问题及对策。方法通过调查分析,提出基层医院医院感染管理存在的关键问题,探讨其有效对策。结果基层医院医院感染管理存在4个方面关键问题:医院领导、职工对医院感染管理工作认识不足;资金投入不够;医院感染管理人才短缺;医院感染管理制度的监督机制缺失。结论基层医院医院感染管理薄弱,需提升、加强。     

我院科研与教学相结合的实践与体会

我院是山东省医科大学的教学医院,除要完成正常的医疗任务外,还担负着培养医学人才和医学科学研究的双重任务。如何搞好科研与教学的结合,使其能够互相促进共同发展,完成培养高质量人才和促进科研发展,就成为我们管理工作的重要任务之一。本文从我院开展科研与教学相结合的实践出发,粗略地谈一谈我们的体会。 一、培养高质量人才,是科研与教学相结合的根本任务 科研与教学的根本任务是培养高质量的人才,同时也要出高水平的科研成果。医院进行科研工作既要为社会主义“四化”建设服务,也要为培养人才服务,这就使科研与教学在根     

浅议提高国家自然科学基金项目中标的管理举措

上海中医药大学附属普陀医院自2004年成为上海中医药大学附属医院以来，总计中标国家自然科学基金11项。在医院科研管理工作中，一贯坚持“院兴科教、科教兴院”宗旨，在营造科技文化氛围、培育严谨科研作风、夯实学科基础、培养精英人才、加强激励机制、打造科研品牌等方面，做了大量工作，取得了一定成绩。本文从医院科研管理的角度，就提高医院国家自然科学基金项目的中标率进行了初步探讨。     

太原市某社区医院2004—2010年卫生人才管理思考

目的了解2004—2010年期间太原市某基层医院人才建设管理情况,探明作为转型后的社区卫生服务机构在人才、科研与管理方面的发展与变化。方法通过查阅社区医院7年间相关数据资料,采用对比分析法,对医院管理思路、人才培养、职称队伍和科研论文等方面进行统计分析。结论作为转型的社区医院在人才建设的质和量增长尚不稳定,职称结构与科研素质等有待提高,尝试提出社区医院人才挖掘、人才培养和人才管理三步走的战略方针,以此对基层医院的人才管理发展提供参考与借鉴。     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Psychopathological features of a patient population of targets of workplace bullying

BACKGROUND: A strong association between workplace bullying and subsequent anxiety and depression, indicated by empirical research, suggests that bullying is an aetiological factor for mental health problems. AIMS: To evaluate levels of stress and anxiety-depression disorder developed by targets of workplace bullying together with outcome at 12 months and to characterize this population in terms of psychopathology and sociodemographic features. METHODS: Forty-eight patients (36 women and 12 men) meeting Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror criteria for bullying were included in a prospective study. Evaluations were performed at first consultation and at 12 months using a standard clinical interview, a visual analogue scale of stress, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale, the Beech scale of stress in the workplace and a projective test (Picture-Frustration Study). RESULTS: At first consultation, 81% of patients showed high levels of perceived stress at work and 83 and 52% presented with anxiety or depression, respectively. At 12 months, only 19% of working patients expressed a feeling of stress at work. There was a significant change in symptoms of anxiety while there was no change in symptoms of depression. Stress at work and depression influenced significatively capacity to go back to work. At 12-month assessments, workers showed a significantly better score on the HAD scale than non-workers. Over half the targets presented a neuroticism-related predominant personality trait. CONCLUSION: Workplace bullying can have severe mental health repercussions, triggering serious and persistent underlying disorders.     

The rise and fall in incidence of malignant mesothelioma from a British Naval Dockyard, 1979-1999

BACKGROUND: The incidence of malignant mesothelioma in Britain is predicted to rise over the next 15-25 years because of past failure to protect the workforce against inhalation of asbestos. In British Naval dockyards, alternative insulation materials and respiratory protection were introduced from the mid-1960s. Aims This study was carried out to investigate the effects of these control measures on mesothelioma deaths in dockyard workers. METHODS: Cases of mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum between 1979 and 1999 in workers from the Devonport Naval Dockyard, south-west England, were sought from coroners' and medico-legal records. RESULTS: Three hundred and one cases were identified, 7% peritoneal. The peak incidence occurred in 1991 with 25 cases per annum (quadratic model fit R(2) = 74.2%, P < 0.001) and we predict that by 2003 the incidence will fall to fewer than five cases per annum. The mean time between first exposure and presentation was 48.5 years [95% confidence interval (CI) = 47.3-49.8], but this was significantly shorter in the more heavily exposed trades, when compared with the less heavily exposed (42 years, 95% CI = 39.0-45.0, versus 49.5 years, 95% CI = 48.2-50.9). Those with higher exposure were also at significantly greater risk of peritoneal disease (P < 0.023, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSION: The reduction in incidence of mesothelioma is greater than can be accounted for by reduction in numbers of dockyard workers over the last 50 years. Changes in insulation materials and improved industrial hygiene measures introduced into the Devonport Dockyard from the mid-1960s have resulted in an earlier decline in the incidence of malignant mesothelioma than that predicted for the British workforce as a whole.     

Die sogenannte Vinylchlorid-Krankheit—eine berufsbedingte Systemsklerose?

Zusammenfassung Es wurden 13 Arbeiter untersucht, die zwischen 1 3/4 und 18 Jahren in einem PVC-herstellenden Betrieb beschäftigt waren. 8 von ihnen wiesen sklerodermieartige Hautveränderungen (Abb. 2) auf, die histologisch charakterisiert sind durch Verbreiterung und Homogenisierung der kollagenen Faserbündel (Abb. 3 u. 4) sowie Fragmentation und Rarefizierung der elastischen Fasern (Abb. 5). Bei 7 Patienten bestanden trommelschlegelartige Auftreibungen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 1). 11 Patienten zeigten Durchblutungsstörungen der Extremitäten (4 von diesen ein Raynaud-Syndrom) und 6 Patienten Acroosteolysen einzelner Fingerendphalangen (Abb. 6, Tabellen 1–3).Darüber hinaus bestand bei allen Patienten eine Thrombocytopenie, bei 12 Patienten eine Splenomegalie, bei 11 Patienten eine Einschränkung der Leberfunktion (erhöhte BSP-Retention). An der Leber ließ sich histologisch bei den 5 laparoskopierten Patienten eine deutliche Fibrosierung der Portalfelder nachweisen. Bei 4 Patienten bestanden Oesophagusvaricen (Tabellen 4 u. 5). 8 Patienten zeigten eine Partialinsuffizienz mit Hinweisen für vorwiegend restriktive Veränderungen.Die hier beschriebenen Veränderungen gehen weit über das bisher bekannte Acroosteolysesyndrom hinaus. Es wird der dringende Verdacht geäußert, daß langfristige Vinylchlorid-Exposition dieses komplexe Krankheitsbild verursacht. Daher wird für diese systemische Krankheit die Bezeichnung Vinylchlorid-Krankheit vorgeschlagen.Wir danken Frau E. Voigtländer für die Herstellung der klinischen und histologischen Abbildungen.     

Organophosphate toxicity and occupational exposure

The ubiquitous organophosphates present a continuing health hazard in agriculture, public health eradication programmes and as chemical warfare agents. Despite significant progress in understanding the potential mechanisms of toxicity far beyond the commonly accepted mechanism of cholinesterase inhibition in intentional exposures, the precise health effects following occupational exposures are yet to be completely defined. A much greater understanding exists of the clinical features of organophosphate poisoning. These are characterized by a triphasic response involving an initial acute cholinergic phase, an intermediate syndrome (both associated with high mortality) and a disabling but non-lethal delayed polyneuropathy. The delayed polyneuropathy may occur in the absence of the cholinergic or intermediate phases. However, progress is still required in order to improve the quantification and assessment of occupational exposures and the implementation of appropriate preventive measures. Finally, evidence-based guidelines for appropriate or optimal therapeutic interventions following poisoning are required urgently and collaborative work with colleagues in developing countries, where the occurrence of organophosphate exposures is more frequent, may provide the answers.     

Miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners

This report documents a case series of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in miners at a deep underground metalliferous mine in tropical arid Australia. During the summer months of February and March 1999, all cases of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners seen at the mine's medical centre were clinically examined and administered a questionnaire. Twenty-five patients were seen, an incidence of 56.4 cases per million man-hours. Miliaria rubra was most often located between the ankle and knee (88% of cases). Twenty-four percent had concurrent folliculitis and 20% had concurrent tinea. Thirty-two percent had a personal history of asthma. Walking through ground-water and splashing of the legs was common. Three to 4 weeks of sedentary duties in air conditioning was generally required to achieve resolution of miliaria rubra. The incidence of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs is 38% of the incidence of heat exhaustion at the same mine. The length of disablement is greater, however. Atopics may be at increased risk of miliaria rubra. Control measures are discussed.     

Planning research

The starting point for any research project should be a question.Once this has been defined and the relevant scientific literaturereviewed, a protocol should be drawn up. This will be used notonly as a guide to the conduct of the study and in the preparationof the final report, but also in seeking any financial supportand approvals that are required for the investigation. A protocolis normally arranged in sections covering the background tothe study, the question(s) that it will address, the methodsthat will be used for the collection and analysis of data, thestatistical power of the investigation (where relevant), anyethical considerations, and the financial input that will beneeded. A pilot study is often helpful where aspects of thestudy method are untried or of uncertainvalidity.