医学生头发中铜、锌、铁、锰、钙、铅含量检测及分析

目的 了解在校医学生的饮食结构和微量元素的水平,培养大学生良好的饮食习惯和生活方式.方法 用原子吸收光谱法测定130名在校大学生头发中铜、锌、铁、锰、钙、镁、铅的含量,同时测定学生食堂部分粮食、蔬菜中微量元素的含量.结果 所测元素水平与国内文献报道的基本一致;男生头发铁含量显著高于女生,女生头发锰含量显著高于男生;其他元素未见明显的性别差异.结论 大学生头发中的微量元素存在着性别差异,此特征对今后的微量元素与健康的研究具有重要的参考价值与指导意义.     

机体代谢变化与晕船的关系

目的　探讨晕船对血清铁、铜、锌、尿素氮、肌酐、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶的影响。方法　以 3 0名 2 0～ 2 2岁男学员为研究对象 ,测定出航前与晕船发生后的血清铁、铜、锌和尿素氮、肌酐、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶的变化。结果　出航前、后受试者血清锌、铁、尿素氮、肌酐的含量分别为 (10 60± 0 3 3 ) μmol/L ,(2 0 48± 0 96) μmol/L ,(4 2 9±0 18)mmol/L ,(88 13± 3 0 3 ) μmol/L和 (11 98± 0 44 ) μmol/L ,(9 68± 0 66) μmol/L ,(7 11± 0 3 0 )mmol/L ,(10 8 5 9± 3 90 ) μmol/L ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1) ;血清铜、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶在航行前后分别为 (14 2 9± 1 10 ) μmol/L、(12 9 3 3± 4 12 )U/L、(2 17 13± 40 0 4)U/L和 (13 67± 0 5 6) μmol/L、(146 63± 9 2 2 )U/L、(148 0 7± 9 94)U/L ,无显著性差异。结论　晕船对血清微量元素和尿素氮、肌酐含量有显著影响 ,表现为血清锌、尿素氮、肌酐显著升高 ,血清铁显著下降 ,而对血清铜、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶无明显影响     

Spatial,Ecologic, and Clinical Epidemiology of Community-Onset,Ceftriaxone-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae,Cook County,Illinois, USA

We performed a spatial and mixed ecologic study of community-onset Enterobacteriaceae isolates collected from a public healthcare system in Cook County, Illinois, USA. Individual-level data were collected from the electronic medical record and census tract–level data from the US Census Bureau. Associations between individual- and population-level characteristics and presence of ceftriaxone resistance were determined by logistic regression analysis. Spatial analysis confirmed nonrandom distribution of ceftriaxone resistance across census tracts, which was associated with higher percentages of Hispanic, foreign-born, and uninsured residents. Individual-level analysis showed that ceftriaxone resistance was associated with male sex, an age range of 35–85 years, race or ethnicity other than non-Hispanic Black, inpatient encounter, and percentage of foreign-born residents in the census tract of isolate provenance. Our findings suggest that the likelihood of community-onset ceftriaxone resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is influenced by geographic and population-level variables. The development of effective mitigation strategies might depend on better accounting for these factors.     

Update: multistate outbreak of monkeypox--Illinois,Indiana, Kansas,Missouri, Ohio,and Wisconsin, 2003

CDC and state and local health departments continue to investigate cases of monkeypox among persons in the United States who had contact with wild or exotic mammalian pets or with persons with monkeypox. This report updates results of the epidemiologic investigation, provides information on the use of smallpox vaccine during the outbreak, and summarizes the animal tracing activities to identify the origin and subsequent distribution of infected animals.     

Update: multistate outbreak of monkeypox--Illinois,Indiana, Kansas,Missouri, Ohio,and Wisconsin, 2003

CDC and state and local health departments continue to investigate cases of monkeypox among persons who had contact with wild or exotic mammalian pets or persons with monkeypox. This report updates epidemiologic, laboratory, and smallpox vaccine use data for U.S. cases, and summarizes the laboratory-based evidence implicating imported African rodents as the probable source of the outbreak.     

Update: multistate outbreak of monkeypox--Illinois,Indiana, Kansas,Missouri, Ohio,and Wisconsin, 2003

CDC and state and local health departments continue to investigate cases of monkeypox among persons who had contact with wild or exotic mammalian pets or persons with monkeypox. This report updates epidemiologic, laboratory, and smallpox vaccine use data for U.S. cases.     

Update: multistate outbreak of monkeypox--Illinois,Indiana, Kansas,Missouri, Ohio,and Wisconsin, 2003

CDC and state and local health departments continue to investigate cases of monkeypox among persons who had close contact with wild or exotic mammalian pets or persons with monkeypox. This report updates epidemiologic, laboratory, and animal data for U.S. cases.     

The what,who, why,where, when,and how of primary prevention

This paper discusses primary prevention's basic tenets and generic principles. It describes its essential elements and explains how prevention's technology of education, social competency, community organization/systems intervention, and natural caregiving can be used to prevent dysfunctional behaviors while promoting healthy lifestyles.