硝化甘油毒性研究

本文报道了硝化甘油的急性和亚慢性毒性。主要急性毒作用是对循环、中枢神经及血液系统的作用。大鼠及小鼠经口的LD50分别为428.4mg/kg和390.4mg/kg,小鼠腹腔注射LD50为252.5mg/kg。亚慢性毒性:200mg/kg剂量组12/14动物死亡,80及40mg/kg组出现明显中毒,20mg/kg组出现轻度中毒,中毒主要表现为高铁血红蛋白血症、睾丸组织萎缩及大剂量影响心脏舒缩功能。     

十三吗啉原药的安全性评价

目的研究十三吗啉原药的急性和亚慢性毒性及致突变性,对其进行安全性评价。方法按照GB15670-1995《农药登记毒理学实验方法》进行实验。结果雌性大鼠急性经口LD50为562mg/kg,雄性大鼠为68lmg/kg,雌雄性大鼠急性经皮LD50均大于2000mg/kg。小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠睾丸精母细胞染色体畸变试验和Ames试验均为阴性。大鼠亚慢性经口毒性试验雌雄性大鼠的未见有害作用量(NOAEL)值分别为(7.47±0.61)mg/(kg·d)和(20.27±1.06)mg/(kg·d);雌雄性大鼠的基准剂量可信限下限(BMDL)值分别为25.58、35.57mg/(kg·d)。结论十三吗啉急性经口、经皮毒性均属低毒级,无致突变性。大鼠亚慢性经口毒性NOAEL值,雌雄结果差异较大,为克服其方法在评价中的不足,结果大鼠亚慢性经口毒性阈值采用BMDL值。     

硝基胍的毒性研究

目的对硝基胍的毒性进行研究,为制订卫生标准提供依据.方法包括急性毒性试验、蓄积毒性试验及亚慢性毒性试验.结果硝基胍大鼠经口LD50为8 066 mg/kg,小鼠经口LD50为10 044 mg/kg,蓄积系数大于5.3.亚慢性毒性试验中,高剂量组雄性大鼠在染毒第3周和第8周,体重有明显的负增长(P＜0.05);高剂量组雄性大鼠睾丸脏器系数明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);红细胞免疫功能测定结果显示,中、高剂量组大鼠红细胞受体花环率分别为10.00±2.37和7.50±2.66,明显低于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).其余各项指标未见明显改变.结论硝基胍属于微毒级毒物,轻度蓄积,亚慢性毒性试验对动物有一定的影响.     

丙炔菊酯的毒性研究

目的 了解丙炔菊酯的急性与亚慢万籁 毒辣性、刺激性、突变性和致敏性。方法 按国家标准GB15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》进行大鼠急性经口、经皮与吸入毒性试验。小鼠急性皮下、腹腔注射试验。皮肤致敏试验,Ames试验和亚慢性经口试验,结果 大鼠急性经口LD50;雌性为501mg/kg,雄性为926mg/dkg;经皮LD50;雌性为2610mg/kg,雄性大于2150mg/kg;急性吸入LC50为471.5dmg/dm^3;小鼠急性皮下注射LD50;雌性为2710mg/kg,雄性为2370mg/kg;急性腹腔注射KL50;雌、雄鼠均为316mg/kg;眼、皮肤刺激为轻度刺激性;Ames试验为阴性;皮肤致敏率为6.7%;亚慢性经口毒性试验最大无作用剂量为每天2.340mg/kg。结论 丙炔菊酯的急性经口、经皮毒性为低毒级,急性吸入毒性为中毒级;为弱致敏物,无致突变性。     

溴氰菊酯毒性和致突变性的研究

目的　了解溴氰菊酯的毒性、刺激性、蓄积毒性、致敏性和致突变性。方法　按标准方法分别作大小鼠急性经口毒性 ;大鼠经皮、吸入毒性 ;皮肤、眼刺激性 ;大鼠蓄积毒性和亚慢性经口毒性试验 ;豚鼠致敏试验 ;致突变试验包括Ames、小鼠骨髓微核和睾丸精母细胞染色体畸变试验。结果　大小鼠急性LD50 分别为 2 78mg/kg和 5 6 2mg/kg ;大鼠经皮LD50 >2 0 0 0mg/kg ;急性吸入LC50 >3 0 0 0mg/m3 ;无皮肤刺激性 ,轻度眼刺激性 ;蓄积系数 2 3 ;致敏率为 0 ;Ames试验结果阴性 ;微核和染色体在高剂量组 ( 11 2 4mg/kg)与阴性对照组相比有高度显著性差异 (P <0 0 1) ;大鼠 90天亚慢性经口的最大无作用剂量为 2 82 5mg/kg。结论　溴氰菊酯有明显的蓄积作用 ,为弱致敏物 ,一定剂量下可引起骨髓微核和睾丸精母细胞染色体畸变率增加 ,提示它是一种可能致突变物     

环丙唑醇的急性和亚慢性毒性研究

为探讨环丙唑醇对大鼠的急性和亚慢性经口毒性，在急性试验中设低（215 mg/kg）、中（464 mg/kg）、次高（1 000 mg/kg）和高（2 150 mg/kg）4个剂量染毒组；在亚慢性试验中设对照组和低、中、高剂量染毒组，雌/雄性大鼠实际染毒剂量分别为1.38/1.18、7.93/7.18、47.70/48.60 mg/kg。结果显示，大鼠环丙唑醇急性经口半数致死剂量（LD50）为316 mg/kg，亚慢性经口染毒大鼠部分血液指标和肝组织病理发生改变。环丙唑醇最大无作用剂量（NOAEL）分别为1.38/7.18 mg/kg（雌/雄），长期暴露对动物肝脏具有毒性作用。     

二硝酰胺铵的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性研究

目的 对新型含能材料二硝酰胺铵(ADN)的急性毒性、亚急性毒性和亚慢性毒性进行研究,确定ADN的急性毒性分级、毒作用性质及靶器官.方法 根据《化学品毒性鉴定技术规范》,采用大鼠和小鼠急性经口毒性试验、亚急性经口(28d)毒性试验和亚慢性经口(90d)毒性试验.结果 (1)急性经口毒性试验结果表明,ADN对小鼠的经口半数致死剂量LD50为568.9 mg/kg,大鼠为616.6 mg/kg,急性毒性分级属低毒级化学物.(2)亚急性经口(28d)毒性试验结果表明,雌、雄鼠123 mg/kg剂量组体重增长明显低于对照组;61.6、123 mg/kg剂量组血清中总胆红素、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶活力明显高于对照组,肝/体比值明显低于对照组.(3)亚慢性经口(90d)毒性试验结果表明,从染毒第5周开始,123 mg/kg剂量组雌性大鼠体重增长幅度明显降低,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);61.6、123mg/kg剂量组血清中总胆红素、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶活力高于对照组,肝/体比值明显低于对照组,肝脏病变检出例数明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 ADN急性毒性分级属低毒级,其无可见有害作用水平(NOAEL)为30.8 mg/kg,毒作用的靶器官主要为肝脏.     

党参的毒理学试验研究

目的通过试验观察党参的急性经口毒性、遗传毒性以及亚慢性毒性,为进一步开发利用党参提供科学依据。方法对党参进行急性经口毒性测定;通过细菌回复突变试验、哺乳动物红细胞微核试验及小鼠精母细胞染色体畸变试验对其遗传毒性进行评价;对大鼠进行90 d经口毒性试验,通过血液学指标、血生化指标、尿常规指标、食物利用率及脏体比等指标对其亚慢性毒性进行评价。结果党参的急性经口毒性LD50 40. 0 g/kg BW,3项遗传毒性试验均为阴性,亚慢性毒性试验各项指标均为阴性。结论党参在此次试验条件下未见急性毒性、遗传毒性以及亚慢性毒性。     

黄芪的毒理学试验研究

目的通过试验观察黄芪的急性经口毒性、遗传毒性以及亚慢性毒性,为进一步开发利用黄芪提供了科学依据。方法对黄芪进行急性经口毒性测定;通过细菌回复突变试验、哺乳动物红细胞微核试验及小鼠精母细胞染色体畸变试验对其遗传毒性进行评价;对大鼠进行90 d经口毒性试验,通过血液学指标、血生化指标、尿常规指标、食物利用率及脏体比等指标对其亚慢性毒性进行评价。结果黄芪的急性经口毒性LD5062.0 g/kg BW,3项遗传毒性试验均为阴性,亚慢性毒性试验各项指标均为阴性。结论黄芪在此次试验条件下未见急性毒性、遗传毒性以及亚慢性毒性。     

杀扑磷的毒性研究

目的　研究杀扑磷原药的急性和亚慢性毒性及致突变性 ,求出最大无作用剂量。方法　按照GB 15 670 -1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和GB 15 193 -94进行试验。结果　雌性大鼠LD50 为 3 8 3mg/kg ,雄性大鼠为 3 1 6mg/kg。小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸变试验均为阴性。大鼠亚慢性经口毒性试验显示 ,11 67mg/kg和 3 5 0 0mg/kg饲料组全血胆碱酯酶活力抑制明显 ,3 5 0 0mg/kg饲料组 ,雌性大鼠总摄食量明显减少。结论　杀扑磷的最大无作用剂量为 :雌性大鼠(1 2 6± 0 0 8)mg/ (kg·d) ,雄性大鼠 (0 40± 0 0 4)mg/ (kg·d)。     

Determination of total antioxidant activity in three types of local vegetables shoots and the cytotoxic effect of their ethanolic extracts against different cancer cell lines

Antioxidants play an important role in inhibiting and scavenging radicals, thus providing protection to humans against infections and degenerative diseases. Literature shows that the antioxidant activity is high on herbal and vegetable plants. Realizing the fact, this research was carried out to determine total antioxidant activity and the potential anticancer properties in three types of selected local vegetable shoots such as Diplazium esculentum (paku shoot), Manihot utillissima (tapioca shoot) and Sauropous androgynus (cekur manis). The research was also done to determine the effect of boiling, on total antioxidant activity whereby samples of fresh shoots are compared with samples of boiled shoots. In every case, antioxidant activity is compared to alpha-tocopherol and two methods of extraction used are the organic and the aqueous methods. Besides that, two research methods used were the ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) with absorbance of 500 nm and 532 nm respectively. Oneway ANOVA test at P <0.05 determines significant differences between various samples. In the cytotoxic study, the ethanolic extract and several cell lines i.e. breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7), colon cancer (Caco-2), liver cancer (HepG2) and normal liver (Chang liver) were used. The IC50-value was determined by using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. The antioxidant study found that all the samples in both aqueous and organic extraction were significantly different. The total antioxidant activity values of aqueous extract in descending order are as follows : M. utilissima (fresh)> D. esculentum (fresh) > S.androgynus (fresh) > M.utilissima (boiled) > D. esculentum (boiled) > S.androgynus (boiled). It also was found that S.androgynus shoots ethanolic extract was able to inhibit the viability of the breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 with the IC subset 50 value of 53.33 microg/ml. However, S.androgynus shoots and D. esculentum shoots ethanolic extracts did not inhibit the viability of MDA-MB-231 cell line. While, the tapioca shoot ethanolic extract was able to inhibit the viability of MCF-7 cell line with the IC50 value of 52.49 microg/ml. S.androgynus shoots and D.esculentum shoots ethanolic extracts did not give an IC50 value against the MCF-7 cell line. S.androgynus, tapioca and D.esculentum shoots ethanolic extracts did not show cytotoxic effect against the Caco-2 and HepG2. There was no IC50-value from any sample against Chang Liver cell line. In conclusion, the antioxidant activity of both fresh and boiled samples were higher than alpha-tocopherol, although fresh vegetable shoots were found to be higher in antioxidant activity compared to boiled shoots. This study also suggested that S.androgynus shoots and tapioca shoots have potential as an anticancer agent against certain breast tumours.     

Determination of total antioxidant activity in three types of local vegetables shoots and the cytotoxic effect of their ethanolic extracts against different cancer cell lines

Antioxidants play an important role in inhibiting and scavenging radicals, thus providing protection to humans against infections and degenerative diseases. Literature shows that the antioxidant activity is high on herbal and vegetable plants. Realizing the fact, this research was carried out to determine total antioxidant activity and the potential anticancer properties in three types of selected local vegetable shoots such as Diplazium esculentum (paku shoot), Manihot utillissima (tapioca shoot) and Sauropous androgynus (cekur manis). The research was also done to determine the effect of boiling, on total antioxidant activity whereby samples of fresh shoots are compared with samples of boiled shoots. In every case, antioxidant activity is compared to alpha-tocopherol and two methods of extraction used are the organic and the aqueous methods. Besides that, two research methods used were the ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) with absorbance of 500nm and 532nm respectively. Oneway ANOVA test at P<0.05 determines significant differences between various samples. In the cytotoxic study, the ethanolic extract and several cell lines i.e. breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7), colon cancer (Caco-2), liver cancer (HepG2) and normal liver (Chang liver) were used. The IC(50)-value was determined by using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. The antioxidant study found that all the samples in both aqueous and organic extraction were significantly different. The total antioxidant activity values of aqueous extract in descending order are as follows: M. utilissima (fresh) >D. esculentum (fresh) >S.androgynus (fresh) > M.utilissima (boiled) > D. esculentum (boiled) > S.androgynus (boiled). It also was found that S.androgynus shoots ethanolic extract was able to inhibit the viability of the breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 with the IC50 value of 53.33 micrograms/ml. However, S.androgynus shoots and D. esculentum shoots ethanolic extracts did not inhibit the viability of MDA-MB-231 cell line. While, the tapioca shoot ethanolic extract was able to inhibit the viability of MCF-7 cell line with the IC(50) value of 52.49 micrograms/ml. S.androgynus shoots and D.esculentum shoots ethanolic extracts did not give an IC(50) value against the MCF-7 cell line. S.androgynus, tapioca and D.esculentum shoots ethanolic extracts did not show cytotoxic effect against the Caco-2 and HepG2. There was no IC(50)-value from any sample against Chang Liver cell line. In conclusion, the antioxidant activity of both fresh and boiled samples were higher than alpha-tocopherol, although fresh vegetable shoots were found to be higher in antioxidant activity compared to boiled shoots. This study also suggested that S.androgynus shoots and tapioca shoots have potential as an anticancer agent against certain breast tumours.     

Estimation of proximate composition, micronutrients and phytochemical compounds in traditional vegetables from Andaman and Nicobar Islands

In present study, 10 preferred traditional vegetables from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, were analysed for nutritional profiles. Moisture content in their edible parts ranged from 83.43 to 94.78%. Maximum ash content was recorded in Portulaca oleracea, crude protein in Colocasia esculenta, crude fibre in Eryngium foetidum and fat in E. foetidum. Phosphorus was maximum in Ipomea aquatica, potassium in C. esculenta, zinc, calcium and manganese in Centella asiatica, copper in Sauropus androgynous, sodium and iron in P. oleracea, magnesium in Amaranthus viridi and cobalt in C. esculenta. Maximum polyphenol was recorded in Hibiscus sabdariffa, carotenoids in A. viridi, ascorbic acid in Saursops androgynus, anthocyanin in C. esculenta and chlorophyll in S. androgynus. Antioxidant activity was maximum in P. oleracea. Positive correlation was observed between polyphenol and tannin content and also between antioxidant activity and photochemicals. The developed nutritional profiles is being used in health and nutrition related schemes in Islands.     

木聚糖酶毒性的初步研究

[目的]研究木聚糖酶的急性毒性、遗传毒性和亚急性毒性。[方法]小鼠急性毒性试验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、大鼠30d喂养试验。[结果]木聚糖酶雌、雄小鼠LD50均大于10．0g／kg，属实际无毒物质；Ames试验、微核试验和精子畸形试验结果均为阴性；大鼠30d喂养试验结果显示该样品30d喂养对大鼠各项观察指标未见毒性作用。[结论]在本次实验条件下，木聚糖酶为实际无毒物质，未显示有遗传毒性和亚急性毒性。     

Toxicity assessment of sediments from three European river basins using a sediment contact test battery

The toxicity of four polluted sediments and their corresponding reference sediments from three European river basins were investigated using a battery of six sediment contact tests representing three different trophic levels. The tests included were chronic tests with the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the mudsnail Potamopyrgus antipodarum, a sub-chronic test with the midge Chironomus riparius, an early life stage test with the zebra fish Danio rerio, and an acute test with the luminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri. The endpoints, namely survival, growth, reproduction, embryo development and light inhibition, differed between tests. The measured effects were compared to sediment contamination translated into toxic units (TU) on the basis of acute toxicity to Daphnia magna and Pimephales promelas, and multi-substance Potentially Affected Fractions of species (msPAF) as an estimate for expected community effects. The test battery could clearly detect toxicity of the polluted sediments with test-specific responses to the different sediments. The msPAF and TU-based toxicity estimations confirmed the results of the biotests by predicting a higher toxic risk for the polluted sediments compared to the corresponding reference sediments, but partly having a different emphasis from the biotests. The results demonstrate differences in the sensitivities of species and emphasize the need for data on multiple species, when estimating the effects of sediment pollution on the benthic community.     

Effects of Tetrachloroethylene on the Viability and Development of Embryos of the Japanese Medaka, Oryzias latipes

We evaluated the acute toxicity of Tetrachloroethylene (C₂Cl₄), and investigated its sub-chronic effects on the embryonic development of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). One-day-old eggs/embryos of this fish species were exposed, under static renewal conditions, to serial concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/L) of C₂Cl₄ for 96 h (acute) and 10 days (sub-chronic) time periods. The toxic endpoints evaluated included: egg/embryo viability, hatchability, and morphological/developmental abnormalities. The acute toxicity test resulted in a 96 h-LC₅₀ of 27.0 (19.5–32.9) mg/L for egg viability. Exposure of eggs to sub-chronic concentrations (0, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 25 mg/L) of C₂Cl₄ significantly reduced hatchability and larval survival, in a concentration dependent manner. At the highest tested concentration (25 mg/L) of the sub-lethal exposure, larval survival was greatly reduced to within three days post-hatch. The lowest tested concentration (1.5 mg/L) produced a significant number of developmental effects to the Japanese medaka, including abnormal development of the circulatory system, yolk-sac edema, pericardial edema, scoliosis, hemorrhaging, blood pooling, and defects in heart morphology. The severity of these abnormalities was concentration-dependent. It can be concluded from these results that tetrachloroethylene is teratogenic to the Japanese medaka. Received: 20 February 2001/Accepted: 21 December 2001     

国产改性聚乙烯宫内节育器毒性研究

为确保国产改性聚乙烯宫内节育器的临床使用安全，遂对该产品进行了急性毒性、遗传毒性、亚慢性毒性、致畸作用等实验研究。结果显示,在本实验余件下,对受试动物不产生明显急慢性毒性反应，亦未见诱发致畸、致突变作用。提示该宫内节育器是安全的。     

3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮对大鼠亚急性毒性实验研究

目的 探讨新型含能材料3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮(3-nitro-1,2,4-triagol-5 -one,NTO)的亚急性经口毒性效应,为亚慢性毒性或慢性毒性实验提供剂量设定依据.方法 按照《化学品毒性鉴定技术规范》,选择健康成年SD大鼠44只,雌雄各半,随机分为对照组、NTO 250、500和1 000 mg/kg染毒组.染毒组用NTO-植物油混悬液灌胃(10 ml/kg),对照组用等量植物油灌胃,经口连续灌胃28 d.观察大鼠体质量、脏/体比;分析红细胞、白细胞计数等10项血常规指标;血清天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、尿素氮、肌酐(Cr)水平等12项生化指标.取心、肝、脾等7种脏器进行病理组织学检查.结果 中、高剂量组雄性大鼠体质量增长缓慢,睾丸/体比值低于对照组.高剂量组雄性大鼠平均红细胞体积升高,雌性大鼠淋巴细胞百分比降低,低、中、高剂量组血清AST活力明显升高,高剂量组血清Cr升高,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).与对照组比较,中、高剂量组大鼠肝脏、肾脏和睾丸病理组织学检查显示发生病变.结论 NTO对大鼠肝脏、肾脏和睾丸有一定的损伤作用.     

某种含葛根黄酮的保健食品的急性毒性和遗传毒性研究

[目的]研究某种含葛根黄酮的保健食品的急性毒性和遗传毒性,为葛根黄酮的开发利用提供依据。[方法]应用小鼠急性经口毒性试验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验对该含葛根黄酮的保健食品的毒性进行了试验观察。[结果]该含葛根黄酮的保健食品对雌雄小鼠LD50均大于10 000 mg/kg.bw,属实际无毒物质;Ames试验中受试物各剂量组回变菌落数均未超过自发回变菌落数的2倍,亦无剂量-反应关系,结果为阴性;小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验中各剂量组微核率、精子畸形率与阴性对照组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而环磷酰胺阳性对照组与阴性对照组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),证明实验结果均为阴性。[结论]本次实验条件下,该含葛根黄酮的保健食品属实际无毒物质,未显示有遗传毒性作用。     

苦瓜水提取物对小鼠的急性经口毒性和遗传毒性实验研究

目的了解苦瓜水提取物的急性经口毒性和遗传毒性，为苦瓜的开发利用提供实验依据。方法按照GB15193—2003《食品安全性毒理学评价程序和方法》进行急性经口毒性实验、Ames实验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核实验及小鼠精子畸形实验。结果苦瓜水提取物的急性经口LD50〉21500mg/kg bw；三项遗传毒性实验结果均为阴性。结论苦瓜水提取物对小鼠的急性经口毒性属无毒，未见遗传毒性作用。