灭蝇灯对不同蝇种灭效的比较

为探讨有效灭蝇方法 ,用ＭＦＣＱ910 0型灭蝇灯对 6种苍蝇进行试验。1　材料1.1　灭蝇灯　为ＭＦＣＱ910 0型灭蝇灯。1.2　受试蝇种　 (1)家蝇 :由本站饲养室提供 ;(2 )巨尾阿丽蝇 :早春将鲜鱼剖开置入罐头瓶中放于草地 ,巨尾阿丽蝇在鱼体上产卵后 ,取回放实验室饲养 ,幼虫化蛹后放入装有湿锯木屑的罐头瓶中 ,盖上纱盖 ,羽化后于笼中用水、奶粉、红糖饲养 ;(3)丝光绿蝇及棕尾别麻蝇 :夏天用鱼块诱卵 ,化蛹后按蛹的体型分为两类后分别羽化 ,可得丝光绿蝇和棕尾别麻蝇 ,饲养方法同上 ;(4 )大头金蝇 :野外采蛹 ,置入装有湿锯木屑的罐头瓶中 ,盖…     

石家庄机场口岸室外成蝇的本底调查报告

〔目的〕建立石家庄机场口岸蝇类本底资料。〔方法〕从1999年4月～2000年4月对石家庄机场室外蝇类成蝇的种群构成,密度,季节消长情况进行了调查。〔结果〕捕获成蝇2628只,分为4科11属11种;石家庄机场常见蝇类按全年种群构成依次为丝光丽蝇,大头金蝇,棕尾别麻蝇,巨尾阿丽蝇,家蝇,毛腹雪种蝇,厩腐蝇;不同季节有各自的优势种群;各成蝇蝇种在石家庄机场出现及发生高峰的时期不同。〔结论〕机场周围地区仍存在着蝇类孳生地,出入境检验检疫机关应组织机场有关部门及周围居民,开展经常性的灭蝇工作,以防止传染病的发生。     

2007年济南市农村蝇类种群与密度调查

[目的]了解济南市农村蝇类密度与种类分布情况,为制订有效地蝇类防制措施提供依据.[方法]2007年5月,在济南市选择槐荫区(黄河以南)、商河县(黄河以北)农村选择6个村庄,采用捕蝇笼诱捕法进行蝇类密度和种类分布调查.[结果]蝇类密度(只/笼·8 h),5月15～17日黄河以南4个村庄为(33.50±60.37),黄河以北2个村庄为(31.10±28.33)(P>0.05);5月15～17日饲养牛羊的2个村庄为(86.40±60.05),未饲养牛羊的2个村庄为(7.60±8.77)(P<0.01).在黄河以南2个村庄捕获的629只苍蝇分属丽蝇科(占28.62%)、蝇科(占56.60%)、麻蝇科(占13.67%)、花蝇科(占1.11%),包括巨尾阿丽蝇、大头金蝇、丝光绿蝇、棕尾别麻蝇、尾黑麻蝇、横带花蝇、家蝇.[结论]济南市黄河南、北农村蝇类密度相近,饲养牛羊村庄蝇类密度较高.     

金华市区优势蝇种数量的季节消长

自 1998年 6月至 11月和 1999年 3月至 11月 ,以笼捕法对金华市区优势蝇种数量的季节消长进行了分析和研究。结果表明 ,金华市区的优势蝇种是大头金蝇、市蝇、丝光绿蝇和铜绿蝇 ,在一些月份中巨尾阿丽蝇也成为当月的优势种。大头金蝇的数量季节消长是以夏季为高峰的单峰型 ,市蝇是以夏秋季为高峰的单峰型 ,丝光绿蝇和铜绿蝇是以春秋季为高峰的双峰型 ,巨尾阿丽蝇只在早春和晚秋出现。     

2013年大连市不同生态环境蝇类密度及种群结构分析

目的了解大连市农贸市场、餐饮外环境、绿化带和居民区等不同生态环境蝇类种群构成及其季节变化规律,为蝇类防制提供科学依据。方法 2013年4—11月采用捕蝇笼法调查不同环境蝇种构成和种群密度、重要蝇种季节消长。结果大连市常见蝇种有3科7亚科10属11种,优势种依次为丝光绿蝇、大头金蝇、厩腐蝇、黑尾黑麻蝇、家蝇、巨尾阿丽蝇,平均密度指数为22.30,蝇类活动高峰期为6—9月,不同生态环境密度指数最高的为绿化带(41.21),其次是居民区(37.50)、农贸市场(19.08),最低的为餐饮外环境(6.85)。结论大连地区蝇类种群密度较高,活动季节较长,种类较丰富。防治工作应以6~9月为重点,并充分考虑丝光绿蝇、大头金蝇、厩腐蝇、黑尾黑麻蝇、家蝇、巨尾阿丽蝇的生活习性。     

武汉市江夏区蝇类种群动态调查研究

目的了解江夏区纸纺街2010年蝇类的种群动态,为蝇传疾病的预防和灭蝇工作提供理论依据。方法蝇类采用笼诱法。结果蝇类有4科7属11种,家蝇、丝光绿蝇、大头金蝇和巨尾阿丽蝇为优势种,分别占蝇类总数的34.8%、18.4%、13.7%和13.4%;家蝇密度季节消长曲线呈双峰状,丝光绿蝇和大头金蝇呈单峰状,而巨尾阿丽蝇呈多峰状。年均蝇密度为:农贸市场>绿化带>餐饮外环境>居民区。优势蝇种优势度季节消长曲线和密度季节消长基本一致。结论家蝇、丝光绿蝇和大头金蝇为主要防治对象,全区5-11月应开展灭蝇工作。     

武夷山口岸蝇类种群密度及季节消长观察

目的了解武夷山口岸蝇类的种群密度与季节消长规律。方法选择武夷山机场及其周边3个自然村为观察点,采用笼诱法,每旬观察1次,以每次平均捕蝇数计算蝇密度〔只/(日·笼)〕。结果本次调查共捕获各种蝇类13929只,隶属6科32属51种;平均密度48.4只/(日·笼);大头金蝇为当地优势蝇种,占全部捕蝇数的43.07%,其次为巨尾阿丽蝇、丝光绿蝇、家蝇,分别占15.16%、8.56%和8.08%。4～5月为当地蝇类活动高峰期,但不同蝇种的活动高峰期各异,大头金蝇主要出现于4～10月;家蝇的高峰期分别出现于4、10月份;丝光绿蝇出现于4～9月,而巨尾阿丽蝇则于冬春季的1～4月为活动高峰。结论武夷山口岸及其周围环境蝇类种群丰富,密度较高,环境治理是控制蝇密度的根本措施。     

武夷山口岸蝇类种群密度与季节消长情况调查

[目的]了解武夷山口岸蝇类种类、重要蝇种的种群密度与季节消长情况.[方法]选择武夷山机场及其周边3个自然村为观察点,采用笼诱法,每旬观察1次,以平均每次捕获蝇数计算种群密度(只/笼·日).[结果]本次调查其捕获各种蝇类13 929只,隶属6科32属51种;年平均密度48.36只/笼·日;大头金蝇为当地优势蝇种,占全部捕获蝇数的43.07%,其次为巨尾阿丽蝇、丝光绿蝇、家蝇,分别占15.16%、8.56%和8.08%.4～5月为当地蝇类活动高峰期,但不同蝇种的活动高峰期各异,大头金蝇的活动高峰期主要出现于4～10月;家蝇的高峰期分别出现于4月和10月;丝光绿蝇出现于4～9月,而巨尾阿丽蝇则于冬春季的1～4月为活动高峰.[结论]武夷山口岸及周围环境蝇类种类丰富,种群密度较高,环境整治是控制蝇类种群密度的根本措施.     

济南公路口岸有瓣蝇类种群及其构成调查

对济南公路口岸有瓣蝇类种群构成情况进行了调查，共捕获有瓣蝇类30241只，经鉴定发现有5科24属43种。优势种有大头金蝇、丝光绿蝇、舍蝇、麻蝇类、既腐蝇、巨尾阿丽蝇、叉丽蝇等，且不同月份优势种群所占构成比例变化较大。黄粪蝇、南蝇、新月陪丽蝇、伪叉麻蝇、宽角折麻蝇、野亚麻蝇、斑摩蜂麻蝇等首次在济南地区发现，以前未见报道。     

2010-2011年汶川县病媒生物苍蝇密度监测

目的 5.12汶川特大地震后,通过对病媒生物苍蝇种群、密度及季节消长情况的监测,为汶川开展病媒生物防治提供科学依据.方法 采用诱蝇笼法,选择中心城区餐饮外环境2处,农贸集市1处,公园绿化带1处和居民区1处的垃圾回收点(桶)进行布放;2010-04/10,2011-03/11每月中旬监测1次.结果 2010年-2011年共开展苍蝇监测16次,布放诱蝇笼80个,捕获蝇类2039只,以丝光绿蝇和巨尾阿丽蝇为优势种,分别占捕获蝇类的44.87％和30.46％,不同生境中以绿化带密度最高,为67.47只/笼,其次是农贸市场,为19.45只/笼,6月和9月为蝇密度高峰.结论 2010-2011年汶川县地震后苍蝇种群结构以丝光绿蝇和巨尾阿丽蝇为优势种,全年蝇密度出现6和9月2个高峰,各种环境类型中以绿化带密度最高,是重点应该采取防控的环境类型.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Psychopathological features of a patient population of targets of workplace bullying

BACKGROUND: A strong association between workplace bullying and subsequent anxiety and depression, indicated by empirical research, suggests that bullying is an aetiological factor for mental health problems. AIMS: To evaluate levels of stress and anxiety-depression disorder developed by targets of workplace bullying together with outcome at 12 months and to characterize this population in terms of psychopathology and sociodemographic features. METHODS: Forty-eight patients (36 women and 12 men) meeting Leymann Inventory of Psychological Terror criteria for bullying were included in a prospective study. Evaluations were performed at first consultation and at 12 months using a standard clinical interview, a visual analogue scale of stress, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale, the Beech scale of stress in the workplace and a projective test (Picture-Frustration Study). RESULTS: At first consultation, 81% of patients showed high levels of perceived stress at work and 83 and 52% presented with anxiety or depression, respectively. At 12 months, only 19% of working patients expressed a feeling of stress at work. There was a significant change in symptoms of anxiety while there was no change in symptoms of depression. Stress at work and depression influenced significatively capacity to go back to work. At 12-month assessments, workers showed a significantly better score on the HAD scale than non-workers. Over half the targets presented a neuroticism-related predominant personality trait. CONCLUSION: Workplace bullying can have severe mental health repercussions, triggering serious and persistent underlying disorders.     

The rise and fall in incidence of malignant mesothelioma from a British Naval Dockyard, 1979-1999

BACKGROUND: The incidence of malignant mesothelioma in Britain is predicted to rise over the next 15-25 years because of past failure to protect the workforce against inhalation of asbestos. In British Naval dockyards, alternative insulation materials and respiratory protection were introduced from the mid-1960s. Aims This study was carried out to investigate the effects of these control measures on mesothelioma deaths in dockyard workers. METHODS: Cases of mesothelioma of the pleura and peritoneum between 1979 and 1999 in workers from the Devonport Naval Dockyard, south-west England, were sought from coroners' and medico-legal records. RESULTS: Three hundred and one cases were identified, 7% peritoneal. The peak incidence occurred in 1991 with 25 cases per annum (quadratic model fit R(2) = 74.2%, P < 0.001) and we predict that by 2003 the incidence will fall to fewer than five cases per annum. The mean time between first exposure and presentation was 48.5 years [95% confidence interval (CI) = 47.3-49.8], but this was significantly shorter in the more heavily exposed trades, when compared with the less heavily exposed (42 years, 95% CI = 39.0-45.0, versus 49.5 years, 95% CI = 48.2-50.9). Those with higher exposure were also at significantly greater risk of peritoneal disease (P < 0.023, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSION: The reduction in incidence of mesothelioma is greater than can be accounted for by reduction in numbers of dockyard workers over the last 50 years. Changes in insulation materials and improved industrial hygiene measures introduced into the Devonport Dockyard from the mid-1960s have resulted in an earlier decline in the incidence of malignant mesothelioma than that predicted for the British workforce as a whole.     

Organophosphate toxicity and occupational exposure

The ubiquitous organophosphates present a continuing health hazard in agriculture, public health eradication programmes and as chemical warfare agents. Despite significant progress in understanding the potential mechanisms of toxicity far beyond the commonly accepted mechanism of cholinesterase inhibition in intentional exposures, the precise health effects following occupational exposures are yet to be completely defined. A much greater understanding exists of the clinical features of organophosphate poisoning. These are characterized by a triphasic response involving an initial acute cholinergic phase, an intermediate syndrome (both associated with high mortality) and a disabling but non-lethal delayed polyneuropathy. The delayed polyneuropathy may occur in the absence of the cholinergic or intermediate phases. However, progress is still required in order to improve the quantification and assessment of occupational exposures and the implementation of appropriate preventive measures. Finally, evidence-based guidelines for appropriate or optimal therapeutic interventions following poisoning are required urgently and collaborative work with colleagues in developing countries, where the occurrence of organophosphate exposures is more frequent, may provide the answers.     

Miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners

This report documents a case series of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in miners at a deep underground metalliferous mine in tropical arid Australia. During the summer months of February and March 1999, all cases of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs in underground miners seen at the mine's medical centre were clinically examined and administered a questionnaire. Twenty-five patients were seen, an incidence of 56.4 cases per million man-hours. Miliaria rubra was most often located between the ankle and knee (88% of cases). Twenty-four percent had concurrent folliculitis and 20% had concurrent tinea. Thirty-two percent had a personal history of asthma. Walking through ground-water and splashing of the legs was common. Three to 4 weeks of sedentary duties in air conditioning was generally required to achieve resolution of miliaria rubra. The incidence of miliaria rubra of the lower limbs is 38% of the incidence of heat exhaustion at the same mine. The length of disablement is greater, however. Atopics may be at increased risk of miliaria rubra. Control measures are discussed.     

Planning research

The starting point for any research project should be a question.Once this has been defined and the relevant scientific literaturereviewed, a protocol should be drawn up. This will be used notonly as a guide to the conduct of the study and in the preparationof the final report, but also in seeking any financial supportand approvals that are required for the investigation. A protocolis normally arranged in sections covering the background tothe study, the question(s) that it will address, the methodsthat will be used for the collection and analysis of data, thestatistical power of the investigation (where relevant), anyethical considerations, and the financial input that will beneeded. A pilot study is often helpful where aspects of thestudy method are untried or of uncertainvalidity.     

Stress in the Norwegian police service

BACKGROUND: High levels of stress have been attributed to the conditions of police work, but there is little empirical evidence for this. AIMS: To develop a new instrument to measure job stress in the police; to assess the most severe and frequent police stressors; to compare levels of stress according to the demographic and organizational factors; and to study stress in relation to personality traits, work locus of control and coping strategies. METHODS: A comprehensive nationwide questionnaire survey of 3272 Norwegian police at all hierarchical levels, including the Norwegian Police Stress Survey (NPSS), the Job Stress Survey, the Basic Character Inventory, the Work Locus of Control Scale, and the Coping Strategies Scale. RESULTS: Work injuries were appraised as the most stressful but least frequent stressor and job pressure was reported the least severe but most frequent stressor. Females experienced job stressors less frequently, but appraised them as more severe than men did. Older police officers reported more job pressure severity and fewer work injuries. The police in districts where peer support was planned but not implemented, and who worked in districts with more than 50,000 inhabitants, perceived the lack of support more severely than others. The correlations between stress and personality traits, work locus of control, and coping were moderate. CONCLUSIONS: The NPSS captures police-specific stressors that are not adequately measured by global stress instruments. The study of stress in police work should preferably involve a nationwide use of police-specific stress instruments.