咸阳市农村土壤中重金属含量分析及生态风险评价

目的 了解咸阳市农用地土壤中铅、镉、砷、铬、汞5种重金属元素的污染水平分布,为土壤保护提供依据.方法 利用原子吸收分光光度法和原子荧光分光光度法对土壤样品中5种元素进行测定,以《土壤质量环境标准》(GB 15618-2018)中的农用地土壤污染风险筛选值作为评价标准值,对测量数据进行统计分析,并采用单项污染指数法、内梅...     

广州市场食用鱼中5种重金属含量分析及评价

目的:评价市场上常见食用鱼的重金属(锌、铅、镉、铜、铬)污染状况和食用安全性。方法:采用硝酸-高氯酸消化和火焰原子吸收法对广州市场21种鱼中重金属含量进行分析及评价。结果:21种鱼中重金属含量符合以下规律:必需微量元素锌、铜、铬含量较高,非必需微量元素铅含量较低,镉未检出;根据《NY 5073-2006无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质限量》,所测样品的铅、镉、铜未超标;鳗鱼中的铬含量超过"人体消费卫生标准"。结论:鳗鱼中的铬含量较高,经常食用存在潜在危害,应引起有关部门重视。     

湖北地区淡水鱼中EPA和DHA含量的研究

湖北地区淡水鱼中ＥＰＡ和ＤＨＡ含量的研究ＳｔｕｄｙｏｆＥＰＡａｎｄＤＨＡＣｏｎｔｅｎｔｓｏｆＦｒｅｓｈＷａｔｅｒＦｉｓｈｅｓｉｎＨｕｂｅｉＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ金庆华李桂玲何世文（同济医科大学化学教研室，武汉４３００３０）ＪｉｎＱｉｎｇｈｕａ，ＬｉＧｕｉ...     

淡水鱼中喹乙醇含量的液相色谱测定法

目的 建立高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定淡水鱼中喹乙醇含量的快速、简便分析方法.方法 鱼糜经提取、净化处理后,利用HPLC对提取液中喹乙醇进行分离,定量测定.结果 喹乙醇线性范围为10～100μg/ml,相关系数0.9999,回收率93.5％～119.5％,检出限250μg/kg,精密度1.34％.结论 该法是一种简便、快捷、准确、可靠的测定淡水鱼中喹乙醇含量的方法.     

重庆地产茶叶中重金属含量现状分析与评价

目的检测重庆地产茶叶中的重金属含量,了解重庆地产茶叶的重金属污染程度。方法 2018年抽取重庆本地31个区县400批茶叶样品,按照铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)和砷(As)国标检测方法进行Pb,Cd,Pb及As含量检测,结合茶叶的相关质量标准,采用单因子污染指数法、单因子综合污染指数法和内梅罗(Nemerow)综合污染指数法进行污染评价。结果重庆本地产茶叶中重金属含量因品种不同有一定的差异,重金属Pb,Cd,Hg及As的含量分别为0.030 0～3.020 0mg/kg,0.009 0～0.777 0mg/kg,0.0000～0.060 0mg/kg,0.0000～0.880 0mg/kg,总体含量处于较低水平,大部分地区的茶叶未受到Pb,Cd,Hg,As的污染。数据分析显示,重庆地产茶叶中Pb与Cd及Pb与As的含量之间存在显著的相关性,茶叶样品中各元素的单因子综合污染指数均小于0.7,Nemerow综合污染指数也均小于0.7。结论重庆地产茶叶中重金属含量处于比较安全的水平。     

重庆东北脐橙主产区土壤重金属含量分析及污染评价

对奉节地区脐橙产地表层土壤重金属元素含量进行了分析。结果表明,除As、Pb含量明显低于中国土壤元素背景值和三峡库区元素背景值外,其余重金属元素的含量均高于上述土壤背景值。这表明该区土壤中重金属含量相对较高,特别是其中Cd的富集系数最高,是造成研究区土壤重金属污染的主要因素,表明该区土壤受人类活动影响较大。根据土壤综合污染指数,与土壤分级标准相比较,该区土壤总体尚清洁,仅部分地区受到轻度污染。     

广州市售穿心莲中4种重金属元素含量分析及其健康风险评估

目的:建立6个不同药店穿心莲中4种重金属元素的检测方法,并对其含量水平和健康风险进行初步评价。方法:采用微波消解—原子吸收光谱法定量分析广州市6个不同药店穿心莲中铅、镉、铜、铬等4种重金属元素的含量。结果:健民(利众店)和采芝林(神农轩分店)的穿心莲样品Pb超标,而Cd元素除采芝林(南方分店)的穿心莲合格之外,其它均超标。从重金属总量来看,健民(利众店)的穿心莲超标较严重。结论:从健康风险指数来看,健民(利众店)和采芝林(神农轩分店)穿心莲的含铅量、采芝林(神农轩分店)和康美药店售穿心莲的含镉量及健民(利众店)的穿心莲含铬量,都可能会对人体健康产生一定风险,应该予以重视。     

常见淡水鱼病的检验及卫生评价（2）

3.6 疖疮病病原及流行情况:本病是由疖疮型点状产气单孢杆菌引起的一种皮肤病。菌体呈短杆状,两端呈圆形,革兰氏阴性。全国各地均有发现,但发病数量较少,主要发生于青、草、鲤鱼,无明显流行季节,一年四季均可发病。症状:患病初期,鱼体背部皮肤及肌     

中国主要城市蔬菜重金属污染格局的初步分析

通过分析各主要城市蔬菜重金属污染监测数据 ,总结了全国蔬菜重金属污染的现状。按地理位置划分 ,南方地区蔬菜重金属污染较北方严重 ,而其中又以Cd的污染形势最为严峻 ;不同蔬菜种类的污染程度顺序为 :叶菜类 >茄果类 >豆类 >瓜果类。     

中药中重金属含量及微量元素间的相关性分析

探讨抗衰老中药中重金属的含量及微量元素的相关性分析,应用原子荧光和原子吸收分光光度计对杜仲、菟丝子、巴戟天、淫羊霍、枸杞、熟地、五味子、肉丛蓉8种中药的元素检测,结果分别为铁>钙>锌>镁>铜>铅>硒>镉>砷,有3种中药的镉含量高于出口绿色行业标准限量标准。铅与镁之间有显著性相关(P<0.05),其它元素之间无显著性相关。     

四城市成人血液中主要重金属含量分析

目的比较四城市成人血液中5种主要重金属的浓度差异及来源。方法采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)、双道原子荧光光度计(AFS)对我国膳食类型不同的4城市(太原、天津、成都、镇江)的健康成年男性血液中五种重金属元素含量进行测定及比较。结果血铅、血镉浓度:成都、太原>天津、镇江;血铜浓度:太原>镇江;血汞浓度:太原>镇江、天津、成都;血砷浓度:镇江>太原>天津、成都。整体来看,有"东西差异"现象,即成都、太原重金属元素整体浓度高于天津、镇江;血液内部重金属元素间相关有统计学意义。结果血液重金属在城市间的差异可能与生活环境、饮食习惯的不同有关;重金属元素间的相关提示应综合其它相关元素来研究重金属的毒害作用。     

北方2种主要谷物中重金属元素含量分析

目的重金属元素对人体的危害性大,是人体在进食过程中无法避免的所摄入的有害成分[1]。根据食品风险监测的要求,采集葫芦岛市区域内销售的2种主要谷物进行检测,使居民对谷物中重金属的分布情况有个初步的了解,为卫生机构的工作提供依据。方法对样品即小麦粉、玉米粉（渣）共计100份,分别按照国家标准GB/T5009（11、17、12、15）——2003进行检测,即原子荧光光谱法检测砷汞和石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检测铅镉。结果在检测的100份样品中小麦粉52份,玉米粉（渣）48份,砷A S、汞Hg、镉Cd均符合国家标准要求,有部分小麦粉铅含量超过国家标准,单一样品合格率为92.3%。小麦粉中重金属含量较高,4种重金属元素以铅为最高。结论市售的主要谷物中4种重金属元素的总的检测合格率为96.0%,表明葫芦岛市市售主要谷物总体质量良好。     

江苏省饮用水重金属污染物健康风险评价

目的评价饮用水重金属污染物对人体健康产生的潜在危害。方法对江苏省饮用水中铬(Cr6+)、砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、汞(Hg)、锌(Zn)6种重金属进行检测,按照美国国家环境保护署(US EPA)推荐的方法,建立水环境污染健康风险评价模型,对重金属通过饮水途径所引起的健康风险做出评价。结果饮用水中Cr6+、As、Cd、Pb、Hg、Zn的含量(中位数)分别为2.0、0.5、0.03、0.36、0.35、5.0μg/L。饮用水中致癌金属Cr6+、As、Cd对人体健康危害的个人年风险分别为4.23×10-5/a、5.66×10-6/a、37.65×10-8/a;非致癌金属Pb、Hg、Zn所引起的健康危害的个人年风险水平是34.59×10-11/a、16.35×10-10/a和62.73×10-7/a。按健康风险大小排列为Cr6+>Zn>As>Cd>Hg>Pb。6种重金属对人体健康危害的年总风险达5.47×10-5/a。结论江苏省饮用水重金属污染物对人体健康潜在危害的个人年总风险大于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)最大可接受风险水平(5×10-5),小于US EPA最大可接受风险水平(1×10-4)。     

The biological half-time of heavy metals

Summary Concentrations of Cd (475 samples), Pb (271), and total Hg (166) were determined in the organs and tissues during autopsies of inhabitants of the Tokyo metropolitan area who had experienced no known exposure to an abnormally high level of heavy metals and had died sudden deaths by accident. The results of this study do not differ greatly from those of other reports. Based on the intraorganic accumulation of the heavy metals according to age when they were not experimentally administered, the biological half-time (BHT) was estimated using a mathematical model with differential equations. It was hypothesized that the input of heavy metals into organs is proportional to the amount of food intake according to age (assuming little or no chronological change of heavy metals concentrations in food over several decades), and that the output is proportional to the intraorganic accumulation. The resulting BHT was very long, 10 to 100 times that computed in a number of studies from observation of the attenuation curve for a relatively short period after the experimental adminstration of heavy metals to humans or animals.The author devised a model consisting of two series compartments in one organ: the superficial, where heavy metals enter directly and are weakly bound with protein, and the profound, where they enter only via the superficial compartment to be strongly bound with the constituents. It was elucidated theoretically that the short BHT obtained by heavy metal administration is associated only with the superficial compartment of the organ, and that the long BHT obtained without experimental administration of heavy metals is due to the detour circuit from the superficial to the profound compartments. The ratio of the short BHT to the long BHT is the proportion of the content of a heavy metal in the superficial compartment to the total content in the whole organ. In order to prove the existence of the two compartments, superficial and profound, and to compute their ratios, further studies should be performed. The attenuation curve of the concentration, or of the amount after a single administration of a heavy metal, consists of the rapid component (first) and the slow component (second). The latter has been generally used for computation of BHTs. The slowest component is frequently present several years after the first two. There is a fair chance that the BHT based on the slowest component agrees with the BHT found in the present study.     

Heavy Metals in Fish from Lakes in Latvia: Concentrations and Trends of Changes

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of heavy metal contamination of perch (Perca fluviatilis) from inland waters in Latvia. The level of metal (Cd, Cu, Co, Pb, Ni, Mn, Zn, Fe) accumulation in fish tissues (muscle, liver, and gills) relative to contamination level, gender, age, and tissue type were studied in fish samples from 14 bog (dystrophic) lakes and 23 lakes of different trophic status. Samples from some sites in the vicinity of the largest cities had significantly increased metal levels. In contrast, fish tissues from bog lakes had very low metal levels, possibly because of the high concentrations of natural organic matter in these waters.     

Field trials of the co‐disposal of heavy metals and domestic refuse

This paper presents the formulation and initial results of a field study to determine the extent to which heavy metals sludges from painting industries are held within domestic wastes, when leached under anaerobic conditions.     

脐带血重金属负荷与孕妇、新生儿健康关系

目的了解一般孕妇人群重金属铅、镉、铬、镍的暴露水平,以及对孕妇及新生儿健康产生的影响。方法在汕头市中心医院招募20～35岁非职业暴露健康待产孕妇,测量身高、体重、血压、心率等身体指数,采集静脉血测量红细胞、白细胞、血红蛋白及血小板等生化指标。产后采集脐带血,应用石墨炉原子吸收法检测重金属铅、镉、铬及镍的含量。产后测量新生儿身长、体重、头围、胸围、胎龄及Apgar评分。以Pearson相关分析方法统计分析重金属暴露水平与孕妇、新生儿健康关系。结果共调查55对孕妇及其新生儿,孕妇平均年龄（29．63±4．48）岁,BMI为24．91±3．60;新生儿BMI为12．64±1．38,Apgar评分（9．24±0．83）分（10分为满分）。研究人群脐带血铅、镉、铬、镍的中位浓度分别为45．92、0．61、23．27、7．50ug／L。按目前通用标准,脐带血中铅超标率为7．27％（4／55）,镉、铬各有1例超标,血镍无超标。血镉与血铬、血镍之间存在着相关性,在体内协同存在（r值分别为0．466、0．299）。血铅与孕妇血红蛋白呈负相关（r=-0．519）;血镉与孕妇血压呈正相关（收缩压：r=0．313,舒张压：r=0．372）;血铬与孕妇血小板呈负相关（r=-0．288）。血铅与新生儿Apgar评分呈负相关（r=-0．530）;而血镉与新生儿体重、BMI指数呈负相关（r值分别为-0．311及-0．372）。结论受检孕妇人群血铅存在一定水平的超标,而其他重金属的超标率较低。在目前暴露水平下,显示已对孕妇及其新生儿健康产生一定影响,其确切的健康危害作用需大样本研究作进一步评估。     

Human biomonitoring on heavy metals in Ath: methodological aspects

The municipality of Ath is characterised by the presence, in its center, of two non-ferrous metal industries whose emissions make local residents concerned for their health. Therefore, authorities of the Walloon Region and the municipality of Ath undertook biomonitoring to assess the impact of those industrial emissions on heavy metal body burden in humans.     

Geophagy and potential health implications: geohelminths, microbes and heavy metals

The practice of geophagy (soil-eating) is widespread among pregnant and breast-feeding women in sub-Saharan Africa. To assess some of the potential risks accompanying the consumption of geophagic material, we analysed contamination with bacteria, fungi, and geohelminths as well as heavy metals (lead, mercury and cadmium) in 88 African geophagic soil samples, which were purchased in Central, West and East Africa, Europe and the United States. Median microbial viable counts of positive samples were 440 cfu/g (maximum 120,000 cfu/g). The median metal concentrations were 40 mg/kg lead (up to 148 mg/kg), 0.05 mg/kg mercury (up to 0.64 mg/kg), and 0.055 mg/kg cadmium (maximum 0.57 mg/kg). No geohelminth eggs were found in these samples. Our results suggest that geophagic soil samples can be highly contaminated with microbes and may contain high levels of lead. Geophagy, however, is not a cause of adult helminth infection. The periodic consumption of geophagic materials at high dosages might be problematic particularly during pregnancy.     

Trace metals concentrations in the muscle tissue of ten fish species from Abu‐Qir Bay,Egypt

Fish samples representing 10 different fish species caught from Abu‐Qir Bay (Trigla lyra, Sphyraena sphyraena, Pleuronectes platessa, Lithognathus mormyrus, Siganus luridus, Boops boops, Xrichthys novacula, Dicentrachus punctatus, Merluccius spp. and Trachinus draco) were analyzed for determination of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cr, Co, Cd and Pb by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The study indicated that, the concentrations of some metals such as Co and Cu varied a little among fish studied and there were minor concentrations of trace metals in the tissues of the different fish species. There is no risk from human consumption. The concentration factor was found to be high in Trigla lyra for Cu (24.9), in Xirchthys novacula for Pb (23.8) and in Merluccius spp. for Cd (12.0).