上海市金山区中学生运动伤害情况调查

目的 了解中学生运动伤害现况,为中学牛运动伤害预防提供资料.方法 采用随机抽样方法,抽取金山区2所中学共1 800名学生,对其过去1 a中的运动伤害情况进行问卷调查.结果 中学生运动伤害发生率为25.14%,男生(33.51%)高于女生(16.23%)(P<0.01).运动伤害次数发生率为35.84%,运动伤害主要发生在体育课上(41.9%)、进行球类运动(45.5%);运动伤害主要原因有注意力不集中(31.9%)、动作不规范(22.4%)等,运动伤害以下肢(48.3%)和上肢(25.0%)伤为主;77.5%的运动伤害为轻微伤害,仅22.5%的运动伤害较严重.结论 上海市金山区中学生运动伤害的发生率较高,加强运动伤害的预防与控制非常重要.     

上海市青少年运动伤害与个性特征相关性分析

目的 了解上海市青少年运动伤害现状及其与个性特征之间的关系,为制定有效的干预措施提供依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法对上海市4 334名中学生进行运动伤害、个性特征相关情况的问卷调查.结果 上海市青少年运动伤害发生率为5.61％,人次发生率为8.49％;伤害组与未发生伤害组的E,N2个分量表得分之间的差异均有统计...     

有暴力攻击行为青少年暴力性伤害流行特征分析

目的 了解上海市81例有暴力攻击行为的社区青少年过去1 a中的暴力伤害流行特征,为制定干预措施提供依据.方法 对上海市过去1 a中有暴力攻击行为的81例社区青少年进行问卷调查.结果 在过去的1 a中发生102人次的暴力攻击行为,暴力伤害发生率为81.37%,攻击原因为愤怒的占86.27%.在发生攻击他人前,有79.41%遭到过他人的语言暴力,攻击地点以舞厅、迪厅、网吧为主,受伤性质以挫擦伤为主.结论 在有暴力攻击行为的社区青少年中暴力伤害发生比例非常高,提示今后要对社区青少年的暴力及暴力伤害进行预防和控制.     

娄底市初中生伤害流行病学调查

目的了解娄底市初中生伤害的流行病学特征与发生原因,为制订干预措施提供科学依据.方法采用整群抽样方法,选取娄底市4所中学3 830名初中生进行伤害流行病学调查.结果总的伤害发生率为30.76%,且随年级上升而升高,初三学生伤害发生率明显高于其他年级学生;农村学生高于城区学生,分别为36.76%和25.61%.伤害类型以跌伤、刀(锐)器伤、碰伤为主,占66.91%,且居前3位.伤害发生的原因以玩耍与游乐(31.07%)、走路与骑自行车(19.19%)、运动(14.60%)占前3位.伤害程度中、重度伤占7.98%,致残(死亡)率为104.44/10万.伤害平均每人次引起缺课3.78课时,活动受限2.11 d,家长误工0.86 d,直接医疗支出37.19元.伤害的发生与父母监护及收入有关.结论娄底市初中生伤害发生率高,是多因素作用的结果.伤害预防重在行为规范,宜采取健康促进的方法,实行综合防制策略.     

中国三城市儿童非故意伤害状况调查分析

目的了解中国北京、上海和广州三城市14岁以下儿童非故意伤害发生状况以及主要原因构成,为以后开展儿童非故意伤害的干预工作提供科学依据。方法通过多阶段抽样的方法,确定三城市中14岁以下儿童的主要照料者,采用问卷调查的方式,了解14岁以下儿童的非故意伤害发生状况及主要原因构成。结果此次共调查儿童7726人,男女比例1∶1,共发生非故意伤害1276人次,发生率为16.5%。三城市儿童非故意伤害发生率由高到低依次为广州市、北京市和上海市;前三位伤害原因为跌倒/跌落、碰伤/挤压伤、扭伤;前三位的伤害部位为下肢、手指/脚趾和面部。伤害性质以浅表伤为主,其次为脱位/扭伤、积压伤;93.5%为轻度伤害,不需要住院治疗;36.2%的伤害发生在家里/宿舍,其次为街道/公路、学校/幼儿园等;46.3%的儿童在娱乐活动时发生伤害,其次为体育活动等。结论非故意伤害严重影响着儿童的健康和生命,加强儿童非故意伤害的干预工作势在必行。     

湖南醴陵农村儿童非故意伤害的流行特征

目的调查湖南醴陵农村儿童非故意伤害的流行特征,为农村儿童非故意伤害的预防和干预措施的制定提供依据。方法采取随机整群抽样的方法,于2013年10月在湖南省醴陵市3个乡镇抽取4所中学和2所小学各年级全体学生作为调查对象,采用自制的调查表调查儿童一般情况、家庭情况及非故意伤害发生情况。结果发放3 550份问卷,收回有效问卷3 257份,有效应答率为91.7%。年龄范围为5~16岁,平均(11.4±2.3)岁。其中男童1 575人(48.4%),女童1 682人(51.6%)。非故意伤害发生率为10.9%(356/3 257)。男童非故意伤害发生率显著高于女童(P=0.003)。跌伤(45.5%)、交通伤(14.3%)为常见的伤害类型。伤害发生于四肢的比例最高(70.2%)。伤害的发生常见于道路(34.3%)、家中(32.3%)和学校(22.8%)。伤害程度以轻度为主(42.7%),其次为中度(29.5%)、极轻度(19.4%)。79.8%的儿童伤害后痊愈,12.6%的儿童损伤处常有不适感,7.3%的儿童出现活动受限。结论湖南醴陵农村儿童非故意伤害发生率为10.9%,居全国各地区中等偏低水平。男童较女童更易发生伤害。跌伤是最常见的伤害类型。伤害常发生于道路、家中和学校。伤害程度以轻度为主,部分儿童损伤处常有不适感或活动受限。     

上海市闵行区小学生运动伤害影响因素分析

目的通过对学生家长问卷调查,了解上海市闵行区小学生运动伤害发生流行病学情况,为制订有效干预方案提供依据。方法选取闵行区梅陇镇和颛桥镇作为本次调查的镇,采用分层整群抽样方法分别在二镇抽取2所公办小学和2所民工子女学校,问卷调查8所小学民有一至五年级学生家长共3 887名。结果在过去1年内小学生总运动伤害发生率为8.5%;其中发生1次运动伤害发生率为7.9%;发生2次及以上运动伤害发生率为0.6%。闵行区小学生运动伤害三年级发生率最高,一年级发生率最低。学校中多发,玩耍时多发,春夏季多发。下肢和头部受伤多。在23.9%因受伤而请假休息的小学生中,平均休息时间为5.5 d。logistic回归分析结果显示,年级、民族、父亲年龄等为影响因素。结论应积极实施以学校为基础的、三年级学生为重点人群的、预防体育运动中碰撞伤为主的小学生运动伤害干预措施。     

宁波市鄞州区 2001-2005 年部分中小学生伤害流行病学调查分析

目的分析青少年学生伤害发生情况,为制定学生伤害预防控制策略和措施提供依据。方法选择鄞州区6所中小学校,从2001年10月到2005年9月对36233名学生进行伤害监测。结果伤害发生率22.32%;男女生有明显差异;初中学生伤害发生率最高(27.30%),1～3年级小学生伤害发生率最低(14.87%);伤害前3位分别是跌伤、刀割伤、碰撞伤;主要发生在运动和玩耍时;受伤部位以手指和下肢最多;伤害发生后,40.30%学生到校医室处理,24.70%学生经医院门诊治疗,0.62%学生住院治疗;平均每例伤害休息0.42d,平均花费医疗费用80.98元。结论伤害在青少年学生中发生率很高,对学生个人及其家庭和社会带来巨大负担,必须积极预防。     

武汉市某高校大学生伤害现况调查

目的 了解湖北省武汉市大学生伤害发生现况,为制定有效干预措施提供理论依据.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取湖北省武汉市某高校在校大学生1 201人为研究对象,筛选出发生伤害者112人,了解大学生伤害发生现况.结果 大学生伤害发生率为9.45%;伤害类型排名前3位为跌落伤、机械伤和交通意外;不同性别伤害类型差异有统计学意义(X~2=11.79,P<0.05);伤害发生地点主要在体育运动区域,占50.01%;活动类型主要以体育活动时发生伤害居多,占67.86%;伤害部位以下肢为主,占50.89%;伤害后主要是医师处理并大多痊愈;伤害性质以体表伤(38.39%)最多,其次为扭伤和皮下组织伤;伤害发生以10月份最高,2月份最低.结论 大学生伤害发生率较高,其中以体育相关活动时伤害发生率最高.     

深圳市中小学生运动伤害现况及影响因素分析

目的了解广东省深圳市中小学生运动伤害现况及影响因素,以减少运动伤害的发生。方法分层整群抽取3 540名深圳市中小学生,回顾性调查1年间运动伤害情况。结果中小学运动伤害发生率为21.61%,3年级(9.62%)低于其他年级,男生(23.93%)高于女生(18.40%),独生子女(26.43%)高于非独生子女(18.24%),暂住户籍(24.07%)高于本地户籍(18.53%);导致伤害的运动主要是跑步(31.76%)和篮球(26.93%);不同运动导致伤害的部位和伤害后果不同,伤害后累计缺课1 536节,活动受限4 994.5 d,医疗费用66 460元;分类树分析显示,打闹是运动伤害发生主要危险因素,打闹同时模仿或恶作剧的男生运动伤害发生率最高。结论中小学生运动伤害发生率较高,应加强相关健康教育,预防运动伤害的发生。     

南昌市青少年健康危险行为现况分析

目的了解南昌市不同青少年群体中各类健康危险行为的流行现状,为相关部门制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层抽样方法,抽取南昌市9所大、中院校共计3800名学生进行问卷调查。结果有效数据3757例,其中36.5%的学生偏食;30.7%的学生在过去1周内没有坚持每天吃早餐;30.3%的学生尝试过吸烟;57.3%的学生喝过酒;27.2%的学生在过去1周内从未进行过任何中等强度的体育运动;骑车闯红灯、乱穿马路的学生占10.3%;过去12个月内,有25.0%的学生曾与人动手打架;40.9%的学生曾经因担心某事而失眠;14.0%曾有意伤害过自己;14.5%的学生曾认真考虑过自杀;3.8%的学生曾采取措施自杀;14.5%的学生曾经受过严重伤害。结论南昌市青少年中存在较多的健康危险行为,相关部门应及时采取相应措施,降低健康危险行为的发生率。     

Injuries and violence: risk factors and opportunities for prevention during adolescence

More adolescent in the United States die from injuries than from any other cause. This chapter describes the three leading causes of death among adolescents-interpersonal violence, suicide, and motor vehicle-related injuries. The authors examine risks associated with alcohol use and access to firearms as well as injuries that occur at work and while playing sports, and end with recommendations for preventing adolescent injuries for health care providers, schools and communities.     

江苏启东市青少年伤害危险行为现况分析

目的了解青少年伤害相关的危险行为现状,为制定干预措施提供依据。方法采用二阶段抽样方法,抽取16所学校(初中、高中和中等职业学校)的86个班级共4090名在校学生,采用"江苏省青少年健康相关行为问卷"进行调查。结果学生步行乱穿马路、骑自行车违规、非安全场所游泳等非故意伤害危险行为的报告率分别为49.96%,39.99%,11.58%,故意伤害危险行为的发生以学习压力重、离家出走意念、自杀意念的发生率最高,高中生高于初中生(P<0.01),过去1a伤害的发生率为31.67%。结论青少年存在多种易导致伤害的危险行为。教育与卫生部门应针对青少年的性别、年龄特点开展相关的健康教育,以提高自我保健意识,预防伤害的发生。     

Gender differences in adolescent injury characteristics: a population-based study of hospital A&E data

OBJECTIVES: To investigate patterns of adolescent home/leisure injury serious enough to require hospital attendance. STUDY DESIGN: Population-based analysis of data collected by the Home and Leisure Accident Surveillance System (HASS/LASS). METHODS: Study subjects were 0-17 year old residents of Airdrie and Coatbridge, Lanarkshire, Scotland, who attended Monklands Hospital Accident and Emergency (A&E) Department with a home/leisure injury during calendar years 1996-1999. Male to female relative risk ratios (M:F RRRs) for A&E attendance, fracture and hospital admission, stratified into sports and non-sports injuries, were calculated. Sports injuries were further analysed by specific sports and by whether the sports activity was organized or informal. Data were analysed in age groups corresponding to children's stage of schooling. RESULTS: The M:F RRR for non-sports A&E attendances remained constant throughout childhood (1.35, 95% CI 1.30-1.39 in 0-17 year olds), whilst that for sports attendances increased sharply with age (2.50, 95% CI 0.89-7.02 in 0-4 year olds, increasing to 8.11, 95% CI 6.27-10.51 in 16-17 year olds). Of sports injury attendances, 50.3% were football-related. Football was overwhelmingly the main cause of boys' sports injury in both the organized and informal sports injury categories. When football injuries were excluded from the analysis, the widening teenage gender gap in injury risk disappeared. There was no significant gender difference in teenagers' rates of A&E attendance for injuries sustained during compulsory school physical education (PE), suggesting a dose-response relationship between sports participation and injury risk. CONCLUSIONS: This study found significant gender inequalities in adolescent injury risk, which were largely attributable to boys' football injuries. Focusing prevention efforts on making football safer would, then, be a sensible strategy for reducing the overall burden of adolescent injury and for reducing sex inequalities in injury risk; however further research is needed to understand how the risks differ between organized and informal football. These findings are also interesting because of what they suggest about teenage girls' lack of participation in sport and habitual physical activity. This is clearly of public health concern because of the links between physical inactivity and a range of health problems.     

Prevalence of Sports Injuries Among 13- to 15-Year-Old Students in 25 Low- and Middle-Income Countries

The goal of this study was to compare the sex-specific prevalence rate of serious sports injuries in the past year among students ages 13–15 years from 25 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) globally. Data from 46,922 nationally-representative students who participated in the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) were analyzed using complex samples analysis. The GSHS defines injuries as serious when they cause at least one full day of missed school or usual activities or require clinical treatment. Students reporting more than one serious injury in the past year are asked about the single most serious injury. The proportion of students reporting at least one serious injury in the past year ranged from 15–71?% (median 44?%) among boys and 8–70?% (median 30?%) among girls. The proportion of most-serious injuries in the past year that were sports-related ranged from 25–60?% among injured boys (median 35?%) and 12–56?% among injured girls (median 24?%). The most common types of sports-related injuries were broken bones and dislocated joints, reported by 13–62?% (median 28?%) of boys with sports injuries and 10–86?% (median 25?%) of girls with sports injuries. Although the annual injury rates among early adolescents vary widely between countries, the GSHS shows that sports injuries are common globally among both male and female middle school students. Understanding global trends in the health risks for various population groups, such as adolescents, allows community health partnerships to proactively address health needs in the communities they serve.     

合肥市中学生危害健康行为5年变化分析

目的掌握合肥市青少年危害健康行为的变化趋势,分析危险因素和保护因素,以便为做好预防干预工作提供科学依据.方法制定"青少年健康与行为问卷",在合肥市城乡各选取3所中学作为青少年危害健康行为的监测点校,分别于1998年和2003年对监测点校每个年级1个班级的学生进行无记名问卷调查.1998年获得有效问卷2044份,2003年获得有效问卷2020份.结果 2003年比1998年有显著性上升的危害健康行为包括:最近1 a到野外游泳多数情况下无大人看护,最近1个月至少有1 d携带刀具、短棒等武器,近1a认真地考虑过自杀(自杀意念)、制定过自杀计划(自杀计划)、有过自杀行为(自杀行动),13岁前吸烟、最近1个月吸过烟、最近1月每天吸烟、规律吸烟,13岁前饮过酒,最近1 a内饮过酒、最近1个月内饮酒、大量饮酒、饮酒呕吐,最近7 d无大强度运动、7 d内无持续走路/骑车30min以上,认为体重超重或肥胖、节食减肥、饭后催吐等,试图戒烟.结论与美国中学生多数危害健康行为的下降趋势不同,合肥市中学生危害健康行为呈上升趋势.     

宁波市城乡结合部5所中小学学生伤害相关行为分析

目的探索预防和减少城乡结合部地区儿童伤害的有效方法。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,选取鄞州区高桥镇5所中小学校,以1～6年级7—17岁的全部在校学生为对象进行问卷调查。结果在调查前的30天内,有1．0％的学生经常在马路上打闹嬉戏,1．5％学生有经常用滑板或旱冰鞋在马路上滑行的行为,4．1％的学生承认有经常过马路不走人行横道的行为。29．5％的学生坐在汽车的副驾驶室时经常不系安全带;在过去一年里,有4．7％的学生使用或接触过农药／鼠药等有毒有害物品,且这些行为性别、年级组之间差异均有统计学意义。在过去的30天里,有49．8％的学生在运动时从来没有采取防护措施．此行为年龄别之间的差异有显著性。结论宁波市城乡结合部中小学生伤害危险行为的预防意识淡薄,应及早采取干预措施。     

兰州市部分中小学生意外伤害情况调查分析

目的探讨中小学生意外伤害的流行特征和中小学生意外伤害认知与行为特点,为开展意外伤害健康促进提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法抽取甘肃省兰州市4所中小学共1680名学生进行最近1年意外伤害发生情况的调查,同时调查研究对象意外伤害相关知识掌握情况与安全行为习惯养成情况。结果意外伤害年发生率为28．41％,男生伤害发生率为35．82％,女生伤害发生率为19．70％,不同性别学生各类伤害构成比有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。小学生伤害发生率为23．70％,中学生伤害发生率为32．33％,有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。独生子女与非独生子女间伤害发生率比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。中小学生伤害的类型前4位分别是跌伤、碰撞伤、车辆伤和运动创伤,引起伤害的主要原因是学生之间互相嬉戏、追逐玩耍、体育运动中。意外伤害相关知识测试题满分为50分,平均得分为38．3分,男、女学生比较无统计学差异;中学生高于小学生,有统计学差异。结论中小学生伤害发生率较高,应针对其意外伤害认知与行为特点,有的放矢地开展健康促进工作,降低中小学生意外伤害的发生。     

Sports-related injuries among high school athletes--United States, 2005-06 school year

Participation in high school sports helps promote a physically active lifestyle. High school sports participation has grown from an estimated 4 million participants during the 1971-72 school year to an estimated 7.2 million in 2005-06. However, despite the documented health benefits of increased physical activity (e.g., weight management, improved self-esteem, and increased strength, endurance, and flexibility), those who participate in athletics are at risk for sports-related injuries. High school athletes account for an estimated 2 million injuries, 500,000 doctor visits, and 30,000 hospitalizations annually. To date, the study of these injuries has been limited by inabilities to calculate injury rates, compare results among groups, and generalize findings from small, nonrepresentative samples. During the 2005-06 school year, researchers at a children's hospital in Ohio used an Internet-based data-collection tool to pilot an injury surveillance system among athletes from a representative national sample of U.S. high schools. This report summarizes the findings of that study, which indicated that participation in high school sports resulted in an estimated 1.4 million injuries at a rate of 2.4 injuries per 1,000 athlete exposures (i.e., practices or competitions). Surveillance of exposure-based injury rates in a nationally representative sample of high school athletes and analysis of injury patterns can help guide activities aimed at reducing these injuries.     

The incidence of school-related injuries among adolescents in Kaohsiung,Taiwan

Objectives: To determine the incidence of nonfatal school-related injuries in adolescent schoolchildren.Design: Nurses completed a Student Accident Report Form (SARF) on all injuries in schools meeting standardized criteria from September 1995 to June 1996.Setting: Six junior high schools in Kaohsiung city, Taiwan.Subjects: 13,335 adolescents aged 13–15 in six schools.Results: A total of 3,640 injuries were reported among the city’s 13,335 students, for an overall injury rate of 27.3 injuries/100 student years. Injury rates were higher for boys than for girls at all grade levels. The seventh-grade students had the highest incidence rate. Injuries not involving other students accounted for nearly 64% of all injuries. Injuries occurring on the playground/gymnasium and classroom were the two most common types and were more than twice as frequent as injuries occurring in the hall or stairs. Contusions, abrasions, and swelling were the most frequently reported types of injuries. The body sites most frequently injured were the extremities. When exposure time is taken into account, injury rates were higher in the unsupervised areas of the schools.Conclusions: School-related injury incidence among adolescents attending junior high school is higher than has been previously reported and should be recognized as a significant public health problem in Taiwan.