200例脑囊虫病疗效及不良反应分析

目的 评价阿苯达唑、吡喹酮治疗脑囊虫病的疗效及不良反应.方法 将2002-2007年收治的脑囊虫病病例资料,随机抽取200例,分单纯使用阿苯达唑治疗组58例和吡喹酮、阿苯达唑联合治疗组142例两组,进行上述目的 分析.结果 治疗后两组临床有效率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);颅内高压症、癫痫发作、精神症状的不良反应发生率阿苯达唑组少于联合治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);过敏反应两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 阿苯达唑、吡喹酮治疗脑囊虫病疗效肯定,但吡喹酮和阿苯达唑联合用药的不良反应较阿苯达唑单独用药严重.     

阿苯达唑和甲苯咪唑对感染旋毛虫沙鼠的影响

旋毛虫病是旋毛虫 (Trichinellaspiralis)成虫和幼虫分别寄生于同一宿主小肠和肌细胞内而引起的人兽共患寄生虫病。阿苯达唑 (Albendazole)和甲苯咪唑 (Mebendazole)是广谱、高效的抗蠕虫药 ,对多种寄生蠕虫及某些组织内寄生幼虫有良好的杀灭作用 ,2种药物对旋毛虫成虫和幼虫均有杀伤力大、疗效高 ,其中前者已列为治疗旋毛虫病的首选药物〔1,2〕。本文进一步观察阿苯达唑和甲苯咪唑对感染旋毛虫的沙鼠在幼虫移行期和囊包形成期血清中ALT、AST、ALP、CK酶的影响。材料与方法　 (1)实验动物 :8周龄长爪沙鼠 ,体重 45～60 g ,雌雄各半 ,…     

超声随访复查对阿苯达唑治疗肝包虫病的疗效观察

[目的]对比分析肝包虫病患者阿苯达唑治疗1年前后的超声影像结果,评价阿苯达唑对肝包虫病的疗效。[方法]采用前瞻性队列研究方法,对肝包虫病确诊病例给予阿苯达唑治疗1年后同法复查,对比分析治疗前后的B超影像变化。[结果]阿苯达唑对肝包虫病治疗总有效率83.70%(534/638),其中对囊型肝包虫病治疗有效率83.90%(516/615),对泡型肝包虫病治疗有效率78.26%(18/23),二者间疗效无差异(χ2=0.186,P﹥0.05);阿苯达唑片剂治疗有效率78.67%(273/347),乳剂治疗有效率89.69%(261/291),乳剂的疗效好于片剂(χ2=14.08,P﹤0.05);阿苯达唑对黄疸﹑腹水改善较明显(χ2=8.08,P﹤0.05)。[结论]阿苯达唑对肝包虫病有较好疗效,可做为包虫病首选治疗药物;B型超声检查可用于阿苯达唑治疗肝包虫病的疗效评价。     

首次应用丙硫苯咪唑治疗人体旋毛虫病的显著疗效报告

<正> 我区自1981年发现人患旋毛虫病以来,时有散在发生并有暴发流行。文献报导,旋毛虫病的主要治疗药物是:噻苯哒唑、甲苯咪唑,吡唑酮等或对症处理,效果都不满意。我们根据国外资料及国内兽医,食品部门用丙硫苯咪唑治疗动物旋毛虫病的报道,首次应用丙硫苯咪唑治疗人旋毛虫病8例,获得比较满意的效果。现报告如下:一、药物来源:化学名称:丙硫苯眯唑(5～丙硫基～2～氨基酸甲脂苯骈眯唑)药品名称:阿苯     

肠虫清驱虫效果的临床观察

肠虫清又称丙硫眯唑、抗蠕敏、阿苯达唑,在驱虫药物的大家族中,它是继甲苯咪唑之后又成功研制的一种新化合物。它具有驱虫谱广,高效、低毒的特点,是当前最优秀的驱虫药之一。现将该药的临床资料和我们应用体会总结如下。     

这些药,你吃对时间了吗

清晨服用 糖皮质激素:泼尼松、地塞米松等,因为人体激素的分泌高峰出现在早晨7～8点,此时服用可以避免药物对激素分泌的反射性抑制作用,可减少不良反应. 抗寄生虫药:甲苯咪唑、阿苯达唑等早晨空腹使用,减少了人体对药物的吸收,增加药物与虫体的接触,增强了疗效.     

芳烃类有机溶剂对原代培养神经胶质细胞的谷氨酸重摄取的影响

[目的 ]研究芳烃类有机溶剂对原代培养大鼠神经胶质细胞的谷氨酸重摄取的影响。 [方法 ]取新生SD大鼠的海马神经胶质细胞进行原代培养 ,培养 2周后 ,用芳烃类有机溶剂 (甲苯、二甲苯和乙苯 )染毒 ,染毒浓度为 3mmol/L、6mmol/L和 9mmol/L ,染毒时间为 4h、12h和 2 4h ,并设空白对照组和赋形剂蓖麻油组 ,染毒后 ,观察神经胶质细胞的存活率、乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)活性以及氨基酸重摄取的变化。 [结果 ]染毒后 ,神经胶质细胞摄取谷氨酸的能力显著下降(P <0 0 5 ) ,有明显的剂量 反应关系 (r =0 87,P <0 0 1) ,当染毒浓度为 9mmol/L浓度时 ,抑制率达 70 %以上 ;但染毒后神经胶质细胞的存活率与对照组相比无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,LDH的活性差异亦无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。 [结论 ]芳烃类有机溶剂对神经胶质细胞本身的致死性毒作用较小 ,但对神经胶质细胞的谷氨酸重摄取功能有较强的抑制作用     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定大黄对大鼠CYP450酶活力的影响

目的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定大鼠血浆中5种探针药物(安非他酮、美托洛尔、咪达唑仑、非那西丁和甲苯磺丁脲)及其代谢产物(羟基安非他酮、羟基美托洛尔、1-羟基咪达唑仑、对乙酰氨基酚和羟基甲苯磺丁脲),评价大黄对大鼠CYP450酶活性影响。方法将大鼠随机分成大黄组和对照组2组。大黄组灌胃给予大黄14 d,对照组灌胃给予生理盐水14 d。5种探针药物通过灌胃给予大鼠,用UPLC-MS/MS测定血浆药物浓度。结果大黄组和对照组对比结果中,安非他酮、美托洛尔、非那西丁和甲苯磺丁脲药代动力学差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。大黄组与对照组对比,美托洛尔AUC_((0-t))降低(P0.05),CL升高(P0.05),其代谢产物羟基美托洛尔变化趋势与母药相似;非那西汀AUC_((0-t))升高(P0.01),CL降低(P0.01),C_(max)升高(P0.01),其代谢产物对乙酰氨基酚变化趋势与母药相似;甲苯磺丁脲AUC_((0-t))升高(P0.01),CL降低(P0.01),C_(max)升高(P0.01),其代谢产物对羟基甲苯磺丁脲变化趋势与母药相似。结论大鼠灌胃大黄可能会诱导大鼠CYP2D6酶活性,可能会抑制大鼠CYP1A2、CYP2C9酶活性。     

别轻易给孩子用驱虫药

<正>有的家长觉得自己的孩子吃得多,但不长肉,每隔三四个月就给自己孩子买不同的驱虫药吃。感觉没有效果,家长就带孩子去看医生,检查后却发现孩子体内并没有寄生虫。专家讲道,这种轻易给孩子吃驱虫药的做法并不妥,并有一定的危险。专家介绍目前常用的驱虫药有咪唑类和达唑类。咪唑类属于抗蠕虫的抗线虫类药,常用的包括四咪唑(驱虫净)、左旋咪唑(驱虫清)、甲苯咪唑(安乐士)、丙硫咪唑(肠虫清)等。阿苯达唑是目前     

舟山渔场鱼类异尖线虫感染现况及其理化耐受研究

目的 掌握舟山渔场鱼类异尖线虫感染情况,了解异尖线虫Ⅲ期幼虫(L3)理化生物学特性.方法 对29种444尾海鱼进行实验室解剖,分离体内异尖线虫幼虫,镜下虫种鉴定;观察异尖线虫L3在不同介质、温度条件下生存耐受情况.结果 共发现21种218尾海鱼有异尖科线虫L3感染,总感染率为49.10%(218/444),感染率高的鱼种有带鱼、鲐鱼、鮸鱼、白姑鱼和海鳗等,平均感染强度为15.28条/尾,218尾海鱼体内共检出异尖科线虫幼虫3332条,异尖线虫L3占99.46%(3314/3332),伪新地线虫L3只占0.54%(18/3332).异尖线虫L3对常用的调味品有较强的耐受力,高度白酒杀虫效果[存活(42.6±14.77)min]优于低度白酒[存活(127.1±63.40)min];t=4.105,P＜0.05.低浓度复方甲苯咪唑(6.25 g/L)杀虫效果[存活(28.10±4.95)h]优于高浓度[12.50、18.75 g/L;存活(98.20±25.69)h、(113.60±26.35)h;F=45.198,P＜0.01]的,也优于其他药物[阿苯达唑、甲苯咪唑;分别存活(65.80±17.03)h、(94.20±39.77)h;F=17.393,P＜0.01];异尖线虫L3在-20 ℃、-10℃时最长分别可存活9、12 h,而在50 ℃、60 ℃时分别于＜11 s、＜1 s即死.结论 舟山渔场鱼类异尖线虫幼虫感染率较高;异尖线虫幼虫耐低温而不耐高温.     

甲苯达唑驱治鞭虫及其它肠线虫感染的疗效观察

目的：观察相同剂量不同疗程的甲苯达唑对鞭虫感染驱虫效果。方法：将420例以鞭虫感染为主的肠线虫病患分成3组,其中2组甲苯达唑总剂量800mg,2天（A组）、4天（B组）分服,另一组阿苯达唑总剂量600mg,2天分服为对照;于服药前和服药后2周和4周分别改良加藤厚涂片法粪检考核疗效。结果：治华2周,甲苯达唑4天疗法组鞭虫卵阴转率（97．20％）高于2天疗法组（88．04％）（P＜0．05）,但治后4周虫卵阴转率相同;阿苯达唑2天疗法组（72．45％－76．14％）较前2组低（P＜0．001和P＜0．01）。虫卵减少率3组均高于95％,3组鞭虫卵未阴虫治后平均EPG较治前均呈减少趋势,蛔虫卵治后4周的阴转率为91．67％－96．43％,3组间无差异。3个组的药物副反应均轻微短暂。结论：甲苯达唑800mg2天、4天疗法驱治鞭虫的疗效均达91％以上,明显优于阿苯达唑。     

Echinococcus multilocularis: in vivo results of therapy with albendazole and praziquantel

The effects of albendazole and praziquantel on the growth of Echinococcus multilocularis were studied in cotton rats. Albendazole (20 and 50 mg/kg) reduced parasite weight and increased the length of survival of infected animals but viable infection was present after treatment. In an in vitro system albendazole sulphoxide entered cysts of E. multilocularis passively. Praziquantel 100 mg/kg was ineffective but 500 mg/kg significantly inhibited growth. A combination of albendazole and praziquantel was no more effective than either agent alone.     

A comparison of the effects of albendazole, its sulphone metabolite, and mebendazole on the viability of protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus in an in vitro culture system

The effects of albendazole, its sulphone metabolite and mebendazole on the viability of Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces in vitro were investigated. Significant reductions in viability occurred in cultures treated with albendazole parent compound at 100 micrograms/litre, but lower concentrations were ineffective. The sulphone metabolite of albendazole had no significant effect at concentrations of 50 and 100 micrograms/litre over periods of up to 71 days. Mebendazole induced significant reductions in viability at 100 micrograms/litre.     

The effect of different anthelmintic treatment regimens combined with iron supplementation on the nutritional status of schoolchildren in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a randomized controlled trial

A randomized controlled trial in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) of 428 primary-school pupils (stratified into 6 groups by age, sex and intervention) measured the effect of different anthelmintic treatments and iron supplementation regimens provided twice at 6-monthly intervals for 1 year (1996/97). Half the pupils received iron supplementation (ferrous fumarate 200 mg weekly for 10 weeks). Pupils received 2 anthelmintic regimens, either (i) albendazole 400 mg plus praziquantel 40 mg/kg or (ii) albendazole 400 mg on 3 consecutive days plus praziquantel 40 mg/kg or (iii) placebo. Baseline prevalences of Ascaris 55.9%, Trichuris 83.6%, hookworm spp. 59.4%, were reduced after 12 months for single-dose albendazole treatment to Ascaris 17.4% (P < 0.005), Trichuris 61.5% (NS), hookworm spp. 0% (P < 0.005), and for triple-dose albendazole treatment to Ascaris 14.8% (P < 0.005), Trichuris 25.0% (P < 0.01), hookworm 0% (P < 0.005). Schistosoma haematobium 43.4% was reduced among treated groups to 8.3% (P < 0.005). There were no significant changes in the anthropometry of the different treatment groups at either 6 or 12 months post treatment. Twelve months after treatment there was a significant increase in haemoglobin levels (P = 0.02) among pupils receiving triple-dose albendazole, praziquantel and ferrous fumarate; pupils receiving no anthelmintic treatment showed a significant decrease as did pupils who received triple-dose albendazole and praziquantel but no iron. Regular 6-monthly anthelmintic treatment significantly reduced the prevalence of Ascaris, hookworm spp. and S. haematobium infections (P < 0.05). Triple-dose treatment for Trichuris was significantly more effective than a single dose of albendazole 400 mg (P = 0.002). In areas with schistosomiasis, hookworm infection and high prevalence of Trichuris infection, combination treatment with praziquantel, triple-dose albendazole, plus iron supplementation, is likely to improve pupils' health and haemoglobin levels.     

Multicentre clinical trials of benzimidazole-carbamates in human cystic echinococcosis (phase 2)

A multicentre study which constituted the second phase of trials of the efficacy of albendazole and mebendazole in human cystic echinococcosis was coordinated by WHO. A total of 112 patients from four clinical centres in Beirut, Paris, Rome and Sofia completed standardized dosage of regimens of each drug and 68 patients were followed up for at least 12 months after treatment. Albendazole was more effective than mebendazole and adverse reactions were comparable with both treatment regimens. At least 12 months is needed after treatment for an objective evaluation of the efficacy of benzimidazoles. At present, treatment with albendazole or mebendazole should be reserved for inoperable cases of cystic echinococcosis (under strict medical supervision) and individualized according to the patient's response and the occurrence and severity of adverse reactions.     

Assessments of pharmacokinetic drug interactions and tolerability of albendazole, praziquantel and ivermectin combinations

The pharmacokinetic interactions and tolerability of albendazole, praziquantel and ivermectin combinations were assessed in 23 healthy Thai volunteers (12 males and 11 females). The study was an open, randomised, three-way crossover design in which each subject attended the study on three separate occasions (Phases I, II and III), of 4 d or 8 d each, with at least 1 or 2 weeks (but not longer than 2 months) between each phase. All subjects received the three study drug regimens as follows: regimen I, oral praziquantel (40 mg/kg body weight); regimen II, oral ivermectin (200 microg/kg body weight) given concurrently with an oral dose of albendazole (400 mg); and regimen III, oral ivermectin given concurrently with albendazole and praziquantel. All treatment regimens showed acceptable tolerability profiles. The incidence of overall drug-related adverse events was significantly higher following regimens I (12/23) and III (7/23) compared with that following regimen II (0/23). Six statistically significant changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters of albendazole sulphoxide (Cmax, AUC0-infinity, Vz/F, CL/F), praziquantel (Vz/F) and ivermectin (AUC0-infinity) were observed when the three drugs were given concurrently. However, based on US Food and Drug Administration criteria, these changes were not considered of clinical relevance.     

Multicentre clinical trials of benzimidazolecarbamates in human echinococcosis

Studies coordinated by the World Health Organization were conducted in seven clinical centres on the chemotherapy of human echinococcosis with mebendazole, albendazole, and flubendazole. The first phase of these ended with the following conclusions.     

苯咪唑类药物对人体内肠线虫卵作用的比较研究

采用试管滤膜培养法比较观察３组治疗方案对肠道线虫的体内杀卵作用。Ａ组丙硫咪唑３００ｇ伍用复方甲苯咪唑３７５ｍｇ；Ｂ组高效驱虫片（每片含甲苯咪唑２００ｍｇ、丙硫咪唑１００ｍｇ）６００ｍｇ；Ｃ组高效驱虫片９００ｍｇ。治疗后，蛔虫卵、鞭虫卵和钧虫卵的平均发育率均较治前明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），并呈迅速下降趋势。其中，第１组治疗方案对蛔虫和钩虫的杀卵作用强于后两组。     

学龄前儿童蛲虫病的流行现状与防治

采用透明胶纸拭肛法对徐州城乡38所幼儿园共9297名儿童进行蛲虫流行情况调查,结果发现蛲虫卵阳性者3223名(34.7％)。对其中12所共2660名儿童中阴性者再连续检查两天次,累计阳性率达55.4％。城、乡以及男、女性别儿童感染率均无显著性差异(P＞0.05)。3～6岁间,年龄与感染率呈显著正相关(r＝0.998,P＜0.025)。感染者的手指、内裤、床单和坐椅上均查到感染性卵。52.7％感染者具有肛痒症状。表明蛲虫病在我区城乡儿童中流行广泛、危害严重,急待防治。对2358名感染者分别采用不同剂量丙硫咪唑与复方甲苯达唑治疗,虫卵阴转率达97.7％～98.9％,效果显著,副反应轻微。表明这两种药小剂量顿服,适用于现场普治,值得推广应用。     

Combination chemotherapy of Echinococcus granulosus--in vitro studies

Both benzimidazole carbamates and isoquinoline compounds have activity against protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus in culture in vitro; combinations of albendazole sulphoxide and praziquantel are more effective than either agent alone.