老年糖尿病患者医院感染的临床特点及影响因素分析

目的探讨老年糖尿病患者医院感染的临床特点及影响因素分析。方法选取2013年1月-2016年12月医院住院的老年糖尿病患者300例临床资料,分析患者感染率、病原菌分布并分析老年糖尿病医院感染相关影响因素。结果 300例老年糖尿病患者医院感染42例,感染率为14.0%;42例老年糖尿病医院感染患者中,呼吸道感染、泌尿道感染、皮肤软组织感染、消化道感染分别为15例、11例、8例、5例,构成比为35.7%、26.2%、19.0%、11.9%,42例老年糖尿病医院感染患者共培养出病原菌67株,其中革兰阳性菌、革兰阴性菌、真菌分别为12株、41株、14株,构成比分别为17.9%、61.2%、20.9%,革兰阳性菌主要为耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和肠球菌,革兰阴性菌主要为铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍氏不动杆菌;老年糖尿病患者医院感染和年龄、病程、糖化血红蛋白、空腹血糖、并发症、住院时间、侵入性操作及应用抗菌药物种类有关(P<0.05);年龄>70岁、病程≥5年、糖化血红蛋白>9%、空腹血糖≥15mmol/L、有并发症、住院时间≥4周、有侵入性操作、抗菌药物种类≥2种是老年糖尿病患者医院感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论老年糖尿病患者医院感染率较高,主要感染部位为呼吸道感染,主要病原菌为革兰阴性菌,临床应对高龄、病程长、糖化血红蛋白和空腹血糖高、合并并发症、住院时间长、抗菌药物种类多、有侵入性操作患者高度重视,预防医院感染的发生。     

老年糖尿病患者医院感染的临床特点及影响因素分析北大核心CSCD

目的探讨老年糖尿病患者医院感染的临床特点及影响因素分析。方法选取2013年1月-2016年12月医院住院的老年糖尿病患者300例临床资料,分析患者感染率、病原菌分布并分析老年糖尿病医院感染相关影响因素。结果 300例老年糖尿病患者医院感染42例,感染率为14.0%;42例老年糖尿病医院感染患者中,呼吸道感染、泌尿道感染、皮肤软组织感染、消化道感染分别为15例、11例、8例、5例,构成比为35.7%、26.2%、19.0%、11.9%,42例老年糖尿病医院感染患者共培养出病原菌67株,其中革兰阳性菌、革兰阴性菌、真菌分别为12株、41株、14株,构成比分别为17.9%、61.2%、20.9%,革兰阳性菌主要为耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和肠球菌,革兰阴性菌主要为铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍氏不动杆菌;老年糖尿病患者医院感染和年龄、病程、糖化血红蛋白、空腹血糖、并发症、住院时间、侵入性操作及应用抗菌药物种类有关(P<0.05);年龄>70岁、病程≥5年、糖化血红蛋白>9%、空腹血糖≥15mmol/L、有并发症、住院时间≥4周、有侵入性操作、抗菌药物种类≥2种是老年糖尿病患者医院感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论老年糖尿病患者医院感染率较高,主要感染部位为呼吸道感染,主要病原菌为革兰阴性菌,临床应对高龄、病程长、糖化血红蛋白和空腹血糖高、合并并发症、住院时间长、抗菌药物种类多、有侵入性操作患者高度重视,预防医院感染的发生。     

糖尿病住院患者医院感染危险因素对照研究

目的探讨糖尿病住院患者合并医院感染的危险因素。方法回顾性分析1620例糖尿病患者住院病历,将合并医院感染者作为观察组,按1∶2选择同期无医院感染糖尿病患者作为对照组,对感染可能因素先进行单因素分析,将有显著意义的因素赋值后进行多因素非条件logistic分析。结果医院感染发生率为8.64%;单因素分析9个变量是医院感染危险因素,logistic回归分析结果筛选出高龄、侵入性操作、血糖水平高、预防性应用抗菌药物是独立危险因素。结论糖尿病住院患者医院感染发生率较高,影响因素较多,应密切监测高龄患者;减少侵入性操作,控制血糖水平,合理应用抗菌药物,降低医院感染的发生。     

糖尿病患者医院感染危险因素分析及控制对策

目的探讨糖尿病患者出现医院感染的危险因素,针对性提出应对策略,降低医院感染率。方法对2011年5月-2013年5月住院治疗的287例糖尿病患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,分析糖尿病患者医院感染危险因素。结果 287例糖尿病患者中发生医院感染58例,医院感染率为20.21%;感染部位以呼吸道和泌尿道感染为主,分别占60.35%和15.52%;共检出病原菌64株,其中革兰阴性菌38株占59.38%、革兰阳性菌24株占37.50%、真菌2株占3.12%;糖尿病患者医院感染与患者年龄、住院时间、病程、血糖水平、糖化血红蛋白、糖尿病并发症、抗菌药物应用及侵入性操作等因素具有相关性(P<0.05)。结论高龄、病程与住院时间长、糖化血红蛋白、空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖高、应用抗菌药物、存在并发症以及侵入性操作为糖尿病患者发生医院感染的危险因素,应针对性地采取有效的应对策略降低医院感染的发生率。     

肿瘤内科患者医院感染的相关因素分析

目的探讨肿瘤内科患者医院感染的相关因素,并进行统计分析,以降低感染率。方法选择2010年12月-2012年12月肿瘤内科住院患者162例临床资料进行回顾性分析,观察患者发生医院感染率及相关因素分析;采用SPSS17.0统计软件进行分析。结果 162例肿瘤内科患者有54例发生医院感染,感染率为33.33%;经单因素分析发现,患者的年龄、性别、侵入性操作、化疗药物、血清白蛋白、住院时间以及抗菌药物的滥用有显著的相关性(P<0.05),对有意义的单因素进行多因素logistic回归分析发现,患者的年龄、化疗药物、血清白蛋白、侵入性操作、住院时间以及抗菌药物的滥用是肿瘤内科患者发生医院感染的独立危险因素。结论肿瘤内科患者医院感染发生率较高,影响因素较多,临床医师需要结合患者的情况做好充分评估,进而减少医院感染的发生。     

44例糖尿病患者医院感染危险因素分析及护理干预措施

目的 分析糖尿病发生医院感染的危险因素,以采取有针对性诊疗护理措施,为有效防治糖尿病医院感染提供科学依据.方法 对医院895例糖尿病住院患者的临床资料进行分析,研究其医院感染发生的相关危险因素.结果 所有糖尿病患者有44例发生医院感染,感染发生率为4.92％;糖尿病发生医院感染的常见部位呼吸道17例占38.64％、泌尿道12例占27.27％、皮肤7例占15.91％和胃肠道6例占13.64％;感染的病原菌主要为革兰阴性杆菌36株占81.82％,革兰阳性球菌4株占9.09％,真菌3株占6.82％;单因素X2检验分析,医院感染与年龄、糖尿病病程、血糖控制水平、侵入性操作、住院时间、抗菌药物种类有相关性,logistic多因素回归分析发现,年龄、血糖控制水平、侵入性操作和抗菌药物种类是医院感染发生的独立危险因素.结论 糖尿病患者医院感染发生率较高,影响其发生的因素多样,应根据相应情况,采取有针对性的诊疗护理措施,密切监测高龄患者,减少侵入性操作,控制血糖水平,合理应用抗菌药物,降低医院感染的发生.     

老年糖尿病患者医院感染的危险因素分析及对策

目的 探讨老年糖尿病患者医院感染的相关因素并制定措施,从而控制感染发生.方法 回顾性分析4年内老年糖尿病患者医院感染共450例的临床资料,记录患者年龄、性别、文化程度、居住地、经济状况、病程、住院天数、空腹血糖值、糖尿病并发症、接受侵入性操作、住院期间抗菌药物使用等,统计不同因素诱发感染的关系,并通过logistic回归分析统计直接因素.结果 共56例患者出现感染,发生率为12.4％;logistic回归分析显示,患者年龄(OR=2.847)、居住地(OR=2.018)、病程(OR=1.085)、住院时间(OR=2.176)、空腹血糖值(OR=2.165)、并发症(OR=1.984)、接受侵入性操作(OR=2.014)以及多种抗菌药物的联合应用(OR=1.779)等均为医院感染的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 医院感染的独立危险因素较多,临床应采取对应防护措施.     

老年住院患者医院感染的危险因素分析

目的探讨心内科老年住院患者医院感染的高危因素,为可行的预防措施提供依据。方法回顾性分析2010年1月-2013年1月在心内科进行治疗的1 365例老年住院患者临床资料,比较患者性别、心功能、住院时间、抗菌药物使用、侵入性操作、合并其他疾病等,对可能导致医院感染发生的影响因素进行非条件logistic回归分析,确定影响心内科老年患者医院感染的独立因素。结果心内科1 365例老年患者中108例发生医院感染,感染率7.91%;感染患者心功能减低、住院时间长、抗菌药物使用、侵入性操作、合并其他疾病、非单间病房是发生感染的相关危险因素;多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,心功能降低、住院时间长、抗菌药物使用、侵入性操作、合并其他疾病是心内科老年患者发生感染的独立危险因素。结论心功能低下、住院时间长、抗菌药物使用、侵入性操作、合并其他疾病是心内科老年住院患者医院感染的高危因素,针对以上因素,做好预防和控制措施能够有效地减少医院感染的发生,确保医疗安全。     

肺癌住院患者实施医院感染预防措施的效果分析

目的分析肺癌住院患者医院感染的危险因素,评价感染预防措施对医院感染的预防效果。方法回顾性分析医院2011年1月-2013年3月收治的329例肺癌患者临床资料,分析患者住院期间医院感染情况及危险因素,制定感染预防措施,另选取肺癌患者172例随机分为观察组和对照组,各86例,观察组实施感染预防措施,对照组仅作一般护理,评价预防效果。结果 329例患者发生医院感染45例,医院感染率为13.7%;观察组患者医院感染率为4.7%,显著低于对照组的14.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.583,P<0.05);经单因素logistic回归分析,患者年龄、卡氏功能状态(KPS)评分、肿瘤淋巴结转移(TNM)分期、合并糖尿病及慢性阻塞性肺疾病、住院时间、侵入性操作、白细胞计数、预防性应用抗菌药物9个变量与医院感染相关(P<0.05)。结论年龄≥60岁、KPS评分≤70分、合并糖尿病、合并COPD、住院时间>2周、预防性应用抗菌药物是医院感染独立危险因素,针对以上危险因素进行相应的干预能有效降低医院感染率。     

糖尿病合并多发性骨髓瘤患者化疗后感染的病原菌分布及其影响因素

目的 探讨糖尿病合并多发性骨髓瘤患者化疗后感染的病原菌分布及影响因素。方法 选取2020年4月至2022年5月本院收治的糖尿病合并多发性骨髓瘤患者68例。收集患者的人口学特征、体质量指数、住院时间、疾病完全缓解情况、治疗过程中是否有侵入性操作、白蛋白水平、空腹血糖、Durie-Salmon分期;记录患者化疗后感染情况、感染部位、病原菌种类,分析影响因素。结果 68例糖尿病合并多发性骨髓瘤患者中有19例(27.94%)化疗后发生感染,共培养并分离出病原菌20株;其中革兰氏阴性菌14株(70.00%),革兰氏阳性菌6株(30.00%)。体质量指数≥24 kg/m²、住院时间≥30 d、未疾病完全缓解、白蛋白<30 g/L、空腹血糖≥7.0 mmol/L的糖尿病合并多发性骨髓瘤患者化疗后感染率明显高于体质量指数<24 kg/m²、住院时间<30 d、疾病完全缓解、白蛋白≥30 g/L、空腹血糖<7.0 mmol/L的患者,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);随着Durie-Salmon分期的增加糖尿病合并多发性骨髓瘤...     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.