老年良性前列腺增生与体质指数及腰臀比关系

目的 探讨老年男性体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)与临床良性前列腺增生(BPH)的关系.方法 采取以医院为基础的病例对照研究.病例组为经组织学检查证实为临床BPH的208例男性,对照组为因患其他非前列腺疾病而入住与病例相同医院的同期病人208例.对研究对象在住院期间进行问卷调查,同时对身高、体重、腰围、臀围进行测量.采用多元Logistic回归模型对患者BMI、WHR与临床BPH的比值比(OR)及其95%CI进行统计.结果 与正常体型者(WHR<0.9)相比.向心性肥胖者(WHR≥0.9)发生BPH的危险性增加,OR=1.16,95%CU=1.05～4.87.P<0.05.在调整了年龄和BMI因素后,与正常体型者相比,无论是超重(BMI 24.0～27.9)或是肥胖(BMI≥28).发生BPH的危险性均明显增高,超重者OR=2.65,95%CI=1.33～6.96,肥胖者OR=3.00,95%CI=1.81～8.84.结论 向心性肥胖是BPH的一个重要危险因素,在超重和肥胖的男性中,向心性肥胖者发生BPH的危脸性明显增高.     

良性前列腺增生与吸烟、体质指数关系

目的应用病例对照研究方法,对临床前列腺增生（BPH）手术病例进行调查,以研究吸烟、体质指数与良性前列腺增生危险性之间的关系。方法病例组为2004～2006年施行良性前列腺增生手术,年龄在50～82岁的343名男性;对照组为与病例年龄相同的361名患其他疾病的男性。采用自行设计的调查表对住院期间研究对象进行调查,内容包括人口学特征、身体测量、生活方式（吸烟、膳食情况）、个体疾病既往史以及家族一级亲属前列腺疾病史等。采用多元回归模型测量各因素与BPH关系的比值比（OR）及其相应的95%CI。结果控制了年龄和体质指数后,每天吸烟1～29支与发生BPH的危险性无关,OR=0.97,95%CI=0.68～1.46,P〉0.05。但每天吸烟≥30支与不吸烟者比较,发生BPH的危险性增加,OR=1.32,95%CI=0.92～2.58,P〈0.01。超重者（BMI24.0～27.9）或肥胖者（BMI≥28）吸烟与发生BPH的危险性显著地增高,与不吸烟者比较分别为：OR=1.68,95%CI=1.32～3.67和OR=2.35,95%CI=1.83～4.16。结论只有现行吸烟≥30支/d的男性才与BPH呈正相关,超重和肥胖的男性吸烟发生临床BPH的危险性显著地升高。     

蛋白质摄入量与良性前列腺增生相关性分析

目的检验膳食蛋白质、牛奶及奶类制品与良性前列腺增生(BPH)的关系。方法采用病例对照研究方法,病例为2007-2009年施行BPH手术,年龄在55～90岁的360例男性;对照为与病例年龄相同的360例患其他疾病的男性,对研究对象进行问卷调查,同时用半定量化食物频率调查表(FFQ),调查研究对象膳食情况;采用多元Logistic回归模型检验研究因素与BPH关系的比值比(OR)及其相应的95%可信区间(CI)。结果病例组居住农村者高于对照组,分别为28.3%(102/360)和16.7%(60/360),2组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在调整了年龄及热能的摄入量后,总蛋白质的摄入量与BPH呈负相关(χ2=8.567,P=0.036);与摄入量最低四分位数对照组比较,病例组最高四分位数者的OR值明显降低(OR=0.615,95%CI=0.014～0.930);动物性蛋白质、牛奶及奶类制品的摄入量与BPH呈负相关关系(分别为χ2=10.572,P=0.014和OR=0.731,95%CI=0.545～0.981),但随着每日摄入量的增加,BPH发病的危险性并不呈一致性的降低,与摄入量最低四分位数的对照组比较,病例组最高四分位数者的OR值增加(分别为OR=0.638,95%CI=0.418～0.972和OR=0.636,95%CI=0.292～0.835)。结论膳食蛋白质,尤其是动物性蛋白质可使BPH的危险性降低,而摄入过多动物蛋白却使这种保护性作用降低。     

良性前列腺增生主要影响因素的Meta分析

目的探讨超重或肥胖、高血压、糖尿病、部分生活方式与良性前列腺增生(BPH)的关系。方法采用Revman5.3和Stata12.0分析软件,对国内外的有关前列腺增生影响因素的病例对照研究资料进行Meta分析。结果超重或肥胖、高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、饮酒的合并OR值分别为1.17(95%CI:1.06~1.30)、1.57(95%CI:1.29~1.91)、1.58(95%CI:1.19~2.10)、0.79(95%CI:0.64~0.97)、0.73(95%CI:0.65~0.82)。结论超重或肥胖、高血压、糖尿病为前列腺增生的危险因素,吸烟、饮酒可能会降低前列腺增生的发生率,其与前列腺增生的关系有待进一步研究。     

农村高血压人群良性前列腺增生影响因素分析

目的 探讨农村地区高血压人群中,良性前列腺增生(BPH)的患病情况及其影响因素.方法 采用人群为基础的流行病学调查,收集安徽省安庆农村地区50岁以上男性高血压患者621例,其中患有良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者300例,非良性前列腺增生患者321例.采用Logistic逐步回归分析高血压患者伴发良性前列腺增生的影响因素.单因素分析采用t检验、χ2检验,多因素分析采用Logistic逐步回归.结果 Logistic逐步回归结果显示,高血压人群中BPH患病与以下5种因素有关:年龄(OR=1.077,95%CI=1.046～1.109)、30岁性生活频次(OR=1.027,95%CI=1.004～1.051)、食盐摄入量(OR=2.007,95%CI=1.324～3.043)、水果摄入量(OR=0.628,95%CI=0.431～0.914)以及心理紧张度(OR=2.128,95%CI=1.439～3.146).结论 高水果摄入可能是高血压人群中BPH的保护因素;年龄、30岁性生活过频、食盐摄入过高以及心理紧张可能是BPH的危险因素.     

蒙古族高血压遗传及环境危险因素分析

目的探讨蒙古族高血压的遗传环境影响因素。方法在现况调查基础上,以其中无血缘关系的579名蒙古族人（高血压者298人,正常血压者281人）为研究对象进行病例对照研究。调查相关的环境因素并采集血样,对肾素基因一处新发现的插入/缺失（insertion/deletion,I/D）多态性、血管紧张素转换酶基因的插入/缺失（ivseaion/deletion.I/D）多态性,采用PCR技术结合凝胶电泳和银染方法进行基因分型。采用非条件Logistic回归模型进行遗传、环境多因素分析。结果年龄、体质指数（BMI）、每日饮酒量、肾素基因I/D多态性对高血压的发生差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。年龄每增加10岁发生高血压的危险性是增加前的1.28倍（OR95%CI=05～1.57）;BMI≥24 kg/m^2发生高血压的危险性是BMI〈24 kg/cm^2的2.44倍（OR95%CI=1.66～3.64）;每日饮酒量每增加一个等级发生高血压的危险性是增加前的1.61倍（OR95%CI=1.25～2.08）;肾素基因I/D多态性以II基因型为参照,ID、DD基因型的OR分别为2.39（OR95%CI=1.31～4.48）,2.41（OR95%CI=1.27～4.68）。结论超重或肥胖、长期过量饮酒是蒙古族人群高血压的危险因素,肾素基因I/D多态性D等位基因可增加蒙古族人群高血压的危险性。     

体重指数及腰臀比与年龄相关白内障关系

[目的]探讨中老年人体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)与年龄相关白内障(ARC)的关系。[方法]采取以医院为基础的病例对照研究。病例为因视力下降接受手术治疗,术后经病理证实为晶状体混浊的260例ARC患者,对照为因患其他非白内障及其他眼部疾病而入住与病例相同医院的同期患者260例。采用标准调查表对研究对象进行面对面调查,同时对身高、体重、腰围、臀围进行测量,并计算BMI及WHR。采用多元Logistic回归分析对研究对象的BMI、WHR与临床ARC的比值比(OR值)及其95%的可信区间(CI)进行估计。[结果]与正常体型者(男性WHR﹤0.9;女性﹤0.88)相比,向心性肥胖者(男性WHR≥0.9;女性及≥0.88)发生ARC的危险性增加(OR值分别为2.105和1.821,95%CI分别为1.796～3.238和1.483～2.845),二者间差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。在调整了年龄和性别后,与正常BMI(18.50～23.99)者相比较,无论是超重(BMI24.0～27.99),还是肥胖(BMI≥28.00),发生ARC的危险性均明显升高(超重者OR=1.624,95%CI:1.025～1.986,P=0.015;肥胖者OR=1.745,95%CI:1.321～2.394,P=0.022),而体重过低者(BMI﹤18.50)发生ARC的危险性亦增加(OR=1.370,95%CI:1.103～1.684,P=0.017)。[结论]向心性肥胖是发生ARC的一个重要的危险因素,超重和肥胖的人群,发生ARC的危脸性明显增加,维持正常体重可能是ARC发病的保护因素。     

良性前列腺增生患者经尿道前列腺电切术后发生尿道狭窄的危险因素及预防性护理策略

目的 探讨良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)后发生尿道狭窄的危险因素及预防性护理策略。方法 回顾性分析2020年4月至2022年4月于医院行TURP的91例BPH患者的临床资料，统计术后尿道狭窄发生情况，使用单因素、多因素分析BPH患者TURP术后发生尿道狭窄的危险因素。结果 91例BPH患者TURP术后尿道狭窄发生率为12.09%(11/91)；单因素分析显示，术前糖尿病、术前尿道感染、前列腺体积、手术时间、尿管留置时间、术中行尿道扩张整形与BPH患者TURP术后发生尿道狭窄有关(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示，术前有糖尿病(β=1.828,OR=6.222,95%CI=1.518～25.497)、术前有尿道感染(β=1.870,OR=6.485,95%CI=1.698～24.772)、前列腺体积≥60 cm³(β=2.014,OR=7.492,95%CI=1.816～30.912)、手术时间≥70 min(β=2.123,OR=8.357,95%CI=1.688～41.375)、尿管留置时间≥5 d(β=1.822,...     

农村老年人高血压与前列腺增生的研究

目的 探讨老年性高血压与良性前列腺增生(BPH)的关系。方法 采用以人群为基础的现况调查及病例对照研究，病例组为沈阳市某郊区农村60周岁以上的前列腺增生(BPH)患，对照组为无前列腺增生(排除前列腺癌、前列腺炎等疾病)的老年男性，病例与对照各100例，单因素分析采用χ^2检验，多因素分析采用非条件Logistic回归分析。结果 该地农村老年人高血压组BPH患病率高于非高血压组，舒张压水平与BPH间呈现剂量一反应关系．调整其他因素后舒张压仍与BPH发病有关(OR=1．10，95％CI：1．07～1．14)。结论 舒张压升高可能是BPH发生的的危险因素．     

男性下尿路症状与腰围及腰臀比相关性分析

目的 采用国际前列腺症状评分量表(IPSS)对≥55岁临床术后良性前列腺增生(BPH)的男性进行调查,探讨下尿路症状(LUTS)程度与腰围(WC)及腰臀比(WHR)的关系.方法 2005年7月～2007年6月,收集280例55～85岁临床术后BPH男性的LUTS资料,同时测量腰围和臀围.采用多元Logistic回归模型对中～重度LUTS(梗阻性和刺激性症状)进行分析.结果 LULS的严重程度随年龄的增长呈显著性升高.在调整了多因素之后,WC>85cm和WHR≥0.9者发生中～重度LUTS(刺激性症状)的危险增加.WC与中～重度LUTS和刺激性症状的OR值分别为2.807和1.105(95%=2.506～15.587和1.023～2.892);WHR与发生LUTS(OR=3.635,95%CI=3.432～10.624)和刺激性症状(OR=1.195,95%CI=1.135～3.286)的危险性呈正相关.结论 向心性肥胖可能是LUTS的重要危险因素,不良生活行为方式可能是促使LUTS恶化的因素.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.