大数据技术方法在健康管理中的应用

从大数据的时代背景、定义和特征类型出发,对大数据技术方法进行综述。概述大数据基础架构支持和数据采集;列举数据存储技术,包括关系型数据库、非关系型数据库、实时数据库和列式数据库;介绍基于并行计算的分布式数据处理技术、分布式流处理技术和内存计算处理技术等数据处理技术;分析对比各类数据挖掘技术的优劣性;介绍大数据展示与交互技术;最后介绍大数据方法技术在健康管理和疾病管理中的研究应用。     

Large-scale earthen ruins informatization protection integrated with spatial information technology

为了实现大型土遗址的信息化保护和有效利用,本文研究利用激光扫描技术获取遗址建筑三维数据、测绘技术获取地形数据、遥感技术获取地形纹理数据、数码相机拍摄获取遗址建筑纹理数据、地理信息系统技术实现空间数据分析,以及利用虚拟漫游技术实现数据的虚拟漫游与可视化,通过以上技术集成,建立了大型土遗址信息化保护系统,实现了交河故城的三维虚拟再现和信息化保护.     

大数据:前景·技术·变革

当今大数据技术逐渐渗透到社会生产和生活各个领域,但是医疗卫生领域大数据应用尚未拉开序幕。医学作为基于数据和循证的一门科学,其临床医疗、公共卫生、医疗保障、药品生产研发等都离不开数据的支撑,可以说医疗卫生领域是大数据技术应用最为广阔的市场。目前大数据技术已为行业应用奠定了的必要基础。面对医疗卫生信息化由"小数据时代"向"大数据时代"的转变,需要技术与业务的深度融合,需要创新思维观念,需要理论与实践的     

大数据技术用于传染病疫情防控策略探讨

本文通过梳理大数据技术用于新冠肺炎疫情防控的应用经验、存在的问题等,认为大数据技术可为传染病疫情的流行病学调查提供有力支持,有助于实现传染病疫情精准防控.建议卫生健康部门应尽快建立大数据技术应用思维,结合数字政府建设形成大数据技术应用的工作机制,同时要注意信息安全.     

公共卫生大数据平台探索与实践

分析了公共卫生大数据应用需求,提出了公共卫生大数据平台的功能和技术架构,讨论了平台实现涉及的关键技术。宁波市公共卫生大数据平台可为政府科学决策、卫生研究提供有力的数据和技术支撑。     

脑卒中防控管理大数据平台的设计与实现

本文针对我国脑卒中防控的现实需要,分析了脑卒中防控的大数据应用需求和特征,提出了脑卒中防控管理大数据平台的功能和技术架构,讨论了平台实现涉及的关键技术。在此基础上,利用异构数据整合与集成、大数据存储、MapReduce、Spark计算等技术,研发了大数据平台原型系统。该平台可为政府科学决策、卒中防控指导和临床研究提供有力的数据和技术支撑。     

医院信息系统中利用Excel表格进行字典初始化

目前,数据库技术的应用在各行各业已经起到了举足轻重的作用。但是,在这种技术的应用过程中,各单位都要进行数据字典初始化工作。而在数据字典初始化的工作过程中, 需要收集大量数据,录入数据。在数据的收集和录入过程中     

医院大数据框架体系构建及数据利用

随着医院信息化发展,医疗业务系统建设越来越多,随之带来的是海量的医疗数据。在保存这些医疗数据的同时,如何得到更好的利用,为临床诊疗、科学研究及行政管理提供数据支撑,是当前需要解决的问题。本文旨在通过分析介绍大数据的框架体系,对比传统模式下的数据利用技术和方法。结合当前大数据技术在临床智能化、行政管理、科研及临床试验等应用情况,探索大数据技术在医疗大数据领域应用方向及趋势,更好地体现医疗数据的利用价值。     

运用Web Service技术解决疗养院内部系统整合

经过编制体制调整后的疗养院,其业务活动已转型为统一综合管理模式,而内部遗留信息系统严重制约了全院信息的统管、分析、上报。通过运用Web Service技术、UDDI、XML和数据机器人等先进技术组合应用方案,解决疗养院内部各单位、部门离散数据与异构系统的整合与集中管控。本文着重介绍了基于Web Service的异构系统整合技术、基于数据机器人的数据抓取技术、满足整合系统向前兼容的相关技术及总体方案的技术架构。     

基于大数据的医院集成平台协同与数据融合利用

新时代下医院信息从信息技术转向数据技术应用,医院信息的顶层设计基于集成平台与大数据技术的全量数据中心建设,利用移动技术、微信企业号、大数据技术等新技术构建面向临床应用、管理决策、科学研究等一系列应用,对数据集中管理与治理,提供安全、完整、实时、高效、可溯源和便捷的数据分析和决策支持平台,将改善就医流程,提升医疗质量,快速决策支持等数据利用服务。     

在多基因PCR中对dNTP与Mg^2＋的浓度关系的研究

目的　通过实验介绍在单一浓度下的Mg2 与在不同浓度情况下的dNTP及在单一浓度下的dNTP与在不同浓度下的Mg2 进行多基因PCR的反应过程。方法　通过多基因PCR分析比较Mg2 和dNTP在不同浓度下的反应结果。结果　PCR反应在 10×PCRBuffer为 0 0 2mol/LMg2 浓度时 ,随着dNTP浓度的增大 ,PCR反应增强 ,特别是较大片段PCR产物反映更为明显。但随着dNTP浓度的继续增大 ,PCR反应抑制 ,扩增条带度减弱 ,直至条带完全消失。而在0 0 0 2mmol/LdNTP浓度下 ,随着Mg2 浓度的不断增大 ,反应逐渐增强。但随着Mg2 浓度的继续增大 ,扩增条带亮度有减弱趋势。结论　在Mg2 单一浓度下 ,较大浓度dNTP有增强条带亮度的作用 ;在dNTP单一浓度下 ,过高的Mg2 浓度能抑制反应。     

The Varieties of Dignity

As a part of a research project on Dignity and Older Europeans (Fifth Framework (Quality of Life) Programme3) I explore in this paper a set of notions of human dignity. The general concept of dignity is introduced and characterized as a position on a value scale and it is further specified through its relations to the notions of right, respect and self-respect. I present four kinds of dignity and spell out their differences: the dignity of merit, the dignity of moral or existential stature, the dignity of identity and the universal human dignity (Menschenwürde). Menschenwürde pertains to all human beings to the same extent and cannot be lost as long as the persons exist. The dignity of merit depends on social rank and position. There are many species of this kind of dignity and it is very unevenly distributed among human beings. The dignity of merit exists in degrees and it can come and go. The dignity of moral stature is the result of the moral deeds of the subject; likewise it can be reduced or lost through his or her immoral deeds. This kind of dignity is tied to the idea of a dignified character and of dignity as a virtue. The dignity of moral stature is a dignity of degree and it is also unevenly distributed. The dignity of identity is tied to the integrity of the subject's body and mind, and in many instances, although not always, also dependent on the subject's self-image. This dignity can come and go as a result of the deeds of fellow human beings and also as a result of changes in the subject's body and mind.     

2015—2016年自贡市中小学生近视流行现况与教室环境卫生关联性分析

目的了解2015—2016年自贡市中小学生近视的流行现况及教室环境卫生状况,为近视的预防及后期进行影响因素研究提供线索。方法利用2015-2016年自贡市中小学生常见病和教学与生活环境卫生监测工作终期数据,分析7～18岁中小学生近视检出情况,利用2×2列联表的关联性分析探索教室环境监测评价综合结果与学生近视之间关系。结果2015-2016年中小学生近视检出率分别为44.9%、53.4%,重度近视占近视的比例分别为62.8%、69.4%;2016年近视检出增长率为18.7%,其中重度近视检出增长率最大。城区中小学生近视检出率高于乡村,女生近视检出率高于男生,城乡学生近视检出率均随着学习阶段递增而增加,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);教室环境监测评价综合得分低的学校学生近视检出率高(P＜0.05,Ф＞0)。结论自贡市中小学生近视检出情况较严重,不容乐观,应加强中小学近视筛查并采取干预措施;中小学教室环境卫生监测项目达标低,可能是导致学生近视高检出率的原因之一,应完善相关教学设施的建设。     

Lieu de contrôle chez les obèses : traduction et première étude de validation de l’échelle du lieu de contrôle du poids de saltzer

The objectives of this study are to enable the use of the concept of locus of control in the treatment of obese subjects and to verify if the presence of an alimentary disorder influences the belief in the weight’s control. The translation and validation in French is also part of the objective. We translated into French Saltzer’s specific scale of Weight Locus of Control (WLOC: weight locus of control) and then examined it’s validity. Then we compared it on general scales of the place of control (IPC of Levenson and SOC-3 of Paulhus). The subjects were both classified according to the presence of eating disorders (ED). A sample of 46 obese women (IMC>30) was tested, 20 of them without ED, and 26 with, associated to the presence ED, according to the criteria of the DSM-IV.The internal validity of WLOC is rather satisfactory. It correlates negatively with internality (IPC), personal control and interpersonal control (SOC-3). ED at the obese subjects are related on the externality of weight control and the externality of personal control. Obese subjects without ED believe more in weight control by themselves and personal control that the obese subjects with ED (Eating Disorders). Finally the scale of weight locus of control (WLOC) remains the most adapted in the treatment and the study of the obese subject.     

含矽粉尘的不同负荷吸入方式对大鼠肺中粉尘滞留和肺灌洗液中磷脂的影响

用甲酸法测定大鼠肺和纵膈淋巴结中的粉尘含量；用高效液相色谱法检测肺泡灌洗液中的磷脂。结果发现在染尘总剂量相同时，短时间以冲击量吸入含矽粉尘（冲击组）的大鼠肺中粉尘的含量在染尘结束后的第３天高于其它组；总磷脂的含量在第３天、第１０天也明显高于对照组。提示短时间突然吸入大量含矽粉尘可对肺产生较为严重的损伤     

Le processus du vieillissement : longévité et alimentation

Ageing and the nutrition knew two great evolutions recently. First of all, progress of the genetics of ageing which showed the genetic control of longevity. In addition, the important corpus of knowledge accumulated in the field of the food restriction, one of the rare interventions not-genetics known to increase the longevity of the mammals. This type of food mode being associated with a reduction in pathologies related to the age. The conjunction of these two targets of research made it possible to discover at animal models, mainly invertebrate, the subjacent genetic mechanisms binding the level of food and longevity. The comprehension of these genetic mechanisms will make it possible to open therapeutic new prospects connected to the processes of ageing. From yeast to mammals, a certain number of homologous genetic ways were shown. This rise of knowledge brings a beam, always growing, of data showing that the nervous system power station plays a part crucial in the perception of the requirements out of food also in the invertebrates.     

实施社区与家庭健康促进项目 推动妇幼卫生事业发展

邹城市为１９９６～２０００年合作周期《加强中国基层妇幼卫生服务》项目市,积极推行初级卫生保健,确立了社区与家庭健康作为项目的重要内容。市委、市政府高度重视,加强领导,在上级业务部门指导下,以健全三级医疗保健网为基础,加强基层妇幼卫生队伍的建设和提高业务素质为重点,以提高妇女儿童的健康水平,降低孕产妇和５岁以下儿童死亡率为目的,把社区与家庭健康促进项目作为初级卫生保健的重要组成部分,作为密切联系群众,提高人民健康水平和自我保健意识,保护社会生产力的重要措施,并纳入全市社会经济发展的总体规划。１９９８年度,全市孕产妇死亡率下降到２５．７０／１０万,５岁以下儿童死亡率下降到１９．１５‰,其中婴儿死亡率下降到１６．４５‰。     

The health promotion implications of the knowledge and attitude of employees in relation to health and safety leaflets

Selected aspects of the efficacy of printed leaflets produced by a government health and safety agency and widely distributed by the enforcement bodies and other organisations to promote workplace health and safety are examined. It is based on a study of 30 small or medium-sized enterprises and examines the views of 120 employers and employees regarding the availability, attractiveness, relevance and usefulness of the leaflets and estimates the reader comprehension and readability of the selected leaflets. The results indicate that the selected leaflets are considered acceptable and comprehensible by the majority of respondents. As these are typical of the leaflets available in the health and safety field this is a positive outcome. The discussion focuses around the ability of the leaflets to engage and to inform and suggestions are made to encourage a wider debate on the criteria which contribute to these two aspects of leaflet use. It is contended that leaflets will continue to be important in the attempts of those involved in workplace health and safety to facilitate learning and to contribute to the overall process of behaviour change. This study raises a number of key issues regarding the future design and use of such leaflets.     

Processed Meat Consumption and the Risk of Cancer: A Critical Evaluation of the Constraints of Current Evidence from Epidemiological Studies

Based on a large volume of observational scientific studies and many summary papers, a high consumption of meat and processed meat products has been suggested to have a harmful effect on human health. These results have led guideline panels worldwide to recommend to the general population a reduced consumption of processed meat and meat products, with the overarching aim of lowering disease risk, especially of cancer. We revisited and updated the evidence base, evaluating the methodological quality and the certainty of estimates in the published systematic reviews and meta-analyses that examined the association between processed meat consumption and the risk of cancer at different sites across the body, as well as the overall risk of cancer mortality. We further explored if discrepancies in study designs and risks of bias could explain the heterogeneity observed in meta-analyses. In summary, there are severe methodological limitations to the majority of the previously published systematic reviews and meta-analyses that examined the consumption of processed meat and the risk of cancer. Many lacked the proper assessment of the methodological quality of the primary studies they included, or the literature searches did not fulfill the methodological standards needed in order to be systematic and transparent. The primary studies included in the reviews had a potential risk for the misclassification of exposure, a serious risk of bias due to confounding, a moderate to serious risk of bias due to missing data, and/or a moderate to serious risk of selection of the reported results. All these factors may have potentially led to the overestimation of the risk related to processed meat intake across all cancer outcomes. Thus, with the aim of lowering the risk of cancer, the recommendation to reduce the consumption of processed meat and meat products in the general population seems to be based on evidence that is not methodologically strong.     

Ethical requirements for occupational health research--compliance arrangements for a single company in relation to a recent major nuclear industry study.

The media coverage given to occupational health studies in the field of ionizing radiation has, on occasion, been the cause of very real distress to radiation workers and their families. In response to this situation the Chief Medical Officers of the major UK nuclear companies developed an ethical policy for future involvement in research, based on the duty of care which researchers owe to a key customer of such studies: the worker. The policy consists of four principal elements: medical confidentiality; worker information; worker consent and the guarantee of the availability to the workers of pre-publication knowledge of the results. The policy issued in 1991/92 has achieved growing acceptance among researchers and medical journals, though the medical officers involved have been aware of some scepticism, particularly in relation to the practicalities of the dissemination of pre-publication information. The Record Linkage Study published in November 1997 marked a major piece of research work involving data from 120,000 radiation workers that had been carried out since the development of the policy. This paper reports on the successful compliance arrangements to meet the ethical requirements of that study within a single UK nuclear company, and is published to demonstrate that with commitment from researchers, the journal and occupational health staff such ethical requirements, and particularly the need for pre-publication information can be met in full.