THE STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIGARETTE SMOKING AND THE p53 PROTEIN AND P21 PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN NON-SMALL LUNG CANCER

This paper discusses the relationship betweencigarette smoking and the p53 protein and P21 proteinexpression by the immunohistochemical analysis in 93cases with lung cancer in which squamous cell carcinomaaccounted for 45 cases, adenocarcinoma 48 cases. Theresults showed that positive proportion of p53 proteinexpression was 74.20% (28 of 37 squamous cell carcinoma,21 of 30 adenocarcinomas) in cigarette smoking groupwith lung cancers, and 38.46% (3 of 8 squamous cellcarcinoma, 7 of 18 adenocarcinomas) in nonsmokinggroup with lung cancers. The difference was statisticallysignificant. Odds ratio was 4.14 and confidence limitsfor OR was 1.42-12.52. A dose-related presents in thep53 protein expression for the smoking amount andsmoking years. The positive proportion of P21 proteinexpression was 79.31% (21 of 28 squamous cell carcinoma,25 of 30 adenocarcinomas) in cigarette smoking groupwith lung cancers, and 82.75%(10 of 11 squamous,14 of18 adenocarcinomas) in nonsmoking group with lungcancers, the difference     

CLINICAL STUDY OF T-PA AND U-PA EXPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH GASTROINTESTINAL CANCER

Objective: To study the changes of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) expressions and fibrinolysis molecular markers in patients with gastrointestinal cancer in order to elucidate their clinical significance. Methods: The plasma levels of t-PA, u-PA, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (u-PAR) and plasmin anti-plasmin complex (PAP) were measured by ELISA. t-PA and u-PA mRNAs were detected by Real-time RT-PCR. Results: The plasma levels of u-PA, u-PAR and PAP were elevated in gastrointestinal cancer patients, while u-PA was markedly elevated in patients with local infiltration, lymph node involvement or distal metastasis. U-PA mRNA was higher and t-PA was lower in gastrointestinal cancer compared to normal tissue. Conclusion: Hyperfibrinolysis is an important factor related with metastasis potential of gastrointestinal cancer, t-PA may be a character of well differentiated tissue.     

EFFECTS OF SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ON SOME BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LUNG CANCER CELLS IN VIVO AND IN VITRO

The present study observed the effects of superoxide diamutase (SOD) and its Inhibitor, diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), on the metastasis of Lewis Lung cancer and some biological characteristics of A548 lung cancer cell line. It was found that SOD and DDC inhibited significantly the metastasis of Lewis lung cancer In C57 BL mice, which the effect of DDC was more significant than that of SOD, and decreased the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cell and its transplantation rate in nude mice.     

THE STUDY ON RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH BREAST CANCER AMONG WOMEN IN TIANJIN, CHINA AND ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA

To explore the possible explanation of the marked difference in the incidence of breast cancer between Chinese and Australian women, the authors have compared and analysed the results of two case-control studies completed recently in Tianjin, China and Adelaide, Australia. Of 10 known risk factors for breast cancer 9 were significantly higher in level in Adelaide women than in Tianjin women, i.e., women in Adelaide were much taller, heavier, more obese, earlier at menarche, later at first full-term pregnancy, more nulliparous, less parity, more in history of breast cancer in first degree relatives, more educated. From the 7 risk factors analysed by use of logistic regression model 5 factors, i.e., earlier age at menarche, later age at first full-term pregnancy, less parity, history of benign disease, and history of breast cancer in first degree relatives, were associated significantly with the increased risk for breast cancer in the Tianjin study, but not in Adelaide study. These factors being not assoc     

DYNAMIC PARAMETER OF MEMBRANE LIPID IN LUNG CANCER CELL LINES, CARCINOGENESIS CELLS AND CANCER CELLS ISOLATED FROM PATIENTS WITH LUNG CANCER

With the aid of the Fluorescent lipophilic probe DPH (1, 6- diphenyl- 1, 3, 5- hexatriene ), the degree of microviscosity (η) and lipid fluidity (LFU) obtained from lung cancer lines and carcinogenesis cells induced by irradiation as well as the patients with lung cancer were quantitatively monitored by Fluorescence polarization. The results have shown a marked decreased in η and a significant increase in LFU in various tumor cells as compared to normal cells. Sometime, the degree of fluidity in carcinogenesis cells Induced by radiation and the patients with lung cancer have shown to be similar pattern. The possibility that these dynamic parameter may serve as a diagnostic tool for an early detection of lung cancer is discussed.     

ASSOCIATION OF EXPRESSION OF P53 PROTEIN WITH CELL PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY AND PROGNOSIS IN COLORECTAL CANCER

p53gene,oneofwellknowntumorsuppressergenes,hasthecell-cyclenegatlveregulatlngfunctlonandregulatescellprollferatlon.'-'Themutatlonsandexpresslonofp53genelncolorectalcancerhavebeenstudledcomprehenslvely,butfewreportsdlscussedtherelatlonshlpofltsexpresslontocellprollferatlveactlvlty,lymphnodemetastaslsaswellasprognoslsofthedlsease.Weherebylnvestlgatedexpresslonofp53protelnandprollferatlngcellnuclearantlgen(PCNA)lncolorectalcancerwlthAB-PAPlmmuno-hlstochemlcaltechnlquetoflndoutthecorrelatlonbet…     

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON 543 CASES WITH MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES AGAINST HUMAN LUNG CANCER

Three hybridized cell line. F- 19. N-35 and SIA-2 which secrete monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against human lung cancer have been established by using the cell fusion technique. The three cell lines have been cultured in vitro for 14 to 16 months and can produce Monoclonal Antibodies steadily. With the three monoclonal antibodies, the immunohistochemistry technique has been applied to detect different histocytes from human lung cancer, various normal or abnormal tissues and organs. The potency that the monoclonal antibodies will be applied in clinic has also been studied.     

EXPRESSION OF mdr-1 GENE IN CANCER TISSUE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH MORPHOLOGICAL INDEXES OF ESOPHAGEAL CARCINOMA IN ANYANG

Multipledrugresistance(MDR)ofcancercellsisoneofthemostinterestingareasinthecurrentcancerresearches.IthasbeenshownthatmanytumorshaveMDR.OneofthemolecularbaseofMDRistheamplificationofmdr-lgeneandoverexpressionofitsproduct,pl70,whichwerethoughtasthedirectcauseofchemothcrapyfailurebymanyinvestigators.'--'Moreover,othersicbelievethatmdr-1geneexpressionincancertissuewasamalignantbiologicalindicatorforneoplasms.UPtodate,fewresearchreportswerefoundintheliteratureonmdr-lgeneexpressioninesophaguscan…     

THE ASSOCIATION OF HLA WITH BREAST CANCER AND ITS ER STATUS

Results of comparative study of Human Leu-cocytic Antigen (HLA-A), -B typing in 73 breast cancer (BC) patients having different estrogen receptor (ER) status and 50 healthy individuals in the northern part of China are reported. In 58 of the 73 patients, HLA-C, -DR typing were also studied in addition. The results of this study showed that HLA-Bw61 (40) were negatively associated with BC, while -Cw7 and -DRw6 were positively associated with BC. Moreover, -DR was more closely associated with ER( ) status with a RR value of 8.621. In the ER(-) group, there were no specific related antigens. In the light of the differences in pathology, prognosis and effect of endocrine therapy between ER( ) and ER(-) status, the authors are inclined to the view that the two kinds of breast cancer may be a heterogeneous disease.     

吸烟与油毡生产工人肺癌死亡关系的研究

对4320名油毡生产工人和4101名对照组工人进行了吸烟与肺癌死亡关系的回顾前瞻性流行病学调查研究．结果表明，油毡生产男工吸烟组肺癌标化死亡率为40．86／10万，不吸烟组为24．73／10万，均显著高于对照组男工的肺癌死亡率．吸烟的油毡工肺癌的SMR有随着latency增长而超出量增大的趋势．吸烟与油毡生产男工接触沥青烟有相加作用．     

关于肺癌与肺结核联系性的回顾性队列研究

１９８７年～１９８９年期间对上海结防系统自１９７２年起登记的肺结核病例进行了回顾性队列研究，以检验肺癌与肺结核有联系性的假设。对在１９５７年１月１日前出生且常住户口在上海市区的３０３７３名肺结核病例（男１９７０９例，女１０６６４例）进行随访直至１９８６年。男女肺结核病例中肺癌ＳＭＲ分别为１．３８和２．７３．均有统计学显著意义。调整吸烟因素后，调整的肺癌ＳＭＲ男性为１．７２（９５％置信区间：１．１１～２．５３），女性为２．７９（９５％；置信区间：１．７９～４．１４）．肺结核病例中肺癌危险性升高不是吸烟因素影响的结果。异菸肼治疗和Ｘ线胸透也不能解释升高的危险度。     

Cohort study on association of smoking and air pollution with lung cancer among 210,000 persons in shanghai

Survey on smoking habit and other related factors has been carried out among 110,000 persons in urban area and 100,000 persons in suburb and outer suburb area. The degrees of air pollution among three areas are different and the urban area is the one with the heaviest degree and the outer suburb with the lowest. Study on the relationship between smoking, air pollution and lung cancer has been carried out among the residents with the age of 40 years old and over in the three areas. The subjects were followed up for six years in urban area and five years in suburb and outer suburb. The total number of lung cancer death found in this period was 828. Most of these diagnosis were classified as group of high (I or II) degree. For nonsmokers, there were no significant differences of standardized mortality radio (SMR) of lung cancer among three areas. For male smokers, the highest SMR of lung cancer was seen in urban area, the lowest in outer suburb and these differences reached the significant lever. Cigarette smoking was significantly associated with increased risk of lung cancer by comparing the data between smokers and non-smokers in the three areas. Also, it was showed that the combiend effect of smoking with air pollution probably existed. The age-specific mortality rates for lung cancer among non-smokers in Shanghai urban were much higher than those in West Europe and North America, which indicated that risk factors other than smoking may exist.     

香港女性肺癌,空气污染抑或饮食？：饮食,空气污染与肺癌关系的混杂因素

从世界范围来说，住在香港、夏威夷、旧金山和新加坡的华裔妇女肺癌发病率相对较高，然而吸烟率低。过去１５年我们以室内空气污染（ＥＴＳ，烧香，烹调污染）为重点，并以饮食为可能因素来探讨它们与肺癌的关系，但未发现这些空气污染物与肺癌有联系。吸烟者（吸烟量已作了调整）即使有４０年以上烧香史，肺癌危险性仍下降了８３％（趋势检验Ｐ＝０．０１）。不吸烟妇女（年龄、生育史、文化程度已调整）从事烹调即使超过４０年，肺癌危险性仍下降６３％（Ｐ＝０．００１）。可见结果与预期相反，但可用饮食因素来解释。吸烟者中烧香的妇女往往比不烧香的妇女喜欢吃“健康饮食”；不吸烟者参与烹调多年的妇女也更喜欢吃“健康饮食”。健康饮食是指较多吃鲜鱼、蔬菜、水果和较少吃经防腐处理过的食品、辣酱和饮酒，前类食物使香港华人妇女肺癌危险性降低，后者则使之增高，可见饮食因素起着混杂因子的作用，使评价空气污染对肺癌危险性的影响蒙上阴影     

烹调引起的室内空气污染与女性非吸烟者肺癌关系的病例─对照研究

在上海市区进行的一次女性肺癌病例一对照研究共调查５０４名不吸烟的肺癌新病例和按年龄、性别及吸烟状态配对的人群对照６０１例。结果揭示：１．厨房通风差，或与卧室分隔不好，或在卧室内烧饭，肺癌危险性增加；２．烹调时眼睛经常有受抽烟烟雾刺激之感觉和／或室内充满烟雾，肺癌危险性上升；３．烹调中经常使用菜油或经常烹调油炸食品，肺癌危险性亦会增加；４．肺癌危险性随居室通风面积的增加而降低，线性趋势在调整年龄、家庭人均月收入、居室面积后有显著性；５．烹调所用燃料类型与肺癌危险性无显著联系。     

上海市区非吸烟女性肺癌病例对照研究的多因素分析

目的：为了进一步探索、验证上海市区非吸烟女性肺癌的危险因素。方法：1992年2月－1993年12月在上海市区进行女性肺癌的病例对照研究,共调查非吸烟女性肺癌病例498例及人群对照595例。结果：烹调油烟、腌制品摄入、工作环境烟草烟雾和肺癌家族史增加上海市区非吸烟女性肺癌的危险性,而饮茶,尤其是饮绿茶和新鲜瓜果,蔬菜的摄入和非吸烟女性肺癌呈负相关关系。结论：烹调油烟、腌制品、工作环境烟草烟雾和肺癌家族史可能是上海市区非吸烟女性肺癌的主要危险因素,而饮茶、多吃新鲜瓜果蔬菜对非吸烟女性肺有保护作用。     

血清层粘连蛋白水平与肺癌浸润关系研究

本文用固相酶联免疫检测方法(EIASA)对42例肺癌患者血清层粘连蛋白(LN)含量进行测定,探讨其与肺癌病情的关系。结果发现,肺癌患者血清LN水平较正常人显著升高,其水平随肺癌浸润转移程度的增加而升高;小细胞肺癌患者血清LN水平较非小细胞肺癌亦明显增高,化疗可使小细胞肺癌患者血清LN水平显著降低。结果提示,血清LN水平随肺癌浸润转移程度的增加而升高,它可作为反映肺癌患者病情轻重、评估,临床预后及疗效的良好指标。     

肺癌病人外周血单核细胞IL－1水平研究

测定了２５例肺癌病人外周血单位细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）白细胞介素上（ＩＬ－１）水平及ＰＢＭＣ对大肠杆菌脂多糖（ＬＰＳ）、二氧化硅（ＳｉＯ２）的反应性，结果表明，肺癌病人ＩＬ－１水平在刺激前后均显著高于正常人（Ｐ＜０．００１～０．０１），且这种差异不受化疗因素的影响。ＰＢＭ细胞对ＬＰＳ、ＳｉＯ２的反应性比正常人稍低，但统计学分析无显著差异。提示肺癌病人ＩＬ－１增高是机体抗肿瘤免疫反应之一，与病人的细胞因子网络状态有关，对肺癌的诊断有一定的临床价值。     

美国吸烟者与非吸烟者肺癌流行病学概况

人们已清楚知道，吸烟是肺癌的主要危险因素，也知道吸烟和职业暴露以外的因素在某些肺癌特别是腺癌中起作用。本文以医院病例为基础进行大样本的病冽对照研究来分析肺癌与吸烟因素（吸烟量，过滤咀烟，黑白人种的吸烟习惯）及非吸烟因素（ＥＴＳ暴露，原发性肿瘤和治疗，生殖和内分泌因素，躯体指数）的联系。虽然吸烟与所有主要细胞类型的肺癌都有剂量－效应关系，但与腺癌的联系强度较弱，提示吸烟以外的因素对腺癌的重要性。在白人和黑人中，无论男、女，肺癌的ＯＲ值均随香烟焦油摄入量的增加而增加，并随戒烟年限的延长而减少。是否吸含薄荷香烟，对肺癌的危险性影响不大。未见到ＥＴＳ与肺癌的联系，即使丈夫吸烟也未能使不吸烟妻子患肺癌的危险性增加。生殖系统原发性肿瘤和放射治疗，可使不吸烟女性患肺癌的危险性增加４倍。曾观察到身体瘦弱与现在吸烟、以前吸烟和从不吸烟的女性肺癌之间的联系。以上结果在本文中分别加以讨论。总的来说，人群中肺癌患病率的不同，可能由于：（１）香烟烟雾中的致癌物不同；（２）香烟烟雾的作用因素不同，包括受到机体敏感性及对致癌物的代谢的影响；（３）暴露于吸烟以外的其他各种危险因素