坚持到底还是半途而废?--决策2:化疗

写给读者的话:我们听到了一些朋友对我们登在第一期的文章的反馈.谢谢大家的关注.我想特别强调一点,我写这一组文章的意图,是想表达作为患者和家属,我们要理智地面对疾病,了解它,研究它,积极地参与和配合医生的诊断治疗决策和实施.眼下,社会上对于医院和医生的妖魔化倾向严重,医患关系成为一个非常敏感的问题,我们看到许多对于医生的指控是以偏概全不符合事实的.     

由内而外的改变

在以往的生活中我一直是个成功的人,女人该有的我都拥有:一份很棒的职业--在达尔马提亚出版社下属的一家儿童读物出版公司任副总经理;我信奉上帝;拥有爱我的懂得体贴的丈夫、朋友和家人;我曾经周游世界,有无数的记忆和旅游纪念品为证.我一直比较善解人意并且能够出色地处理各种问题.可以说我就是一个成功女士的典型.     

癌症病人的爱国情怀

2006年9月9日,天高云淡,秋风送爽.上午9时,一声发令枪响,"北京第二十届卢沟桥醒狮越野跑比赛"的队伍从抗日战争雕塑园出发了.这是为纪念中国人民抗日战争和世界反法西斯战争胜利61周年组织的一次活动.     

GAS7在人骨肉瘤中的表达及其意义

Objective： To detect the expression of GAS7 in osteosarcoma and discuss its significance. Methods： Immunohistochemistry SABC method was applied to detect GAS7 expression in specimens of 54 osteosarcoma and 15 osteochondroma cases. Results： The positive expression rate of GAS7 was 74.7% （40/54） in the group of osteosarcoma and 0% （0/15） in the group of osteochondroma. There was a significant difference in the comparison of GAS expression in these two groups （P 〈 0.05）. GAS7 was higher expressed in the samples which complicated with relapse or pulmonary metastasis than the control group （P 〈 0.05）. There was no significant association between GAS7 expression and the size of tumor, the gender or the age of the patients （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： The hyper-expression ot GAST may play an important role in the initiation and development of human osteosarcoma.     

人物专栏:张力教授

Education and training experience After gaining his medical degree from Medical school of Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU)and board certification as a physician of medical oncology,prof. Li Zhang continued with his post-graduate training at Cancer Centre of Sun Yat-Sen University(CCSYSU).     

触碰医学的温度 ——北京大学肿瘤医院淋巴肿瘤内科朱军主任门诊纪实

“医学倘若缺乏必要的人文关怀,就会失去应有的人性温度。” 把病人当作一个真实的人,体恤其受疾病袭击时的痛苦,面临生命危险时的悲伤以及对于爱抚和同情的渴望——是医学人文的应有之意。 数月前,笔者有过一次旁听朱军主任出诊的经历,至今,那个充满人情味的场面还刻在脑海里。他解读病情时的睿智幽默,让患者轻松起来;介绍方案时的通俗明晰,让医学不再陌生;关注病患内心冷暖,让淋巴瘤不再可怕……谈话间不时发出的笑声,弥漫在空气里,让诊室气氛温暖而愉悦。     

面向2008面向健康生活让我们齐步走!--记北京癌症患者及社会各界万人健康长走活动

8月29日为29届奥委会接旗日,象征和平、团结、友谊的五环旗帜将从雅典传到北京,来到神州大地,这预示着2008年北京奥运会周期的开始.为了铭记这一历史时刻,在中华人民共和国卫生部、首都精神文明建设委员会办公室、国家中医药管理局、白求恩医科大学北京校友会支持下;由中华慈善总会、中国抗癌协会癌症康复会主办的<九九方元迎奥运癌症患者及社会各界万人健康长走--手拉手迈向2008工程启动仪式>在京隆重举行.     

诈骗艾滋知多少

艾滋病病毒的致病机制很特殊,它一旦进入人体,寄生在T4淋巴细胞内最核心的部位,与细胞核的遗传物质DNA整合为一体,病毒随免疫细胞DNA复制而复制.因此,它成了在全球不可根治的一种"超级瘟疫".在世界各国,对防治艾滋病投入了巨大的人力、财力,众多医学专家们绞尽了脑汁,直至今天尚无有效疫苗可防,更无药物可根治,临床医生束手无策,只能做到一些对症治疗,减轻病人的痛苦,延缓病情,但无法挽救病人的生命,这是科学家公认的结论.     

冬令补膏四款

琼玉膏人参120克,鲜地黄800克,白茯苓(去黑皮)245克,白蜂蜜500克.将人参、茯苓研细末,白蜜用洁净纱布滤去杂质,鲜地黄捣取汁(捣时盛器要用陶器,不要用铜、铁器),然后将参、苓、蜜、地黄汁拌匀放入瓷瓶内,用净纸二三十层封口,放锅内隔水蒸三天三夜,而后用蜡纸数层包紧瓷瓶,放入井口约4小时去火毒,而后取出瓷瓶,再放入锅内蒸24小时即成.每次10～30毫升,每日2次,温开水送服.可补气血,填精髓,适用于中老年人平时保健之用.     

狗可当医生的助手

今年是农历的狗年,有很多说狗的文章见诸报端,比如说狗忠勇、勤劳,助狩猎,帮放牧……狗能帮助追凶擒敌,能搜寻毒品,大家都早已司空见惯,习以为常了,狗的很多非凡的表现都源于它有一个灵敏的鼻子.令我们最感兴趣的是,在<现代癌症综合治疗问题>中,麦克洛科报告,利用狗的嗅觉可早期诊断肺癌和乳腺癌,这一题目的确新颖而有趣,很快在网上和报纸上纷纷转载.我们杂志的对象是癌症康复者更值得高度关注.     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Salivary and serum proteomics in head and neck carcinomas: before and after surgery and radiotherapy

Several body fluids have been evaluated as new sources for cancer biomarker discovery. In this context, salivary and serum proteomics seem promising diagnostic and predictive tools for head and neck diseases. In the present study, we performed a proteomic analysis of saliva and serum from patients presenting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and compared the results before and after therapy. In saliva of cancer patients, we observed an altered protein profile, including over-expression of PLUNC and zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein. Both proteins may contribute to control tumor growth and, therefore, represent targets for new analysis. We also detected serotransferrin and a modified transthyretin form with altered levels in serum from patients. Comparing preoperative and postreatment samples, the results showed that the protein profile after treatment reverted to a pattern closer to those observed for controls. These results add information on the role of secreted proteins in the cancer process and emphasize the potential of saliva and serum analysis for diagnosis and monitoring of HNSCC.     

Proliferation and apoptosis in acute and chronic leukemias and myelodysplastic syndrome

Clonal expansion of leukemic cells is thought to be due to proliferation in excess of apoptosis. To define and compare proliferation and apoptosis between various leukemias and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), we measured proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation as surrogate markers for proliferation and caspase 3 activity and annexin V surface binding as surrogate markers for activation of the apoptotic cascade in patients with MDS, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). We found high proliferation in bone marrow cells from MDS and CMML as measured by PCNA and BrdU incorporation. The lowest level of proliferation was found in CLL. Apoptosis was also highest in MDS and CMML as measured by annexin V and caspase 3 activity. Unexpectedly, we found no significant difference in proliferation in bone marrow CD34+ cells from various leukemias or MDS. Apoptosis was significantly higher in bone marrow CD34+ cells from MDS and CML in chronic phase as compared to CD34+ cells from AML patients. Our results illustrate differences in proliferation and apoptosis between acute and chronic leukemias and MDS. These differences may have diagnostic and therapeutic implications.     

Occupational and environmental radiation and cancer

Epidemiologic evidence on the relation between occupational and environmental radiation and cancer is reviewed. Studies of pioneering radiation workers, underground miners, and radium dial painters revealed excess cancer deaths and contributed to the setting of radiation protection standards and to theories of carcinogenesis. Occupational exposures today are generally much lower than in the past, thus any associated increases in cancer will be difficult to detect. Pooling investigations of these more recently exposed workers, however, has the potential to validate current estimates of risk used in radiation protection. New information on the effects of chronic radiation exposure also may come from studies in the former Soviet Union of Chernobyl clean-up workers and of workers at the Mayak nuclear facilities. Studies of environmental radiation exposures, other than radon, are largely inconclusive, due mainly to the difficulties in detecting the low risks associated with low dose exposures. Thyroid cancer, however, has been linked to environmental radiation from the Chernobyl accident and from nuclear weapons tests. Low-level radiation released during normal operations at nuclear plants has not been found to increase cancer rates in surrounding populations. Radon, a human carcinogen, is the most ubiquitous exposure to human populations; remediating high residential-radon levels is recommended, recognizing that the exposure can never be removed completely because it occurs naturally.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Genetic polymorphisms of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases and risk for esophageal and head and neck cancers

Alcoholic beverages are causally related to cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and esophagus. Ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde and then to acetate by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), both of which have genetic polymorphisms. A review of case-control studies of the effects of ALDH2, ADH2 and ADH3 genotypes shows consistently positive associations between inactive heterozygous ALDH2 and the less-active ADH2 genotypes and the risk for esophageal cancer in East Asian heavy drinkers and this enzyme-related vulnerability may extend to light-to-moderate drinkers. Some studies suggest similar associations with the risk for head and neck cancer in moderate-to-heavy-drinking Japanese. An established carcinogen in experimental animals, acetaldehyde can interact with human DNA. ALDH2-associated cancer susceptibility fits into a scenario in which acetaldehyde plays a critical role in the development of human cancer. Alcohol flushing and drinking behavior may partly explain this carcinogenic effect in carriers of less-active ADH2 genotypes. Whether the ADH3 genotype influences head and neck cancer risk in Western nations is controversial. Professional and public education about risky conditions connected to the ALDH2 and ADH2 genotypes and environmental factors is important in a new strategic approach to the prevention of alcohol-related cancers in East Asians. The use of simple tests to identify inactive ALDH2 on the basis of alcohol flushing responses could benefit many people, by helping them to identify their own cancer risks. Such testing could also help clinicians diagnose esophageal cancer earlier, through the use of endoscopic screening in the high-risk population.