恶性肿瘤休眠的相关因素的研究

恶性肿瘤是可以休眠的,它与以下因素有关:①温度;②年龄;③组织器官;④组织分化程度;⑤供血因素;⑥精神因素;⑦早期肿瘤比晚期肿瘤休眠率高;⑧良性肿瘤比恶性肿瘤休眠率高;⑨基因;⑩人体的免疫系统."癌症休眠理论"的提出导致饿死肿瘤疗法的产生.癌症永久休眠不再复苏可能是攻克癌症的好方法.     

健康的身体需要合理的晚餐

饮食是我们生活中非常重要的一个环节,一日三餐,为我们人体提供每日必不可少的营养物质,从而维持人体的各种生理功能。一直以来,在中国人的饮食习惯当中,晚餐便是一日三餐中最重要的,而且随着社会节奏的加快,人们在忙碌的生活中,使得早餐显得有些匆忙,而午餐又因工作、环境、家庭等原因,比较容易被忽视,所以晚餐自然就更被人们当做重中之重了。     

肺癌的抗体治疗的研究进展

肺癌的传统疗法效果不够理想，用抗体治疗肺癌是一较为有效的方法。目前主要有5类抗体用于治疗肺癌：（1）西妥昔单抗(Cetuximab)、ABXEGF(Panitumumab)、Matuzumab（EMD72000）和曲妥珠单抗(Herceptin)等，这类抗体通过结合肿瘤细胞表面分子抑制细胞生长，具有较好的疗效，     

上帝造的与人造的

我现在越来越喜欢使用类比这种思考方式，也越来越喜欢采用比喻的说法。我频繁使用上帝这个词，并不意味着我相信一个有人格的上帝，一个可以与人沟通的神。我只是采用了“上帝”这个比喻性的、拟人的说法。当然我也可以辩称，我所说的上帝是爱因斯坦或者斯宾诺莎的上帝，就是自然（规律）本身。     

肝癌的病理生理学研究的新发现

根据这些发现，研究人员得出结论：“延长干扰素治疗能预防肝细胞癌，甲胎蛋白增高和／或严重肝硬化的病人，能耐受干扰素有关副作用者，建议延长使用。”     

直肠癌的辅助放化疗的临床研究

直肠癌是常见的消化道恶性肿瘤，手术是直肠癌的主要治疗手段，放化疗对可手术直肠癌是重要的辅助治疗手段。无论术前或术后放疗均可提高局部控制，术前放疗可增加保肛的机率，放疗的方式以常规分割较佳。术后放疗在中度复发危险的患者中对生存的影响与化疗相似，但需要两者对局控的资料。本文综述的是术前放疗、术后放疔以及术前与术后放疗的比较。     

Cyclin E的表达和乳腺癌的预后的meta分析

背景与目的：多个临床试验分析了cyclin E与乳腺癌预后的关系，但结果并不一致。本研究对已发表的相关临床试验结果进行再分析，从而探讨肿瘤组织的细胞周期素E（cyclin E）的表达水平是否是乳腺癌的预后因素。方法：检索PubMed以及CBMDisc数据库中研究cyclinE表达与乳腺癌预后关系的文献，使用meta分析的方法分析cyclinE是否为乳腺癌的预后因素。结果：共有13篇符合要求的文献，包括患者的总数为2644人。各个研究之间在病例选择、随访时间、辅助治疗、检测方法以及表达水平的判定标准等方面存在明显的差异。合并的单因素及多因素分析结果显示，高cyclinE水平患者的无复发生存率（RFS）的危险比（HR）分别为2．26（95％CI：1．41—3．61）和1．72（95％CI：0．95—3．10）；高cyclinE水平患者的总生存率（OS）／乳腺癌相关生存率（BCSS）的HR分别为2．74（95％CI：2．22-3．39）和2．86（95％CI：1．85-4．41）。在淋巴结阴性的患者中，合并的高cyclinE水平患者OS的HR为3．40（95％CI：2．20-5．26）。结论：cyclin E可能是乳腺癌OS独立的预后因素，但该结论尚需进一步的大规模临床试验加以验证。     

温暖的陪伴 隽永的告别

1950年阿姨出生在安徽省一个山明水秀的小山村,她家有4个孩子,她排行老三,上有大她20岁的哥哥和大她18岁的姐姐,下有小她3岁的弟弟,父母的疼爱和哥哥姐姐的呵护使阿姨的童年无忧而快乐。     

宫颈癌相关的上尿路梗阻的处理

目的:探讨宫颈癌相关的上尿路梗阻的处理.方法:选取2002年5月～2003年9月就诊的35例因宫颈癌导致的输尿管梗阻患者,17例为初诊病例,18例为复诊病例,其中13例肿瘤复发,5例无肿瘤复发依据.35例中27例双侧肾盂积水,8例单侧积水.18例复诊和5例初诊患者在膀胱镜下试行放置双J管,分别有6例和4例成功置入,另12例复诊患者中3例接受双侧输尿管皮肤造口术,4例接受单侧经皮肾盂穿刺造瘘术,余5例未处理积水:另13例初诊患者术中放置双J管.结果:5例未处理积水的患者均于2个月内死亡.23例留置双J管的患者,积水均在置管后不同程度地改善,其中4例分别于4、5、7、9个月后死于肿瘤广泛转移;10例成功换管,2例无法逆行换管,余7例术后未满6个月,尚未更换双J管.所有行膀胱镜操作的23例患者中,3例发生尿路感染.7例外引流患者随访已达l～9个月,积水均有改善.4例肾盂穿刺的患者均在术后发生引流管堵塞,1例发生引流管脱落,无操作相关性死亡.结论:对于因宫颈癌导致的上尿路梗阻患者,首选膀胱镜下逆行置管,恶性狭窄须双侧置管,若失败,再根据不同原因和不同病情,制定合适的治疗方案.     

一种实用的基于GPU的Katsevich算法的实现

Katseivch算法是精确地解决锥束螺旋CT“长物体”问题的滤波反投影（FBP）形式的CT重建算法,不过它依然是非常耗时的,实际应用中必须考虑如何加速的问题。本文给出了一个使用通用显卡（GPU）对该算法进行并行加速的方法。同已有的方法相比较,几乎所有的计算都在GPU上完成,并且重建时所使用的积分范围是由PI线决定的,并且给出了算法所需要的精确地显存大小,10次数也被最大可能地降低。本文使用了标准数值模型对方法的速度、准确性和稳定性进行了验证。     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

Salivary and serum proteomics in head and neck carcinomas: before and after surgery and radiotherapy

Several body fluids have been evaluated as new sources for cancer biomarker discovery. In this context, salivary and serum proteomics seem promising diagnostic and predictive tools for head and neck diseases. In the present study, we performed a proteomic analysis of saliva and serum from patients presenting head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and compared the results before and after therapy. In saliva of cancer patients, we observed an altered protein profile, including over-expression of PLUNC and zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein. Both proteins may contribute to control tumor growth and, therefore, represent targets for new analysis. We also detected serotransferrin and a modified transthyretin form with altered levels in serum from patients. Comparing preoperative and postreatment samples, the results showed that the protein profile after treatment reverted to a pattern closer to those observed for controls. These results add information on the role of secreted proteins in the cancer process and emphasize the potential of saliva and serum analysis for diagnosis and monitoring of HNSCC.     

Proliferation and apoptosis in acute and chronic leukemias and myelodysplastic syndrome

Clonal expansion of leukemic cells is thought to be due to proliferation in excess of apoptosis. To define and compare proliferation and apoptosis between various leukemias and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), we measured proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation as surrogate markers for proliferation and caspase 3 activity and annexin V surface binding as surrogate markers for activation of the apoptotic cascade in patients with MDS, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). We found high proliferation in bone marrow cells from MDS and CMML as measured by PCNA and BrdU incorporation. The lowest level of proliferation was found in CLL. Apoptosis was also highest in MDS and CMML as measured by annexin V and caspase 3 activity. Unexpectedly, we found no significant difference in proliferation in bone marrow CD34+ cells from various leukemias or MDS. Apoptosis was significantly higher in bone marrow CD34+ cells from MDS and CML in chronic phase as compared to CD34+ cells from AML patients. Our results illustrate differences in proliferation and apoptosis between acute and chronic leukemias and MDS. These differences may have diagnostic and therapeutic implications.     

Morphine and tumor growth and metastasis

Morphine is an analgesic widely used to alleviate cancer pain. In addition, the perioperative management of pain in cancer surgery patients most often includes opioids. However, there are reports that these drugs may alter cancer recurrence or metastasis. Several mechanisms have been proposed, such as the modulation of the immune response or cellular pathways that control the survival and migratory behavior of cancer cells. The published literature, however, presents some discrepancies, with reports suggesting that opioids may either promote or prevent the spread of cancer. It is of great importance to determine whether opioids, in particular the most widely used, morphine, may increase the risk of metastasis when used in cancer surgery. This review examines the available data on the effects of morphine which influence cancer metastasis or recurrence, including immunomodulation, tumor cell aggressiveness, and angiogenesis, with special emphasis on recently published clinical and laboratory based studies. We further discuss the parameters that may explain the difference between reports on the effects of morphine on cancer.