腹腔镜和开腹手术治疗早期卵巢癌的临床分析

目的:研究行腹腔镜和开腹手术的早期卵巢癌患者临床手术相关参数的差异.方法:对我院2012年至2014年行腹腔镜和开腹手术的早期卵巢癌患者进行回顾性分析,比较手术患者的年龄、体重、体重指数、手术时间、出血量、术中输血量及切除淋巴结数量等手术相关参数,以及术后排气时间、下床时间、术后并发症等术后相关参数.结果:经筛选后共65个病例纳入研究,根据手术方式不同将患者分为腹腔镜组和开腹手术组,腹腔镜组26例,开腹手术组39例.两组患者的一般情况无显著差异.腹腔镜组患者的肿瘤直径、术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后下床时间以及住院时间显著小于开腹手术组(P<0.05).两组患者的手术时间、术中淋巴结切除数量、肿瘤的分期和病理分型等均无显著差异(P>0.05).结论:腹腔镜手术可以减少早期卵巢癌患者的术中出血量,促进患者术后恢复.     

直肠癌腹腔镜超低位前切除术后的肛门动力学与肛门功能的相关性研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜下直肠癌超低位前切除术后的肛门动力学变化以及肛门功能恢复情况的相关性.方法 选取确诊为直肠癌患者124例,随机分为腹腔镜超低位前手术切除组和开腹手术组.并于术后1个月、3个月、6个月随诊并评定患者的肛门动力学以及肛门功能的情况.结果 腹腔镜组和开腹组相比,腹腔镜组的住院时间(11.3±3.7)d、术中出血量(116.3±66.5)mL、手术时间(170.5±57.7)min以及术后肠道功能恢复时间(2.5±1.0)d上明显优于开腹组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);但是两组在术中淋巴结清扫上无明显差异,不具统计学意义(P>0.05).腹腔镜组术后3个月和6个月的肛门最大收缩压、最大静息压、静息向量容积以及收缩向量容积明显优于开腹手术组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).腹腔镜组和开腹手术组在术后1个月和6个月肛门功能方面比较发现,腹腔镜手术组的排便感觉、肛门控制力、排便时间以及便意感方面优于开腹手术组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组在术后6个月的排便次数方面比较,无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 直肠癌患者腹腔镜下超低位前切除术后的肛门动力学及肛门功能的恢复情况,明显优于传统开腹手术组,效果好,值得医院推广使用.     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗早期子宫内膜癌的手术疗效及患者术后生活质量对比

目的 探讨腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗早期子宫内膜癌的手术疗效及患者术后生活质量.方法 根据患者意愿将60例早期子宫内膜癌患者分为腹腔镜手术组(n=35)和开腹手术组25例,分析2组患者围手术期指标、手术并发症、术后功能恢复情况.结果 腹腔镜组患者相较于开腹组患者术中出血量少、术后肛门排气时间短、镇痛药使用比例低、术后住院时间短以及盆腹腔引流量少,2组相比具统计学意义(P<0.05).腹腔镜手术组患者术中并发症发生率为2.9%,术后并发症发生率为11.4%;开腹组患者术中并发症发生率为12.0%,术后并发症发生率为36.0%.2组患者手术相应并发症发生率差异具统计学意义(P<0.05).腹腔镜组患者术后性功能评分降低较小,与术前相比较差异不具统计学意义(P>0.05);开腹组患者术后性功能评分降低显著,与术前相比较差异具统计学意义(P<0.05);术后性功能评分降低程度组间比较差异具统计学意义(P<0.05).腹腔镜组患者术中生活质量改善总有效率为88.6%,相较于开腹组总有效率为80.0%,差异具统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 腹腔镜应用于早期子宫内膜癌可显著降低术中出血量,术后患者恢复快,性功能及生活质量改善显著,临床疗效值得肯定.     

腹腔镜辅助直肠癌根治术肿瘤学和手术安全性及近期临床疗效

目的 对比分析腹腔镜辅助直肠癌根治术与传统开腹根治术的肿瘤安全性、围手术期并发症以及近期临床疗效.方法 回顾分析2008年1月至2010年12月在我院施行的44例腹腔镜辅助和32例传统开腹直肠癌根治术患者的I临床资料,比较两组患者手术情况、围手术期并发症以及近期临床疗效.结果 腹腔镜手术组8例中转开腹,中转率为18.2%.腹腔镜组在术中出血量、腹部切口长度、术后肛门排气时间、术后平均住院日方面有优势,与开腹手术组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0,01).淋巴结清扫数目腹腔镜手术组与开腹手术组分别为(14.45±2.07)、(14.00±2.22)枚;肠管安全切缘腹腔镜手术组与开腹手术组分别为(4.16±1.20)cm、(3.69±1.18)cm,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后并发症腹腔镜手术组9例,开腹手术组8例,无显著性差异.随访6~36个月,开腹手术组1例死于局部复发并肝转移,余所有患者无切口种植、局部复发和远处转移.结论 腹腔镜辅助直肠癌根治术安全、有效,具有微创优势,临床短期效果肯定.     

优质护理对直肠癌Miles手术患者的意义

目的探讨优质护理对于直肠癌Miles手术患者的意义。方法选择直肠癌并行Miles手术的患者80例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组患者给予常规护理方法,观察组患者给予优质护理服务。观察两组患者的术后恢复情况,于出院后3个月、6个月应用自我护理能力实施量表(ESCA)评价患者自我护理能力,应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)评定患者生活质量。结果观察组患者术后胃肠功能恢复时间、术后下床时间、进食流质食物时间及住院时间显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者出院后6个月的ESCA各项评分及总分均较出院后3个月显著提高,观察组患者出院3个月、6个月的ESCA各项评分及总分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者出院后6个月的SCL-90评分均较出院后3个月显著降低,观察组患者出院3个月、6个月的SCL-90评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论优质护理可以提高直肠癌Miles手术患者自我护理能力,对于改善患者生活质量有重要意义。     

腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌D2根治术的临床价值

目的对比分析腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌D2根治术与传统开腹术的手术时间、手术创伤程度,探讨腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌D2根治术的应用价值。方法选取2009年3月至2013年9月间收治的172例癌患者,其中行传统开腹手术80例,行腹腔镜手术92例。回顾性对比分析两种手术方式的手术时间、术中出血量、手术切口长度、淋巴结清扫枚数、术后患者疼痛情况、围手术期并发症情况及术后恢复情况等指标。结果两组患者在不同手术方式下均顺利完成手术。腹腔镜手术组患者手术时间、术中出血量及切口长度明显优于传统开腹手术(P<0.05),但术中淋巴结清扫枚数两组无明显差异(P>0.05)。术后采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)评估两组患者术后疼痛情况,腹腔镜手术组明显优于开腹手术组(P<0.05)。腹腔镜手术组首次肛门排气时间、首次排便时间、首次下床活动时间、术后住院时间明显少于开腹手术组(P<0.05)。两种手术方式,术后吻合口瘘、吻合口出血、十二指肠残端瘘、切口愈合等围手术期并发症无明显差异,但肺部感染腹腔镜手术组明显好于开腹手术组(P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜辅助远端胃癌D2根治术与传统开腹远端胃癌D2根治术比较,具有对患者创伤小,术后疼痛耐受好,恢复快,围手术期并发症少等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术的临床疗效和对患者外周血免疫功能水平的影响

目的 探讨腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术治疗胃癌的临床疗效以及其对患者外周血细胞因子的影响.方法 对86例进展期胃癌患者临床相关资料进行回顾性分析,根据其治疗方法分为对照组(开腹胃癌根治术,共48例)和腹腔镜组(腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术,共38例).对2组患者围手术期相关指标和术前1d、术后1d和术后7d外周血细胞免疫功能数据进行整理和分析.结果 腹腔镜组术中出血量显著少于开腹组(P<0.05),手术时间显著长于开腹组(P<0.05),术后肛门排气时间、下床活动时间以及术后住院时间均显著短于开腹组(P<0.05).与手术前比较,2组患者术后第1天和第7天外周血CD3、CD4+以及CD8+均显著下降(P<0.05);而CD4+/CD8+术后第1天与术前比较显著下降,术后第7天与术前比较无统计学差异(P>0.05).术后第7天腹腔镜组各外周血免疫功能指标均高于开腹组(P<0.05).2组患者术后第1天免疫球蛋白水平均显著下降(P<0.05),CRP显著上升(P<0.05);在术后第7天,腹腔镜组CRP与术前比较显著上升(P<0.05),且显著低于开腹组(P<0.05).开腹组患者IgA、IgG、IgM等免疫球蛋白水平与术前比较显著下降(P<0.05),且显著低于腹腔镜组(P<0.05).结论 腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术能显著提高患者的近期临床治疗效果,提高围手术期患者的外周血免疫功能水平.     

宫颈癌根治术腹腔镜与开腹手术的临床对照研究

目的 对比宫颈癌根治术腹腔镜与开腹手术的疗效及安全性.方法 选取60例宫颈癌患者,随机分为2组.对照组(30例)采用开腹手术进行治疗,观察组(30例)采用腹腔镜下宫颈癌根治术.观察并记录2组围手术期指标,切除范围,术后24 h、1个月、3个月的VAS评分及随访3个月期间并发症发生情况,评价2种手术方法的疗效及安全性.结果 观察组患者手术时间长于对照组患者,但术中出血量少于对照组(P<0.05),排气时间也短于对照组(P<0.05);2组淋巴结清扫数目、术后留置尿管时间相比,无统计学差异(P>0.05);2组切除范围相比,无统计学差异(P>0.05).术后24 h内,2组VAS评分相比,无统计学差异(P>0.05);术后1个月、3个月,观察组VAS评分低于对照组(P<0.05).随访3个月期间,观察组总并发症发生率26.7%,显著低于对照组的53.3%(P<0.05).结论 腹腔镜下宫颈癌根治术对宫颈癌具有较好的治疗效果,手术创伤小,对内脏器官干扰小,术后疼痛感轻,并发症少,值得临床推广.     

腹腔镜与开腹手术治疗子宫内膜癌的临床对照研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜手术与开腹手术治疗子宫内膜癌的疗效.方法 选取65例子宫内膜癌患者,入院后随机分为两组,开腹组(33例)采用开腹手术治疗,腹腔镜组(32例)采用腹腔镜手术治疗,根据手术指标、术前术后血清Hs-CRP水平及随访1个月期间并发症发生情况,评价腹腔镜手术与开腹手术治疗子宫内膜癌的疗效.结果 腹腔镜组患者术后留置引流管时间、术后住院时间、抗生素使用时间均短于开腹组患者(P<0.05),腹腔镜组术中出血量也要少于开腹组患者(P<0.05),但两种手术方法 清扫淋巴结数目相比,无统计学差异(P>0.05),腹腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组(P<0.05);术前两组Hs-CRP水平相比,无统计学差异(P>0.05),术后24h,两组血清Hs-CRP水平明显下降(P<0.05),但两组血清Hs-CRP水平相比,无统计学差异(P>0.05),腹腔镜并发症的总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05).结论 腹腔镜手术对子宫内膜癌手术创伤小,患者恢复快,与开腹手术具有相当淋巴结清扫能力,手术完成后能显著降低患者体内Hs-CRP水平,预后良好,是治疗早期子宫内膜癌的理想手术方式.     

腹腔镜胃癌根治术与传统开腹手术在早期胃癌治疗中的应用效果比较

目的探讨腹腔镜胃癌根治术与传统开腹手术在早期胃癌治疗中的应用效果。方法依据手术方式将279例早期胃癌患者分为腹腔镜组(n=142)和开腹组(n=137),腹腔镜组患者接受腹腔镜胃癌根治术治疗,开腹组患者接受开腹胃癌根治术治疗。比较两组患者的围手术期相关指标、血清学指标[血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)]、生活质量和术后并发症发生情况。结果腹腔镜组患者手术时间明显长于开腹组患者,切口长度、首次进食时间、首次通气时间、首次排便时间、首次下床活动时间、住院时间均明显短于开腹组患者,术中出血量明显低于开腹组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.01)。术后1天,两组患者血清CEA、CA19-9、CRP水平均低于本组术前,血清IL-6水平均高于本组术前,且腹腔镜组患者血清CRP、IL-6水平均低于开腹组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。术后6、12个月,两组患者欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生命质量测定量表(EORTC QLQ-C30)量表评分均高于本组术前,且腹腔镜组患者EORTC QLQC30量表评分均高于开腹组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。腹腔镜组患者术后并发症总发生率为5.63%,低于开腹组患者的13.87%,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论腹腔镜胃癌根治术与传统开腹胃癌根治术治疗早期胃癌的疗效相当,但腹腔镜手术更具微创性,有利于促进胃癌患者的术后恢复,降低术后炎性应激反应和并发症发生率,可提高患者的生活质量。     

Comparison of laparoscopy and laparotomy for the management of early-stage ovarian cancer: surgical and oncological outcomes

Objective

To investigate the surgical and oncological outcomes of laparoscopic surgery compared with laparotomy for the treatment of early-stage ovarian cancer.

Methods

Data from patients who underwent surgical management for early-stage ovarian cancer between 2006 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients presented with stage I or II disease, and underwent comprehensive staging surgery consisting of a total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, omentectomy, and peritoneal cytology.

Results

Seventy-seven patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery (24 patients) or laparotomy (53 patients) were identified. Surgery for none of the patients was converted from laparoscopy to laparotomy. The mean operation time was shorter and the estimated blood loss was lower in the laparoscopy group than in the laparotomy group, though the differences were not statistically significant (193 min vs. 224 min, p=0.127; 698 mL vs. 973 mL, p=0.127). There were no differences in the intraoperative or postoperative complications. During a mean follow-up period of 31 months, tumor recurrence occurred in 4 patients: 2 (8.3%) in the laparoscopy group and 2 (3.8%) in the laparotomy group. The mean disease-free survival was 59 months after laparoscopy and 66 months after laparotomy (p=0.367).

Conclusion

Laparoscopic surgery seems to be adequate and feasible for the treatment of early-stage ovarian cancer with comparable results to laparotomy in terms of the surgical outcomes and oncological safety.     

1269例早期宫颈癌患者手术途径及卫生经济学初步分析

目的：分析腹腔镜宫颈癌根治术和开腹宫颈癌根治术的卫生经济学指标。方法对1269例早期宫颈癌患者进行分析。根据手术方式分为腹腔镜组和开腹手术组。分析两组患者的年龄、体质量指数、临床分期、住院天数及费用等。结果腹腔镜手术方式在治疗早期宫颈癌所占比例逐年增多。两组的总住院费用差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）,腹腔镜组较开腹手术组总住院天数及术后住院天数明显减少（P﹤0.01）,护理费、药费和组麻醉也均明显减少（P﹤0.01）。结论腹腔镜手术在治疗早期宫颈癌方面较开腹手术有更好的卫生经济效益,值得推广。     

不同手术方式对胃癌根治术患者机体免疫功能的影响

目的：比较腹腔镜和开腹胃癌根治术对机体免疫功能的影响。方法回顾性分析90例胃癌根治术患者,按照手术方式分为腹腔镜组（n=45）和开腹组（n=45）,比较两组患者术前及术后第3、10天外周血IgG、IgM、IgA、CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、NK细胞活性。结果腹腔镜组术中出血量少于开腹组,且下床活动时间早（P﹤0.05）;两组手术时间、肛门排气时间和术后并发症总发生率的差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）;术后第3天,两组患者IgG、IgM、IgA、CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+和NK细胞活性较术前均降低（P﹤0.05）,组间差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）;术后第10天,开腹组上述指标仍低于术前（P﹤0.05）,腹腔镜组接近术前水平（P﹥0.05）,腹腔镜组IgM、CD3+和CD4+高于开腹组（P﹤0.05）,IgA、IgG、CD4+/CD8+和NK细胞活性组间差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）。结论腹腔镜和开腹胃癌根治术后患者的免疫功能均降低;与开腹手术相比,腹腔镜术后机体免疫功能恢复较快。     

Comparative evaluation of surgical stress of laparoscopically assisted vaginal radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy and laparotomy for early-stage cervical cancer

The aim of this study was to objectively evaluate the benefits of laparoscopically assisted vaginal radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy for early-stage cervical cancer. Clinical data were prospectively collected from patients with IA-IIB cervical cancer who underwent laparoscopically assisted vaginal radical hysterectomy (n1=33) and laparotomy (n2=30). Peripheral blood samples were obtained prior to surgery and at 1 and 2 h into the operation, as well as on days 1, 4 and 7 following surgery to measure serum interleukin-6, C-reaction protein and cortisol. Results showed that there was no conversion to laparotomy in the laparoscopy group. The average blood loss was 317.23±217.20 ml (laparoscopy group) and 872.58±693.16 ml (laparotomy group). No significant difference was found in the number of resected pelvic lymph nodes (19.74±7.43 in the laparoscopy group and 20.35±6.62 in the laparotomy group). At days 1 and 7 after surgery, the serum IL-6 level was significantly different in the laparoscopy and laparotomy groups (day 1: laparoscopy group 17.14±16.53 pg/ml and laparotomy group 34.32±20.97 pg/ml, p=0.001; day 7: laparoscopy group 6.7±7.21 pg/ml and laparotomy group 17.54±16.47 pg/ml, p=0.001). The serum CRP level was significantly different at days 1 and 7 after the operation (day 1: laparoscopy group 7024.72±949.12 ng/ml and laparotomy group 7586.61±869.42 ng/ml, p=0.018; day 7: laparoscopy group 4357.71±2108.85 ng/ml and laparotomy group 6967.96±995.02 ng/ml, p<0.001). A significant difference was noted in the serum cortisol level at day 4 after the operation (122.29±65.17 ng/ml in the laparoscopy group and 186.76±68.61 ng/ml in the laparotomy group, p<0.001). In conclusion, the differences in clinical data and the various parameters pertinent to surgical stress evaluated in this study suggest that laparoscopic surgery for cervical cancer causes less postoperative stress than conventional open surgery.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术对结直肠癌患者临床疗效及胃肠功能的影响

目的：分析腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术对结直肠癌的治疗效果及对患者胃肠功能的影响,为临床提供参考。方法选取收治的86例结直肠癌患者为研究对象,依照手术方法的不同将其分为腹腔镜组和开腹组,每组各43例,开腹组行开腹结直肠癌根治术,腹腔镜组行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术,分析两组患者的治疗效果和胃肠功能恢复情况。结果腹腔镜组术中出血量和住院时间均少于开腹组,差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）;经过治疗,两组患者胃动素、胃泌素水平均有所降低,其中腹腔镜组胃动素和胃泌素水平均高于开腹组（P﹤0.05）;腹腔镜组胃肠功能恢复时间短于开腹组（P﹤0.05）;腹腔镜组患者肺部感染、恶心呕吐发生率低于开腹组（P﹤0.05）。结论与常规开腹手术相比,腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术能够减少患者出血量,促进患者胃肠功能的恢复,降低并发症的发生率,值得临床推广。     

Comparison of Perioperative and Oncologic Outcomes with Laparotomy,and Laparoscopic or Robotic Surgery for Women with Endometrial Cancer

Purpose: To compare perioperative outcomes and oncologic outcomes in endometrial cancer patients treatedwith laparotomy, and laparoscopic or robotic surgery. Materials and Methods: Endometrial cancer patients whounderwent primary surgery from January 2011 to December 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Perioperativeoutcomes, including estimated blood loss (EBL), operation time, number of lymph nodes retrieved, and intraand postoperative complications, were reviewed. Recovery time, disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival(OS) were compared. Results: Of the total of 218 patients, 143 underwent laparotomy, 47 laparoscopy, and 28robotic surgery. The laparotomy group had the highest EBL (300, 200, 200 ml, p<0.05) while the robotic grouphad the longest operative time (302 min) as compared with laparoscopy (180 min) and laparotomy (125 min)(p<0.05). Intra and postoperative complications were not different with any of the surgical approaches. Nosignificant difference in number of lymph nodes retrieved was identified. The longest hospital stay was reportedin the laparotomy group (four days) but there was no difference between the laparoscopy (three days) and robotic(three days) groups. Recovery was significantly faster in robotic group than laparotomy group (14 and 28 days, p=0.003). No significant difference in DFS and OS at 21 months of median follow up time was observed among thethree groups. Conclusions: Minimally invasive surgery has more favorable outcomes, including lower blood loss,shorter hospital stay, and faster recovery time than laparotomy. It also has equivalent perioperative complicationsand short term oncologic outcomes. MIS is feasible as an alternative option to surgery of endometrial cancer     

机器人与腹腔镜手术治疗早期卵巢癌的临床比较

背景与目的：随着微创技术的迅速发展,机器人在妇科手术中应用愈加广泛。该研究比较了机器人手术及腹腔镜手术治疗早期卵巢癌患者的临床治疗效果。方法：回顾性分析了吉林省肿瘤医院2015年1月—2016年12月完成的Ⅰ期卵巢癌手术患者22例,其中机器人手术8例(机器人组),腹腔镜手术14例(腹腔镜组)。结果：两组患者均按手术计划顺利完成手术,机器人组的手术时间长于腹腔镜组［(194.50±10.90) min vs(178.71±10.58) min］,术中出血量少于腹腔镜组［(60.10±8.88) mL vs (73.71±12.99) mL］,术后24 h腹腔引流量少于腹腔镜组［(96.88±10.21) mL vs (108.00±11.43) mL］,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组的盆腔淋巴结清扫数、术后首次肛门排气时间、术后住院时间及术后发热等并发症比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论：机器人手术与腹腔镜手术治疗早期卵巢癌无明显临床差异,安全、有效;机器人手术在早期卵巢癌患者的治疗中值得推广和应用。     

Impact of surgical access on staging of early borderline and invasive tumors of the ovary

The objectives were to evaluate the impact of the surgical approach on the staging of borderline tumors and early-stage malignancies of the ovary. We retrospectively reviewed cases of borderline and invasive ovarian tumors stages Ia through Ic treated surgically between January 1, 1985 and December 31, 2001. We compared the rates of potentially harmful procedures according to the surgical approach. The quality of surgical staging was assessed by examining each required procedure and by determining a score. The influence of variables related to patient characteristics, preoperative workup, and initial surgery on staging quality was tested by univariate analysis. Variables independently associated with staging quality were entered in a logistic regression model. SPPS 7.5 and STATA 8 software was used for statistical tests. Of 118 patients with borderline tumors, 48 (41 %) underwent laparoscopic surgery, 54 (45 %) laparotomy, and 16 (14 %) laparoscopy converted to laparotomy. Surgery was conservative in 57 % of cases overall ; this proportion was significantly greater with laparoscopy than with laparotomy (p < 0.05) and in younger women (p < 0.001). Intraoperative tumor rupture occurred in 9 % of patients, with no significant difference across surgical approaches (p = 0.1). Bag extraction was used in 19 (40 %) of 48 laparoscopically treated patients. Staging was incomplete in 73 % of patients. By univariate analysis, bilateral adnexectomy and, to a lesser extent, age > 44 years, laparotomy, hysterectomy, and treatment after 1995 predicted at least partial staging. Factors independently associated with at least partial staging in the multivariate model were treatment after 1995, bilateral adnexectomy, and hysterectomy. Of 178 patients with invasive tumors, 34 underwent laparoscopic surgery, 114 laparotomy, and 30 conversion from laparoscopy to laparotomy. The laparotomy group was characterized by significantly older patient age and larger tumors, compared to the laparoscopy group. Staging was often inadequate after initial surgery, most notably with low rates of paraaortic lymphadenectomy (0 % in the laparoscopy group, 18 % in the laparotomy group, and 33 % in the conversion group). Staging is often less complete with laparoscopy than with laparotomy. In patients with invasive cancer, inadequate initial staging is common, most notably when laparoscopy is used. The surgeons training seems of major importance.