食管癌早诊早治普查顺应性的影响因素分析

[目的]探讨影响食管癌早诊早治普查顺应性的因素。[方法]分析2005~2010年磁县食管癌早诊早治胃镜普查中影响顺应性的因素。[结果]2005~2010年磁县食管癌早诊早治胃镜普查顺应性明显提高。抓住普查时机、消除社会恐惧心理、行政干预、强化舒适内镜概念为提高普查顺应性要素。[结论]进一步做好宣传发动工作,抓住普查时机,强化舒适内镜概念是提高顺应性的关键。     

磁县食管癌早诊早治及癌症普查中心建设

回顾磁县食管癌早诊早治历程,近40年的肿瘤防治工作,基层基础防治能力建设有了长足发展,仍需不断总结经验吸取教训。为了更好地做好食管癌二级预防和早诊早治工作,建立"癌症普查中心",落实并实施"三早",建立可持续发展的思路。     

河北省磁县食管癌早诊早治普查流程探讨

[目的]探索一条科学的筛查工作方法及可持续发展食管癌防治新模式，降低食管癌发病率和死亡率。[方法]制定“磁县食管癌早诊早治普查工作流程”，应用电子内窥镜检查：食管和胃采用食管黏膜加碘染色指示性多点活检。以2007年磁县已普查2个村1214例居民为对象。[结果]普查覆盖人数7149人，40～69岁实际人数1971人，实际普查1214例．顺应性61．59％。阳性检出率：轻度不典型增生16．9％、中度不典型增生6．0％、重度不典型增生及原位癌2．5％、黏膜内癌0.3％、浸润癌0.3％；重度不典型增生及原位癌行内镜黏膜切除治疗率达86．7％，浸润癌进行手术和其它治疗，治疗率100％。[结论]“磁县食管癌早诊早治普查工作流程”可有效提高普查顺应性、早治率，降低食管癌发病率和死亡率。     

河北省磁县食管癌早诊早治实践与思考

磁县肿瘤防治工作始于七十年代初期,相继开展了食管癌的病因学、流行病学及人群综合防治研究等,四十年来不断进取,成为全国“肿瘤登记示范中心”及“食管癌早诊早治示范基地”。为降低食管癌发病率、死亡率,积极落实早诊早治项目,分析当前工作进展及形势,探讨可持续性长久发展新思路。     

2005～2010年磁县食管癌早诊早治内镜普查工作总结

[目的]探索一条科学的筛查工作方法及可持续发展食管癌防治新模式,降低内镜检查的风险,防止并发症的发生,提高普查顺应性和阳性率。[方法]按照磁县食管癌早诊早治普查工作流程和国家《食管癌早诊早治项目技术方案》,应用电子内镜检查加碘染色加多点指示性活检技术,对2005~2010年40~69岁人群共10914例食管癌普查。[结果]活检10291例,活检率94.29%,严重并发症发生率为0.12%。普查顺应性约为60%。并发症35例,其中出血13例,咽喉损伤10例,肠痉挛5例,下颌关节脱臼5例,碘过敏1例,唾液腺肿胀1例。[结论]建立一支技术过硬的食管癌早诊早治普查队伍,按照食管癌早诊早治普查工作流程,遵守国家《食管癌早诊早治项目技术方案》可有效地降低内镜检查的并发症,提高普查顺应性和阳性率。     

磁县肿瘤防治的可持续发展探讨

磁县是我国食管癌高发区,为“全国肿瘤登记中心示范基地”及“全国食管癌早诊早治示范基地”之一,通过30多年持续的防治研究工作,基层肿瘤防治能力建设有了长足发展。文章在系统回顾了磁县以往工作的基础上,针对当前肿瘤现场防治现状,对磁县高发现场未来可持续发展提出建议和思路。     

我国首批癌症早诊早治示范基地确定

为贯彻落实《中国癌症预防与控制规划纲要(20014—2010)》，卫生部疾病控制司确定了我国首批子宫颈癌和食管癌早诊早治示范基地。食管癌早诊早治示范基地：河南省林州市(河南省林州市食管癌防治研究所、肿瘤医院)，河北省磁县(河北省肿瘤研究所、磁县肿瘤医院)；子宫颈癌早诊早治示范基地：深圳市(深圳市妇幼保健院、北京大学深圳医院、深圳慢性病防治院)，     

磁县食管癌早诊早治工作策略

磁县作为国家食管癌早诊早治示范基地之一,如何起到示范作用,我们适时提出了“两个转变”的构想,从三方面开发政府领导层,重点把握五个体系,建立可持续发展的新路子。     

辽宁庄河胃癌早诊早治工作进展

[目的]探讨可持续开展癌症预防和早诊早治工作及基层肿瘤防治队伍能力建设的成功经验.[方法]总结胃癌早诊早治示范基地项目实施及进展情况,并进行资料分析.[结果]庄河现场胃癌早诊早治工作取得明显效果,早诊率80%.治疗率99%,诊断及治疗时效率均为100%.现场防治队伍能力建设取得长足进步.[结论]各级地方政府高度重视及大力支持是保证早诊早治项目顺利实施的关键,上级技术支撑单位的技术传、帮、带是保证技术方案落实到位的关键,基层肿瘤防治队伍能力建设是保证早诊早治项目可持续发展的关键.     

中国食管癌筛查与早诊早治指南(2022,北京)北大核心CSCD

食管癌是我国常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一,严重威胁我国居民生命健康。食管癌高风险人群接受筛查和早诊早治能够有效降低食管癌的发病率和死亡率。制定符合中国国情的食管癌筛查与早诊早治指南,将促进中国食管癌筛查的同质性和规范性,提高食管癌筛查的效果。中国食管癌筛查与早诊早治指南受国家卫生健康委员会疾病预防控制局的委托与指导,由国家癌症中心发起,联合多学科专家,整合食管癌筛查与早诊早治领域的国内外研究进展,同时考虑中国国情和食管癌筛查的实际经验,根据世界卫生组织推荐的指南制定原则和方法,针对食管癌筛查过程中的筛查人群、技术、流程等给出了基于证据的推荐,旨在保证食管癌筛查与早诊早治效果,为中国的食管癌防控提供科学依据。     

生物标志物在肺癌早筛早诊应用中的研究现状

肺癌是全球范围内恶性程度最高的肿瘤之一.在我国,肺癌的死亡率已连续多年处于首位.早筛早诊是延长肺癌患者生存期的前提.近年来,被认为具有发展前景的液体活检技术逐渐受到关注,其在肺癌早期诊断中的价值值得我们探讨.本文通过综述生物标志物在肺癌筛查和早期诊断中的应用,从多组学寻找特异生物标志物,探讨其在肺癌早期诊断的意义.     

Early detection markers in Pancreas Cancer

The role of early detection in cancer has shown improved survival for certain cancers, including colon cancer, cervical cancer and breast cancer. The possibility for early detection of pancreatic cancer may be realized by an improved understanding of the histology and molecular genetics of precursor lesions and cancerous lesions in pancreatic cancer and the development of sensitive and specific screening tests (both invasive and non-invasive) to detect early pancreatic cancer. The NIH-NCI Early Detection Research Network (EDRN) in Pancreatic Cancer has been focussed on the development and validation of new biomarkers for the detection of early pancreatic cancer. This review will focus on our understanding of the histologic and molecular model of pancreatic carcinogenesis, current strategies and limitations of screening for pancreatic cancer and the development and validation of new biomarkers for the early detection of pancreatic cancer.     

Early steps in mutagenesis by hycanthone

Hycanthone, the most potent mutagen in a series of nine thiaxanthenones, is a potent inducer of nuclear immunoreactivity to antinucleoside antibodies in HeLa cells. This response indicates exposure of single-stranded DNA regions. All classes of mutagens thus far tested share this property with hycanthone. Immunoreactivity to antinucleoside antibodies was also induced by brief exposure to hycanthone, 3 microgram/ml, in human fibroblasts from three normal subjects and in fibroblasts from seven patients with DNA repair deficiencies. Unlike those of many other mutagens, the metabolic effects and immunoreactivity induction of hycanthone were readily reversible. No evidence for covalent attachment of [3H]hycanthone to HeLa macromolecules could be found. Induction of DNA repair synthesis could not be detected by autoradiography after exposure of cells to hycanthone. Exposure of single-stranded DNA regions appears to be an important feature of the mechanism of action of hycanthone as a mutagen. Both hycanthone and lucanthone intercalate with DNA, but hycanthone was much less active than was lucanthone in reducing the rapid sedimentation of cell lysate DNA in alkaline sucrose gradients. Similarities and differences, therefore, have been found in the way the potent and the weak mutagen affect DNA of HeLa cells. This may provide clues to understanding the mechanism of mutagenesis by thiaxanthenones and other mutagens.     

Early Schistosomiasis in a Young Immigrant

A case of urinary schistosomiasis in a young African boy is presented. The slightly unusual radiological features of this case are described. A brief review of common and more unusual radiological features of the disease is presented.     

Early subcutaneous wash-out in acute extravasations

Schrijvers [1] has published a review article on extravasationinjuries and their treatment. The paper gives guidelines ofprevention, and conservative and late operative treatment. However,the early treatment option of subcutaneous wash-out [2, 3] isneither mentioned nor referenced. Despite this the technique is very successful in our experience,possibly due to an     

Early breast cancer

Breast cancer remains a common disease throughout the world. Here we review new knowledge about early breast cancer obtained during the past 5 years. The prognosis of early breast cancer is generally favorable. Especially, ductal carcinoma in situ has been regarded as a non-life-threatening disease. Therefore, early diagnosis and early onset of the treatment has been important. Early age at menarche, late age at first birth, and late age at menopause are related to breast cancer risk. Examination by mammography and ultrasonography is still the most effective means of detection for premenopausal and postmenopausal women, respectively. Additionally, there have been important advances in MRI, sentinel lymph node biopsy, breast-conserving surgery, partial breast irradiation, neoadjuvant systemic therapy, and adjuvant systemic therapy. Another approach to keeping the disease under control is the elucidation of breast cancer's molecular biological features. Assessment of potential molecular targets can lead to early diagnosis and molecular targeted treatment.