三维适形放疗协同化疗治疗食管癌术后纵隔转移临床观察

目的 观察三维适形放疗协同化疗治疗食管癌术后纵隔淋巴结转移的临床疗效和毒副反应.方法 将56例食管癌术后发生纵隔淋巴结转移者分为两组:观察组30例,对照组26例.观察组采用FD方案化疗,放疗第1天开始,5-氟脲嘧啶500 mg/m2+顺铂20 mg/m2,d1～5,28 d为1个周期,共4个周期;同时给予三维适形放射治疗,2～3 Gy/次,5次/周,照射总量为60～68 Gy.对照组采用单纯三维适形放疗,放疗方法与剂量同观察组.结果 治疗后6个月复查,观察组完全缓解(CR)20例,部分缓解(PR)9例,总有效率(CR+PR)96.7%;对照组CR 11例,PR 8例,有效率(CR+PR)73.1%.观察组与对照组1、2、3年生存率分别为86.7%、56.7%、23.3%和80.8%、34.6%、15.4%.结论 食管癌术后纵隔转移行三维适形放疗协同化疗疗效优于单纯放疗,可以提高生存率.     

GP方案与放疗联合治疗食管癌纵隔淋巴结转移的临床观察

目的:探讨吉西他滨+DDP联合放疗治疗食管癌纵隔淋巴结转移的疗效及不良反应.方法:收集43例以呼吸困难就诊的食管癌纵隔淋巴结转移患者,采用GP方案化疗(吉西他滨1.0g/m2,d1,8;顺铂30mg/m2 ,d2-4.每21-28天1个周期).化疗1-2周期后开始行放疗,6MV-X线照射,DT 2Gy/次,5次/周,总剂量DT 50Gy-68Gy.结果:本组病例总有效率73.9%.结论:吉西他滨+顺铂联合放疗治疗食管癌纵隔淋巴结转移有明显疗效.     

食管癌术后纵隔转移灶三维适形放射治疗的疗效

目的　探讨胸段食管癌根治术后纵隔转移灶三维适形放射治疗的意义和效果。方法　回顾性分析 6 3例食管癌根治术后 3～ 2 0个月发生纵隔转移患者。转移灶直径 <2cm 10例 ,2～ 3cm33例 ,>3cm 2 0例。伴有颈淋巴结转移 9例。 6 3例中右上纵隔 2 7例 ,左上纵隔 16例 ,中上纵隔 2 0例。 6 3例中未接受过放射治疗的 5 2例先常规分割放射治疗 4 0Gy ,后重新定位再次做治疗计划 ,新计划 3.0Gy/次 ,5次 /周 ,照射总剂量 6 4～ 70Gy。原来接受过放射治疗的患者仅给予 5 0Gy,不再重新定位。结果　治疗后 1个月复查 ,病灶达CR者 2 7例 ,病灶达PR者 30例 ,无进展病例。 1、2、3年生存率分别为 75 %、4 3%、15 %。结论　食管癌根治术后发生纵隔转移进行三维适形放射治疗可以明显提高局部控制率和生存率 ,副作用小     

三维适形放疗食管癌治疗后纵隔转移淋巴结的近期疗效观察

目的探讨食管癌治疗后纵隔转移淋巴结三维适形放射治疗的意义和效果。方法采用三维适形放疗治疗食管癌治疗后纵隔转移淋巴结患者41例,其中术后转移36例,纵隔淋巴结转移复发平均时间为15.6月;放疗后转移5例,复发平均时间为14.5月。所有病例均采用三维适形放疗,CTV为1.8~2.0 Gy/次,5次/周,每次3~5个照射野投照,总剂量50~66 Gy。结果近期疗效：完全缓解19.5%（8/41）,部分缓解51.2%（21/41）,总有效率70.7%（29/41）。急性放射性肺炎0级22例（53.7%）,1级13例（31.7%）,2级4例（9.8%）,3级2例（4.9%）,无4级发生;急性放射性食管炎0级19例（46.3%）,1级14例（31.4%）,2级5例（12.2%）,3级3例（7.3%）,无4级发生。结论三维适形放射治疗食管癌治疗后纵隔淋巴结转移有较好的疗效,患者耐受性较好。     

三维适形放疗联合TDF方案同步化疗治疗食管癌43例

目的 观察三维适形放疗(3DCRT)联合TDF方案同步化疗治疗非手术食管癌的近期疗效、生存期及患者不良反应.方法 86例食管癌分为放化组43例,放疗第1天同步化疗;单放组43例.采用直线加速器放射治疗38Gy后实施3DERT,3 Gy/次,4次/周,10次完成,总剂量达DT68Gy.化疗采用紫杉醇135 mg/m2第1天,顺铂20 mg/m2第1天至第5天,5-氟尿嘧啶500 mg/m2第1天至第5天,28 d为1个周期,共2个周期.结果 放化组有效率为89%,单放组为74%.放化组不良反应略大于单放组,但患者可以耐受.结论 采用TDF方案化疗联合3DCRT治疗不能手术的食管癌近期疗效和局部控制率较好,可提高患者生存率,不良反应可以耐受.     

三维适形放疗联合同步化疗治疗食管癌的临床观察

目的:探讨三维适形放疗联合同步化疗在食管癌治疗中的近期有效率、不良反应及生存率.方法: 128例病人根据入选标准进入研究.采用三维适形放疗,常规分割,2.0Gy/次,1次/天,5天/周,放疗剂量50-60Gy.化疗为DDP25mg/m2,静脉滴注,d1-5天,5-FU 500mg/m2,静脉滴注,d1-5,化疗在放疗第1,29天进行,共两个周期.结果: 放化疗组近期有效率为90.47%;放疗组为89.23%P>0.05.放化疗组1年及3年、5年生存率分别为63.49%、28.57%、16.67%.放疗组分别为56.92%、12.31%、1.53%(P<0.05).放化组不良反应主要是放射性食管炎及放射性肺损伤,其次是血液毒性,患者均能耐受.结论:三维适形放疗联合化疗对食管癌近期疗效及生存率较好,虽不良反应增加但病人可以耐受.     

三维适形放疗联合TDF方案同步化疗治疗食管癌43例

目的 观察三维适形放疗(3DCRT)联合TDF方案同步化疗治疗非手术食管癌的近期疗效、生存期及患者不良反应.方法 86例食管癌分为放化组43例,放疗第1天同步化疗;单放组43例.采用直线加速器放射治疗38Gy后实施3DERT,3 Gy/次,4次/周,10次完成,总剂量达DT68Gy.化疗采用紫杉醇135 mg/m2第1天,顺铂20 mg/m2第1天至第5天,5-氟尿嘧啶500 mg/m2第1天至第5天,28 d为1个周期,共2个周期.结果 放化组有效率为89%,单放组为74%.放化组不良反应略大于单放组,但患者可以耐受.结论 采用TDF方案化疗联合3DCRT治疗不能手术的食管癌近期疗效和局部控制率较好,可提高患者生存率,不良反应可以耐受.     

GP方案与放疗联合治疗食管癌纵隔淋巴结转移的临床观察

目的：探讨吉西他滨＋DDP联合放疗治疗食管癌纵隔淋巴结转移的疗效及不良反应。方法：收集43例以呼吸困难就诊的食管癌纵隔淋巴结转移患者,采用GP方案化疗（吉西他滨1．0g／m^2,d1,8;顺铂30mg／m^2,d2-4。每21—28天1个周期）。化疗1—2周期后开始行放疗,6MV—X线照射,DT2Gy／次,5次／周,总剂量DT 50Gy-68Gy。结果：本组病例总有效率73．9％。结论：吉西他滨＋顺铂联合放疗治疗食管癌纵隔淋巴结转移有明显疗效。     

后程加速超分割适形放疗联合化疗序贯治疗食管癌的临床研究

目的 比较后程加速超分割适形放疗联合化疗与单纯常规放疗治疗食管癌的临床疗效及副作用.方法 93例食管癌患者随机分成单放组(45例)和放化组(48例).放化组的化疗方案为CF 200 mg,d1～5;5-Fu 500 mg/m2,d1～5;CDDP 25 mg/m2,d1～3;化疗结束后3～7 d开始放疗,放射治疗采用6 MV X线照射,先设前后野DT 40～42 Gy/4～4.2周后,重复上述化疗方案,从第5周起进行加速超分割适形放疗,24～26 Gy/1.5～2周,放疗结束后再化疗2个周期.单放组采用全程常规分割1.8～2.0 Gy/(次·d),5次/周,DT 60～70 Gy,6～7周完成.结果 单放组和放化组有效率分别为62.2%和87.5%;1,3,5年生存率分别为65.8%和83.2%,23.2%和38.8%,10.2%和18.1%.中位生存期分别为9.8和15.2个月.两组比较差异有显著性P＜0.05).放化组发生放射性食管炎、WBC值下降等高于单放组.结论 后程加速超分割适形放疗联合化疗治疗食管癌,可以提高疗效,延长生存期,虽毒副反应略增加,但患者均可耐受.     

同步化疗加三维适形放射治疗食管癌术后纵隔淋巴结转移

目的 探讨胸段食管癌根治术后纵隔淋巴结转移同步化疗加三维适形放射治疗的疗效和并发症。 方法 60例食管癌术后发生纵隔转移的患者,随机分为两组（适形组与对照组）,每组30例,放疗采用6/15MV X线外照射,前2/3疗程常规放射治疗DT(38～40)Gy,后1/3疗程采用后程加速超分割适形放射治疗和超分割放疗,2次/天,(1.4～1.5)Gy/次,全疗程总剂量 DT(65～68)Gy,采用FP方案化疗（5-Fu+DDP）。结果 治疗后3月内复查CT,适形组与对照组的CR、PR分别为53.5%、36.7%和43.3%、36.7%,无进展病例,有效率（CR+PR）分别为90.0%、80.0% (χ²=1.17,P>0.05), 1、3、5年生存率分别为80.0%、33.3%、13.3%和73.3%、20.0% 、6.7%(χ²=0.80、1.36、0.91,P>0.05)。结论 同步化疗加三维适形放射治疗食管癌术后纵隔淋巴结转移可提高局部控制率和生存率,不良反应小。     

Experience with Impedance Phlebography Compared with Venography

Venography is a particularly reliable method for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis but is not suitable as a screening test. Impedance phlebography represents another attempt to discover a simple, non-invasive and reliable method of detecting deep venous thrombosis. It does not, however, meet these criteria.     

Compliance with guidelines and correlation with outcome in patients with advanced germ-cell tumours

PurposeTo evaluate prior compliance with guidelines in patients treated with salvage chemotherapy for advanced germ-cell tumours (GCT).Patients and methodsData concerning the initial management of patients requiring salvage chemotherapy for GCT at Institut Gustave Roussy between 2000 and 2010 were obtained and correlated with recommendations for treatment. Criteria of non-compliance were defined based on guidelines. Compliance with guidelines, predictive factors for non-compliance and the impact on outcome were analysed.ResultsAmong 82 patients treated in the salvage setting, guidelines to initial treatment were followed in only 41 cases (50%). The most common non-compliance criteria were non-adherence to the planned dose (16%), an inappropriate interval between first-line chemotherapy cycles (16%), the lack of post-chemotherapy surgery (16%) and a long interval to post-chemotherapy surgery (48%). Compliance with standard care was better in cancer centres than in other hospitals (private or public) (Odd Ratio (OR): 6.9, P = 0.001). A poor-risk status according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) was also predictive of compliance in univariate but not in multivariate analysis. No significant difference in outcome after salvage chemotherapy was observed. Patients relapsing after non-compliant first-line therapy tended to be more easily salvaged, which is consistent with the fact that their initial treatment was inadequate. Some of these relapses were therefore probably not due to true biologically refractory disease.ConclusionGuidelines for first-line treatment are adhered to in only half the patients requiring salvage chemotherapy. As the only predictive factor for non-compliance was the treating centre, centralisation of patients with GCT in well-trained hospitals should be recommended.     

Treatment with methylnaltrexone is associated with increased survival in patients with advanced cancer

BackgroundMethylnaltrexone (MNTX), a peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist, is FDA-approved for treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC). Preclinical data suggest that MOR activation can play a role in cancer progression and can be a target for anticancer therapy.Patients and methodsPooled data from advanced end-stage cancer patients with OIC, despite laxatives, treated in two randomized (phase III and IV), placebo-controlled trials with MNTX were analyzed for overall survival (OS) in an unplanned post hoc analysis. MNTX or placebo was given subcutaneously during the double-blinded phase, which was followed by the open-label phase, allowing MNTX treatment irrespective of initial randomization.ResultsIn two randomized, controlled trials, 229 cancer patients were randomized to MNTX (117, 51%) or placebo (112, 49%). Distribution of patients' characteristics and major tumor types did not significantly differ between arms. Treatment with MNTX compared with placebo [76 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) 43–109 versus 56 days, 95% CI 43–69; P = 0.033] and response (laxation) to treatment compared with no response (118 days, 95% CI 59–177 versus 55 days, 95% CI 40–70; P < 0.001) had a longer median OS, despite 56 (50%) of 112 patients ultimately crossing over from placebo to MNTX. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that response to therapy [hazard ratio (HR) 0.47, 95% CI 0.29–0.76; P = 0.002) and albumin ≥3.5 (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30–0.69; P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for increased OS. Of interest, there was no difference in OS between MNTX and placebo in 134 patients with advanced illness other than cancer treated in these randomized studies (P = 0.88).ConclusionThis unplanned post hoc analysis of two randomized trials demonstrates that treatment with MNTX and, even more so, response to MNTX are associated with increased OS, which supports the preclinical hypothesis that MOR can play a role in cancer progression. Targeting MOR with MNTX warrants further investigation in cancer therapy.Clinical trials numberNCT00401362, NCT00672477.     

Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs

JOHNSTON S.R.D. (2010) European Journal of Cancer Care 19 , 561–563 Living with secondary breast cancer: coping with an uncertain future with unmet needs     

奥沙利铂联合羟基喜树碱治疗晚期胃癌临床分析

背景与目的体外及体内的临床研究显示,奥沙利铂(L-OHP)对多种肿瘤有显著抑制作用并与绝大多数抗癌药物具有相加或协同细胞毒作用.本文旨在观察L-OHP联合羟基喜树碱(HCPT)治疗晚期胃癌的近期疗效和患者耐受性,并与传统的化疗方案进行对比.方法采用非随机的分组方法将43例晚期胃癌患者分为L-OHP+HCPT方案组(治疗组)与Vp-16+CF+5-FU(ELF)方案组(对照组),其中男性28例,女性15例,中位年龄59岁,KPS评分≥60,观察两组的近期疗效和患者耐受性.结果治疗组24例有效率58.3%(14/24),对照组19例有效率42.1%(8/19).治疗组有效率高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05).两组不良反应主要是骨髓抑制、恶心、呕吐、口腔炎、周围神经炎、静脉炎、脱发等,均在Ⅰ、Ⅱ度范围内.结论L-OHP联合HCPT方案治疗晚期胃癌疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受.     

Varicella-Zoster Virus Prophylaxis with Low-Dose Acyclovir in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Bortezomib

BackgroundVaricella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation is a common complication in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with bortezomib, with an incidence rate of 10%-60%. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of acyclovir prophylaxis in this patient population.Patients and MethodsWe studied 98 consecutive patients with relapsed MM treated with bortezomib. Bortezomib 1.3 mg/m² was given on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21-day cycle. At first, patients did not receive any VZV prophylaxis, but because of the high incidence of VZV reactivation, VZV prophylaxis with acyclovir was implemented subsequently.ResultsA total of 11 patients treated with bortezomib did not have any VZV prophylaxis, and 4 of these 11 patients (36%) developed VZV reactivation in the form of herpes zoster. No VZV reactivations were observed in the 32 patients who received acyclovir 400 mg 3 times daily or the 55 patients who received acyclovir in a dose reduced to 400 mg once daily during bortezomib treatment.ConclusionVaricellazoster virus reactivation is a common and serious adverse effect of bortezomib treatment. Acyclovir 400 mg once daily is sufficient to protect from VZV reactivation in patients with MM treated with bortezomib.     

Costs associated with complications are lower with capecitabine than with 5‐fluorouracil in patients with colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND:

Capecitabine, an oral alternative to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), has equal clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile; however, its use may be limited because of unit cost concerns. In this study, the authors measured the cost of chemotherapy‐related complications during treatment with capecitabine‐ and 5‐FU–based regimens.

METHODS:

Patients with CRC who received at least 1 administration of capecitabine or 5‐FU during 2004 and 2005 were identified from the Thomson MarketScan research databases. Monthly frequency and cost for 23 complications were recorded. Logistic regression was used to predict complication probability. General linear models were used to predict monthly complication cost and total monthly expenditure.

RESULTS:

In total, 4973 patients with CRC met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. Although the most frequently observed complications were the same between capecitabine and 5‐FU (nausea and vomiting, infection, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea), each was observed with greater frequency in 5‐FU–based regimens. The mean predicted monthly complication cost was significantly higher (by 136%) with 5‐FU monotherapy than with capecitabine monotherapy (difference, $601; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], $469‐$737). In addition, the mean predicted monthly complication cost for 5‐FU+oxaliplatin was higher than the cost with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (difference, $1165; 95% CI, $892‐$1595). When acquisition, administration, and complication costs were taken into consideration, there were no significant differences in the total cost between capecitabine regimens and 5‐FU regimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

Capecitabine compared well with 5‐FU–based therapy in patients with CRC and was associated with lower complication rates and associated costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.